{"resource_id":6875,"title":"新吾吕先生实政录","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"新吾呂先生實政錄　　（明）呂坤 撰","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"●目錄","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"序","paragraphs":["明職引","民務","鄉甲約","風憲約"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","title":"●新吾呂先生實政錄序","paragraphs":["大學傳釋治平曰如保赤子心誠求之至論潔矩大道曰忠信以得之蓋王道本於誠意保蒼赤安社稷非可以聲音笑貌為也士君子遭時遘主孰不亟自表建以為國為民居然自命顧忠信未豫心寔不誠一膜之外已成胡越烏能以實心行實政噢咻生民而登之上理乎惟我呂先生天中大賢得伊洛真傳所著有呻吟語發明六經孔孟之學天德王道淵源於中居恆慨然以天下為已任一念民胞物與真可盟幽獨而格鬼神者比其在銓部也操人倫之鑑式序在位至貴要矣乃慨嘆曰吾人濟時行道必先親民遂力求外補一意安民之政自保釐山以東及搷撫山以西朝夕焦勞惟恐一民一物不得其所故諸所措注靡匪加意蒼赤者懼民啼飢號寒也教之墾荒田興水利樹桑棗養五孳其所以殷殷懇懇導眾利而布之下者必欲家給人足而心始慰懼煢民無告也為之歲給粟布時加存問即瞽目殘肢俾各專一藝以資其身乞丐之流亦冬有生房房有布被期窮民舉無失所懼荒歉為民災也紙贖無礙盡數糴谷貯預備倉而又募民出粟益以官廩俾在在皆立社倉遇有水旱不能為災懼盜賊戕吾民也而申飭保甲之法懼淫邪蕩吾民也而講明鄉約之法懼冤枉害吾民也而設為平反之法懼奢靡損吾民也而崇尚節儉之法又懼有司之弗毖或至殃吾民也指陳在公之事正色而告之於是乎著為明職民務鄉甲約風憲約獄政諸書頒佈諸司共期惠飬黎元以臻上理蓋先生愛民真如保赤一猷念一政事設誠而力行之故臚分畛列戞戞乎其言之也不佞炳令東魯晉中受知先生最深且久實爐冶而陶鑄之大懼弗克奞臼樹負特達之遇茲奉命按楚職屬風憲益不易稱日惟兢兢凜凜循先生書布之政令用廣其澤所以報也而徐自考曾不能萬分一然務實而恥為文此其大旨則奉若蓍蔡已秦越人之禁方已人之疾矣必請而傳之以所求博也是書烏可以弗傳爰校而刻之總名之曰實政錄宇宙之廣必多篤學好修留心當世者緣先生之跡而神明之太平可致也豈曰小補之哉謹序","萬曆戊戌歲季春吉旦廵按湖廣監察御史燕趙門生趙文炳頓首譔"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","title":"●明職引","paragraphs":["朝廷設官分職衙門各命以名百司庶府各顧名而思職思職而盡分人人皆滿其分量而天下無事矣今天下無一事不設衙門無一衙門不設官而政事日隳民生日困則吾輩溺於其職之故也嗚呼何可道哉乃發明職掌申飭大小職官終日思其所行經歲驗其成效稱職乎不稱職乎子夜點檢自慊自愧必有獨得者奚俟喋喋乎餘言","萬曆壬辰秋都察院右僉都御史寧陵呂坤書"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","title":"◇民務◇","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","title":"卷之一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","title":"卷之二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","title":"卷之三","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","title":"卷之四","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","title":"●卷一","paragraphs":["吏承出身","倉官之職","廵檢之職","驛遞之職","稅課司之職","司獄官之職","庫官之職","官恩例貢出身","貢士出身","科甲出身","教官之職","弟子之職（一讀書緣由）","弟子之職二（作人道理）","州縣佐貳之職","太原諭屬","知州知縣之職","同知通判推官之職","知府之職","鹽運司之職","守廵道之職","提學道之職","按察司之職","布政司之職","武職一","武職二","督撫之