{"resource_id":8043,"title":"戏曲考源","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"戲曲考源　　（近人）王國維 撰","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["海寗王國維"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"●目錄","paragraphs":["戲曲考源","教坊致語","口號","勾合曲","勾小兒隊","隊名","問小兒隊","小兒致語","勾雜劇","放小兒隊","勾女童隊","隊名","問女童隊","女童致語","勾雜劇","放女童隊","調笑轉踏","放隊"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","title":"水調歌第一","paragraphs":["第二","第三","第四","第五"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","title":"入破第一","paragraphs":["第二","第三","第四","第五","第六徹","水調歌頭"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","title":"排遍第一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","title":"排遍第二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","title":"排遍第三","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","title":"排遍第四","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","title":"排遍第五","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","title":"排遍第六","paragraphs":["排遍第七攧花十八","道宮薄媚"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","title":"排遍第八","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-12","title":"排遍第九","paragraphs":["第十攧"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-13","title":"入破第一","paragraphs":["第二虛催","第三袞遍","第四催拍","第五袞遍","第六歇拍","第七煞袞","歸去來兮引"]}]},{"id":"chapter-2","title":"戲曲考源","sections":[{"id":"chapter-2-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["楚詞之作滄浪鳳兮二歌先之詩餘之興齊梁小樂府先之獨戲曲一體崛起於金元之間於是有疑其出自異域而與前此之文學無闗系者此又不然嘗考其變遷之跡皆在有宋一代不過因金元人音樂上之嗜好而日益發達耳","戲曲者謂以歌舞演故事也古樂府中如焦仲卿妻詩木蘭辭長恨歌等雖詠故事而不被之歌舞非戲曲也柘枝菩薩蠻之隊雖合歌舞而不演故事亦非戲曲也