職"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","title":"○吏承出身","paragraphs":["雜職小官多出於吏員承差夫吏承上納大小行頭供役司府州縣房中案牘止尾承行之名堂上應答類多奔走之事通明律例者不多練達政事者甚少文書靠積年書手招擬託慣弊主文借公衙以支門戶緣私賄以飬身家三考甫完而此心久壞一官初授而惟利是圖豈無賢人君子秉正持廉要之千百中十一耳嗚呼官多卑吏吏亦自卑朝廷一切事體未有言官不言吏者如文移則言仰某衙門官吏如參謁則言官吏作揖如示仰則言官吏人等吏何嘗卑哉倘念上納之費所值幾何終身優免無一非百姓膏脂所在榮光何者非朝廷體面今日得做一官是我報效之日俸祿雖薄比吏自然略厚升遷雖小好官定是途長況上司耳目察爾獨精但有一長無不培植本院薦人惟論才賢不拘資格努力自愛無負教言"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-12","title":"○倉官之職","paragraphs":["朝廷錢糧黎庶膏血攢零合整積在倉中凶荒可以活萬姓之生征討可以濟三軍之急為倉官者收時要極幹極凈量時要極早極平倉中之地務使乾燥上防雨溼下防水浸晾窓常要透風又要編竹小孔以防雀入牆壁常要堅塞又要鋪板糯灰以防鼠盜盛暑連陰之月稟討官鑰將谷翻上倒下務使燻蒸溼熱之氣得以宣洩每歲如此三番米穀自不紅腐至出放之時升合不欠出納之數冊籍要明如此做官人人都作頌聲事事都顯能幹上司自然喜悅前程自然遠大而今做倉官的地溼房漏全然不理雀食鼠盜與我無干只愁妻子貧窮只恨錢財不足收時刁難納戶數日不派及至常例滿足濫派溼粃又有一等作奸之人計算在倉鬥頭加耗共餘若干卻通納戶折銀錢兩圖便宜至於出放之時短升少合零取碎侵無所不至不思朝廷設倉豈為倉官哉不忍一年貧苦致壞一世前程仔細思量真是可惜本院留心採訪必不虧你好官敬聽吾言大家勉勵"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-13","title":"○廵檢之職","paragraphs":["廵檢之設原為盤詰奸細查問逃亡緝捕盜賊關防詐偽弓兵要選精壯鎗刀要常演習山川險隘到處廵邏村落居民全無騷擾使軍民商販得以自在通行盜賊奸徒不敢公然來往如此三年方為稱職北方廵檢委實貧寒有在荒山野嶺之中或居人稀路僻之處妻子不得寬綽錢財無處從來但既做寒官須安窮分果能有功無過自得上考優升而今作廵檢的弓兵不問壯衰器械不求堅利武藝全不操演兇盜全不緝拏卻又索弓兵常例甚者一半折干擾害居民刁難過客驢馱擔挑者不止十分抽一作賈為商者平白指稱為盜是增一廵檢添一夥強賊一毫無益於地方萬分有害於黎庶以後遵守法度能盡職業者分外獎勵上等者一體薦揚仍舊殃民不改者訪知定行挐問使家鄉難還妻子流落有甚好處試自思之"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-14","title":"○驛遞之職","paragraphs":["倉廵看驛遞謂之熱鬧衙門以為美缺蓋驛遞衙門路當衝要常見上官年貌才能容易顯露錢糧出入常得自由不知你每也有苦處站銀急支不來過客急送不起恕夫馬之不齊者不管死活恨供具之不豐者嘗加責罵上司之公差不免凌索監中之囚犯每費關防但官窮窮不過人夫官累累不過騾馬做驛丞大使的重索馬頭常例一不遂心便派苦差逼取徒夫面銀一不如意便加凌虐以官錢放債領銀則加倍扣還致貧夫常受飢寒指過客為名開銷則半屬冐破而站銀多入囊篋徒夫有錢者賣放有力者保放紀法蕩然馬騾無錢者多差有勢者不差公道滅矣或私衙日索小菜下程或家人私送秋風人事或受居民詞訟或與娼婦姦淫種種弊端事事可恨不知近來上司耳目專是尋你小官百姓口嘴也只奈何小官一經訪察或被告發戒飭的也是你趕逐的也是你挐問的也是你不如小心謹守多做幾年再轉兩任長短算來名利兩得而今世道清明何嘗虧枉好官哉"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-15","title":"○稅課司之職","paragraphs":["夫百工之事百貨之通以有易無本為民便故古者譏而不徵今稅課設官一則收餘利以充國家之用一則徵商賈以抑逐末之人雖非正大公平猶不苛刻纖細近日廵"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"新吾呂先生實政錄　　（明）呂坤 撰","section_title":"●目錄","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"新吾呂先生實政錄　　（明）呂坤 