唯漢之角抵於魚龍百戲外兼搬演古人物張衡西京賦曰東海黃公赤刀粵祝冀厭白虎卒不能救又曰總會仙倡戲豹舞羆白虎鼓瑟蒼龍吹箎女娥坐而長歌聲清暢以逶蛇洪崖立而指麾被羽毛之襳襹度曲未終雲起雪飛則所搬演之人物且自歌舞然所演者實仙怪之事不得雲故事也演故事者始於唐之大面撥頭踏搖娘等戲代面【即大面】出於北齊北齊蘭陵王長恭才武而面美常著假面以對敵嘗擊周師金墉城下勇冠三軍齊人壯之為此舞以效其指麾擊刺之容謂之蘭陵王入陣曲撥頭出西域胡人為猛獸所噬其子求獸殺之為此舞以象之也踏搖娘生於隋末隋末河內有人貌惡而嗜酒常自號郎中醉歸必毆其妻其妻美色善歌為怨苦之辭河朔演其曲而被之弦管因寫其夫之容妻悲訴毎搖頓其身故號踏搖娘【右見舊唐書音樂志樂府雜錄及教坊記所載略同】及昭宗光化中孫德昭之徒及劉季述始作樊噲排闥劇【宋陳暘樂書第一百八十六卷】唐時戲劇可考者僅此至宋初搬演較為任意宋孔道輔奉使契丹契丹宴使者優人以文宣王為戲道輔艴然徑出【宋史孔道輔傳】又祥符天禧中楊大年錢文僖晏元獻劉子儀以文章立朝為詩皆宗李義山後進多竊義山語句嘗內宴優人有為義山者衣服敗裂告人曰吾為諸館職撏撦至此聞者歡笑【劉攽中山詩話】至南宋時洪邁夷堅走葉紹翁四朝聞見錄所載優伶調謔之事尚與此相類雖搬演古人物然果有歌詞與故事否若有歌詞果與故事相應否今不可考要之此時尚無金元間所謂戲曲則固可決也雜戲之名始起於宋宋制毎春秋聖節三大宴小兒隊女弟子隊各進雜劇隊舞及雜劇之制具見宋史樂志及宋孟元老東京夢華錄宋志謂舞隊之制其名各十小兒隊凡七十二人女弟子隊凡一百五十人毎春秋聖節三大宴其第一皇帝升座宰相進酒庭中吹觱篥以眾樂和之賜群臣酒皆就座宰相飲作傾杯百官飲作三臺第二皇帝再舉酒群臣立於席後樂以歌起第三皇帝舉酒如第二之制以次進食第四百戲皆作第五皇帝舉酒如第二之制第六樂工緻辭繼以詩一章謂之口號皆述德美及中外蹈詠之情第七合奏大麴第八皇帝舉酒殿上獨彈琵琶第九小兒隊舞亦致辭以述德美第十雜劇罷皇帝起更衣第十一皇帝再坐舉酒殿上獨吹笙第十二蹴踘第十三皇帝舉酒殿上獨彈箏第十四女弟子隊舞亦致辭如小兒隊第十五雜劇第十六皇帝舉酒如第二之制第十七奏鼓吹曲或用法曲或用茲第十八皇帝舉酒如第二之制第十九用角抵宴畢而隊舞制度東京夢華錄所載尤詳初參軍色作語勾小兒隊舞小兒各選年十二三者二百餘人列四行毎行隊頭一名四人簇擁並小隱士帽著緋綠紫青生色花衫上領四契義欄束帶各執花枝排定先有四人裹卷腳帕頭紫衫者擎一彩殿子內金貼字牌擂鼓而進謂之隊名牌上有一聯謂如九韶翔綵鳳八佾舞青鸞之句樂部舉樂小兒隊舞步進前直叩殿陛參軍色作語問小兒班首近前進口號雜劇人皆打和畢樂作群舞合唱且舞且唱又唱破子畢小兒班首入進致語句雜劇入場一場兩段內殿雜戲為有使人在座不敢深作諧謔惟用群隊裝其似像市語謂之拽串雜戲畢參軍色作語放小兒隊又群舞應天長曲子出場女弟子隊舞雜劇與小兒略同唯節次稍多此徽宗聖節典禮也若宴遼使其典禮與三大宴同惟無後場雜劇及女弟子隊舞遼宴宋使則酒一行觱篥起歌酒二行歌酒三行歌手伎入酒四行琵琶獨彈餅茶致語食入雜劇進【遼史樂志】由此觀之則宋之搬演李義山遼之搬演文宣王既在宴時其為其為雜劇無可疑也","雜劇亦有歌詞宋史樂志謂真宗不喜鄭聲而或為雜劇辭未嘗宣佈於外是也其詞如何今不可考唯三大宴之致辭則由文臣為之故宋人集中多樂語一種又謂之致語又謂之念語茲錄蘇子瞻興龍節集英殿宴樂語如左節","教坊致語","臣聞帝武造周已兆興王之跡日符祚漢實開受命之祥非天私我有邦惟聖乃作神主仰止誕彌之慶集於建醜之正端玉履庭爰講比鄰之好虎臣在泮復通西域之琛式燕示慈與人均福恭維皇帝陛下睿思冠古浚哲自天煥乎有文日講六經之訓述而不作思齊累聖之仁夷夏宅心神人協德卜年七百方過歷以承天有臣三十鹹一心而戴後彤庭振萬玉座傳觴誦干戈載戢之詩作君臣相說之樂斯民何幸白首太平臣猥以微生親逢盛旦始慶猗蘭之會願賡擊壤之音下采民言上陳口號","口號","凜凜重瞳日月新西方驚喜識天人共知若木初生旦且種蟠桃不計春請使黒山歸屬國給扶黃髮拜嚴宸紫皇應在紅雲裡試問清都侍從臣","勾合曲","祝堯之壽既罄於歡謡眾舜之功願觀於備樂羽旅在列笙磬同音上奉嚴宸教坊合曲","勾小兒隊","魚龍奏技畢陳詭異之觀髫齓成童各效迴旋之妙嘉其尚幼有此良心仰奉宸慈教坊小兒入隊","隊名","兩階陳羽鑰萬國走梯航樂隊","問小兒隊","工師在列各懹自獻之能侲子盈庭必有可觀之伎未知來意宜悉奏陳","小兒致語","臣聞生民以來未有祖宗之仁厚上帝所眷錫以神聖之子孫孚佑下民篤生我後瞻舜瞳之日月望堯顙之山河若帝之初達四聰於無外如川方至傾萬宇以來同恭維皇帝陛下齊聖廣淵剛健篤實識文武之大者體仁孝於自然歌詩思齊見文王之所以聖誦書無逸法中宗之不敢康誕日載臨輿情共祝神策授萬年之算洛書開五福之祥臣等嬉遊天街沐浴王化欲陳舞蹈之意不知手足之隨未敢自專伏取進止","勾雜劇","金奏鏗純既度九韶之曲霓裳合散又陳八佾之儀舞綴暫停優伶間作再調絲竹雜劇來歟","放小兒隊","遊童率舞逐物性之熙怡小技畢陳識天顏之廣大清歌既闋迭鼓催再拜天街相將歸去","勾女童隊","垂鬟在列斂袂稍前豈知北里之微敢獻南山之壽霓旌坌集金奏方諧上奏威顏兩軍女童入隊","隊名","君臣千載遇歌舞萬方同樂隊","問女童隊","摻撾屢作旌夏前臨顧遊女之何能造彤庭而獻技"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"戲曲考源　　（近人）王國維 撰","section_title":"正文","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"戲曲考源　　（近人）王國維 撰","section_title":"●目錄","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","chapter_title":"戲曲考源　　（近人）王國維 撰","section_title":"水調歌第一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","chapter_title":"戲曲考源　　（近人）王國維 撰","section_title":"入破第一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","chapter_title":"戲曲考源　　（近人）王國維 撰","section_title":"排遍第一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","chapter_title":"戲曲考源　　（近人）王國維 撰","section_title":"排遍第二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","chapter_title":"戲曲考源　　（近人）王國維 撰","section_title":"排遍第三","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","chapter_title":"戲曲考源　　（近人）王國維 撰","section_title":"排遍第四","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","chapter_title":"戲曲考源　　（近人）王國維 撰","section_title":"排遍第五","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","chapter_title":"戲曲考源　　（近人）王國維 