撰","section_title":"序","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","chapter_title":"新吾呂先生實政錄　　（明）呂坤 撰","section_title":"●新吾呂先生實政錄序","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","chapter_title":"新吾呂先生實政錄　　（明）呂坤 撰","section_title":"●明職引","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","chapter_title":"新吾呂先生實政錄　　（明）呂坤 撰","section_title":"◇民務◇","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","chapter_title":"新吾呂先生實政錄　　（明）呂坤 撰","section_title":"卷之一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","chapter_title":"新吾呂先生實政錄　　（明）呂坤 撰","section_title":"卷之二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","chapter_title":"新吾呂先生實政錄　　（明）呂坤 撰","section_title":"卷之三","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","chapter_title":"新吾呂先生實政錄　　（明）呂坤 撰","section_title":"卷之四","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","chapter_title":"新吾呂先生實政錄　　（明）呂坤 撰","section_title":"●卷一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","chapter_title":"新吾呂先生實政錄　　（明）呂坤 撰","section_title":"○吏承出身","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-12","chapter_title":"新吾呂先生實政錄　　（明）呂坤 撰","section_title":"○倉官之職","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-13","chapter_title":"新吾呂先生實政錄　　（明）呂坤 撰","section_title":"○廵檢之職","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-14","chapter_title":"新吾呂先生實政錄　　（明）呂坤 撰","section_title":"○驛遞之職","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-15","chapter_title":"新吾呂先生實政錄　　（明）呂坤 撰","section_title":"○稅課司之職","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 新吾呂先生實政錄　　（明）呂坤 撰\n## ●目錄\n## 序\n明職引\n民務\n鄉甲約\n風憲約\n## ●新吾呂先生實政錄序\n大學傳釋治平曰如保赤子心誠求之至論潔矩大道曰忠信以得之蓋王道本於誠意保蒼赤安社稷非可以聲音笑貌為也士君子遭時遘主孰不亟自表建以為國為民居然自命顧忠信未豫心寔不誠一膜之外已成胡越烏能以實心行實政噢咻生民而登之上理乎惟我呂先生天中大賢得伊洛真傳所著有呻吟語發明六經孔孟之學天德王道淵源於中居恆慨然以天下為已任一念民胞物與真可盟幽獨而格鬼神者比其在銓部也操人倫之鑑式序在位至貴要矣乃慨嘆曰吾人濟時行道必先親民遂力求外補一意安民之政自保釐山以東及搷撫山以西朝夕焦勞惟恐一民一物不得其所故諸所措注靡匪加意蒼赤者懼民啼飢號寒也教之墾荒田興水利樹桑棗養五孳其所以殷殷懇懇導眾利而布之下者必欲家給人足而心始慰懼煢民無告也為之歲給粟布時加存問即瞽目殘肢俾各專一藝以資其身乞丐之流亦冬有生房房有布被期窮民舉無失所懼荒歉為民災也紙贖無礙盡數糴谷貯