撰","section_title":"排遍第六","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","chapter_title":"戲曲考源　　（近人）王國維 撰","section_title":"排遍第八","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-12","chapter_title":"戲曲考源　　（近人）王國維 撰","section_title":"排遍第九","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-13","chapter_title":"戲曲考源　　（近人）王國維 撰","section_title":"入破第一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-2-section-1","chapter_title":"戲曲考源","section_title":"正文","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 戲曲考源　　（近人）王國維 撰\n海寗王國維\n## ●目錄\n戲曲考源\n教坊致語\n口號\n勾合曲\n勾小兒隊\n隊名\n問小兒隊\n小兒致語\n勾雜劇\n放小兒隊\n勾女童隊\n隊名\n問女童隊\n女童致語\n勾雜劇\n放女童隊\n調笑轉踏\n放隊\n## 水調歌第一\n第二\n第三\n第四\n第五\n## 入破第一\n第二\n第三\n第四\n第五\n第六徹\n水調歌頭\n## 排遍第一\n## 排遍第二\n## 排遍第三\n## 排遍第四\n## 排遍第五\n## 排遍第六\n排遍第七攧花十八\n道宮薄媚\n## 排遍第八\n## 排遍第九\n第十攧\n## 入破第一\n第二虛催\n第三袞遍\n第四催拍\n第五袞遍\n第六歇拍\n第七煞袞\n歸去來兮引\n# 戲曲考源\n楚詞之作滄浪鳳兮二歌先之詩餘之興齊梁小樂府先之獨戲曲一體崛起於金元之間於是有疑其出自異域而與前此之文學無闗系者此又不然嘗考其變遷之跡皆在有宋一代不過因金元人音樂上之嗜好而日益發達耳\n戲曲者謂以歌舞演故事也古樂府中如焦仲卿妻詩木蘭辭長恨歌等雖詠故事而不被之歌舞非戲曲也柘枝菩薩蠻之隊雖合歌舞而不演故事亦非戲曲也唯漢之角抵於魚龍百戲外兼搬演古人物張衡西京賦曰東海黃公赤刀粵祝冀厭白虎卒不能救又曰總會仙倡戲豹舞羆白虎鼓瑟蒼龍吹箎女娥坐而長歌聲清暢以逶蛇洪崖立而指麾被羽毛之襳襹度曲未終雲起雪飛則所搬演之人物且自歌舞然所演者實仙怪之事不得雲故事也演故事者始於唐之大面撥頭踏搖娘等戲代面【即大面】出於北齊北齊蘭陵王長恭才武而面美常著假面以對敵嘗擊周師金墉城下勇冠三軍齊人壯之為此舞以效其指麾擊刺之容謂之蘭陵王入陣曲撥頭出西域胡人為猛獸所噬其子求獸殺之為此舞以象之也踏搖娘生於隋末隋末河內有人貌惡而嗜酒常自號郎中醉歸必毆其妻其妻美色善歌為怨苦之辭河朔演其曲而被之弦管因寫其夫之容妻悲訴毎搖頓其身故號踏搖娘【右見舊唐書音樂志樂府雜錄及教坊記所載略同】及昭宗光化中孫德昭之徒及劉季述始作樊噲排闥劇【宋陳暘樂書第一百八十六卷】唐時戲劇可考者僅此至宋初搬演較為任意宋孔道輔奉使契丹契丹宴使者優人以文宣王為戲道輔艴然徑出【宋史孔道輔傳】又祥符天禧中楊大年錢文僖晏元獻劉子儀以文章立朝為詩皆宗李義山後進多竊義山語句嘗內宴優人有為義山者衣服敗裂告人曰吾為諸館職撏撦至此聞者歡笑【劉攽中山詩話】至南宋時洪邁夷堅走葉紹翁四朝聞見錄所載優伶調謔之事尚與此相類雖搬演古人物然果有歌詞與故事否若有歌詞果與故事相應否今不可考要之此時尚無金元間所謂戲曲則固可決也雜戲之名始起於宋宋制毎春秋聖節三大宴小兒隊女弟子隊各進雜劇隊舞及雜劇之制具見宋史樂志及宋孟元老東京夢華錄宋志謂舞隊之制其名各十小兒隊凡七十二人女弟子隊凡一百五十人毎春秋聖節三大宴其第一皇帝升座宰相進酒庭中吹觱篥以眾樂和之賜群臣酒皆就座宰相飲作傾杯百官飲作三臺第二皇帝再舉酒群臣立於席後樂以歌起第三皇帝舉酒如第二之制以次進食第四百戲皆作第五皇帝舉酒如第二之制第六樂工緻辭繼以詩一章謂之口號皆述德美及中外蹈詠之情第七合奏大麴第八皇帝舉酒殿上獨彈琵琶第九小兒隊舞亦致辭以述德美第十雜劇罷皇帝起更衣第十一皇帝再坐舉酒殿上獨吹笙第十二蹴踘第十三皇帝舉酒殿上獨彈箏第十四女弟子隊舞亦致辭如小兒隊第十五雜劇第十六皇帝舉酒如第二之制第十七奏鼓吹曲或用法曲或用茲第十八皇帝舉酒如第二之制第十九用角抵宴畢而隊舞制度東京夢華錄所載尤詳初參軍色作語勾小兒隊舞小兒各選年十二三者二百餘人列四行毎行隊頭一名四人簇擁並小隱士帽著緋綠紫青生色花衫上領四契義欄束帶各執花枝排定先有四人裹卷腳帕頭紫衫者擎一彩殿子內金貼字牌擂鼓而進謂之隊名牌上有一聯謂如九韶翔綵鳳八佾舞青鸞之句樂部舉樂小兒隊舞步進前直叩殿陛參軍色作語問小兒班首近前進口號雜劇人皆打和畢樂作群舞合唱且舞且唱又唱破子畢小兒班首入進致語句雜劇入場一場兩段內殿雜戲為有使人在座不敢深作諧謔惟用群隊裝其似像市語謂之拽串雜戲畢參軍色作語放小兒隊又群舞應天長曲子出場女弟子隊舞雜劇與小兒略同唯節次稍多此徽宗聖節典禮也若宴遼使其典禮與三大宴同惟無後場雜劇及女弟子隊舞遼宴宋使則酒一行觱篥起歌酒二行歌酒三行歌手伎入酒四行琵琶獨彈餅茶致語食入雜劇進【遼史樂志】由此觀之則宋之搬演李義山遼之搬演文宣王既在宴時其為其為雜劇無可疑也\n雜劇亦有歌詞宋史樂志謂真宗不喜鄭聲而或為雜劇辭未嘗宣佈於外是也其詞如何今不可考唯三大宴之致辭則由文臣為之故宋人集中多樂語一種又謂之致語又謂之念語茲錄蘇子瞻興龍節集英殿宴樂語如左節\n教坊致語\n臣聞帝武造周已兆興王之跡日符祚漢實開受命之祥非天私我有邦惟聖乃作神主仰止誕彌之慶集於建醜之正端玉履庭爰講比鄰之好虎臣在泮復通西域之琛式燕示慈與人均福恭維皇帝陛下睿思冠古浚哲自天煥乎有文日講六經之訓述而不作思齊累聖之仁夷夏宅心神人協德卜年七百方過歷以承天有臣三十鹹一心而戴後彤庭振萬玉座傳觴誦干戈載戢之詩作君臣相說之樂斯民何幸白首太平臣猥以微生親逢盛旦始慶猗蘭之會願賡擊壤之音下采民言上陳口號\n口號\n凜凜重瞳日月新西方驚喜識天人共知若木初生旦且種蟠桃不計春請使黒山歸屬國給扶黃髮拜嚴宸紫皇應在紅雲裡試問清都侍從臣\n勾合曲\n祝堯之壽既罄於歡謡眾舜之功願觀於備樂羽旅在列笙磬同音上奉嚴宸教坊合曲\n勾小兒隊\n魚龍奏技畢陳詭異之觀髫齓成童各效迴旋之妙嘉其尚幼有此良心仰奉宸慈教坊小兒入隊\n隊名\n兩階陳羽鑰萬國走梯航樂隊\n問小兒隊\n工師在列各懹自獻之能侲子盈庭必有可觀之伎未知來意宜悉奏陳\n小兒致語\n臣聞生民以來未有祖宗之仁厚上帝所眷錫以神聖之子孫孚佑下民篤生我後瞻舜瞳之日月望堯顙之山河若帝之初達四聰於無外如川方至傾萬宇以來同恭維皇帝陛下齊聖廣淵剛健篤實識文武之大者體仁孝於自然歌詩思齊見文王之所以聖誦書無逸法中宗之不敢康誕日載臨輿情共祝神策授萬年之算洛書開五福之祥臣等嬉遊天街沐浴王化欲陳舞蹈之意不知手足之隨未敢自專伏取進止\n勾雜劇\n金奏鏗純既度九韶之曲霓裳合散又陳八佾之儀舞綴暫停優伶間作再調絲竹雜劇來歟\n放小兒隊\n遊童率舞逐物性之熙怡小技畢陳識天顏之廣大清歌既闋迭鼓催再拜天街相將歸去\n勾女童隊\n垂鬟在列斂袂稍前豈知北里之微敢獻南山之壽霓旌坌集金奏方諧上奏威顏兩軍女童入隊\n隊名\n君臣千載遇歌舞萬方同樂隊\n問女童隊\n摻撾屢作旌夏前臨顧遊女之何能造彤庭而獻技","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}