預備倉而又募民出粟益以官廩俾在在皆立社倉遇有水旱不能為災懼盜賊戕吾民也而申飭保甲之法懼淫邪蕩吾民也而講明鄉約之法懼冤枉害吾民也而設為平反之法懼奢靡損吾民也而崇尚節儉之法又懼有司之弗毖或至殃吾民也指陳在公之事正色而告之於是乎著為明職民務鄉甲約風憲約獄政諸書頒佈諸司共期惠飬黎元以臻上理蓋先生愛民真如保赤一猷念一政事設誠而力行之故臚分畛列戞戞乎其言之也不佞炳令東魯晉中受知先生最深且久實爐冶而陶鑄之大懼弗克奞臼樹負特達之遇茲奉命按楚職屬風憲益不易稱日惟兢兢凜凜循先生書布之政令用廣其澤所以報也而徐自考曾不能萬分一然務實而恥為文此其大旨則奉若蓍蔡已秦越人之禁方已人之疾矣必請而傳之以所求博也是書烏可以弗傳爰校而刻之總名之曰實政錄宇宙之廣必多篤學好修留心當世者緣先生之跡而神明之太平可致也豈曰小補之哉謹序\n萬曆戊戌歲季春吉旦廵按湖廣監察御史燕趙門生趙文炳頓首譔\n## ●明職引\n朝廷設官分職衙門各命以名百司庶府各顧名而思職思職而盡分人人皆滿其分量而天下無事矣今天下無一事不設衙門無一衙門不設官而政事日隳民生日困則吾輩溺於其職之故也嗚呼何可道哉乃發明職掌申飭大小職官終日思其所行經歲驗其成效稱職乎不稱職乎子夜點檢自慊自愧必有獨得者奚俟喋喋乎餘言\n萬曆壬辰秋都察院右僉都御史寧陵呂坤書\n## ◇民務◇\n## 卷之一\n## 卷之二\n## 卷之三\n## 卷之四\n## ●卷一\n吏承出身\n倉官之職\n廵檢之職\n驛遞之職\n稅課司之職\n司獄官之職\n庫官之職\n官恩例貢出身\n貢士出身\n科甲出身\n教官之職\n弟子之職（一讀書緣由）\n弟子之職二（作人道理）\n州縣佐貳之職\n太原諭屬\n知州知縣之職\n同知通判推官之職\n知府之職\n鹽運司之職\n守廵道之職\n提學道之職\n按察司之職\n布政司之職\n武職一\n武職二\n督撫之職\n## ○吏承出身\n雜職小官多出於吏員承差夫吏承上納大小行頭供役司府州縣房中案牘止尾承行之名堂上應答類多奔走之事通明律例者不多練達政事者甚少文書靠積年書手招擬託慣弊主文借公衙以支門戶緣私賄以飬身家三考甫完而此心久壞一官初授而惟利是圖豈無賢人君子秉正持廉要之千百中十一耳嗚呼官多卑吏吏亦自卑朝廷一切事體未有言官不言吏者如文移則言仰某衙門官吏如參謁則言官吏作揖如示仰則言官吏人等吏何嘗卑哉倘念上納之費所值幾何終身優免無一非百姓膏脂所在榮光何者非朝廷體面今日得做一官是我報效之日俸祿雖薄比吏自然略厚升遷雖小好官定是途長況上司耳目察爾獨精但有一長無不培植本院薦人惟論才賢不拘資格努力自愛無負教言\n## ○倉官之職\n朝廷錢糧黎庶膏血攢零合整積在倉中凶荒可以活萬姓之生征討可以濟三軍之急為倉官者收時要極幹極凈量時要極早極平倉中之地務使乾燥上防雨溼下防水浸晾窓常要透風又要編竹小孔以防雀入牆壁常要堅塞又要鋪板糯灰以防鼠盜盛暑連陰之月稟討官鑰將谷翻上倒下務使燻蒸溼熱之氣得以宣洩每歲如此三番米穀自不紅腐至出放之時升合不欠出納之數冊籍要明如此做官人人都作頌聲事事都顯能幹上司自然喜悅前程自然遠大而今做倉官的地溼房漏全然不理雀食鼠盜與我無干只愁妻子貧窮只恨錢財不足收時刁難納戶數日不派及至常例滿足濫派溼粃又有一等作奸之人計算在倉鬥頭加耗共餘若干卻通納戶折銀錢兩圖便宜至於出放之時短升少合零取碎侵無所不至不思朝廷設倉豈為倉官哉不忍一年貧苦致壞一世前程仔細思量真是可惜本院留心採訪必不虧你好官敬聽吾言大家勉勵\n## ○廵檢之職\n廵檢之設原為盤詰奸細查問逃亡緝捕盜賊關防詐偽弓兵要選精壯鎗刀要常演習山川險隘到處廵邏村落居民全無騷擾使軍民商販得以自在通行盜賊奸徒不敢公然來往如此三年方為稱職北方廵檢委實貧寒有在荒山野嶺之中或居人稀路僻之處妻子不得寬綽錢財無處從來但既做寒官須安窮分果能有功無過自得上考優升而今作廵檢的弓兵不問壯衰器械不求堅利武藝全不操演兇盜全不緝拏卻又索弓兵常例甚者一半折干擾害居民刁難過客驢馱擔挑者不止十分抽一作賈為商者平白指稱為盜是增一廵檢添一夥強賊一毫無益於地方萬分有害於黎庶以後遵守法度能盡職業者分外獎勵上等者一體薦揚仍舊殃民不改者訪知定行挐問使家鄉難還妻子流落有甚好處試自思之\n## ○驛遞之職\n倉廵看驛遞謂之熱鬧衙門以為美缺蓋驛遞衙門路當衝要常見上官年貌才能容易顯露錢糧出入常得自由不知你每也有苦處站銀急支不來過客急送不起恕夫馬之不齊者不管死活恨供具之不豐者嘗加責罵上司之公差不免凌索監中之囚犯每費關防但官窮窮不過人夫官累累不過騾馬做驛丞大使的重索馬頭常例一不遂心便派苦差逼取徒夫面銀一不如意便加凌虐以官錢放債領銀則加倍扣還致貧夫常受飢寒指過客為名開銷則半屬冐破而站銀多入囊篋徒夫有錢者賣放有力者保放紀法蕩然馬騾無錢者多差有勢者不差公道滅矣或私衙日索小菜下程或家人私送秋風人事或受居民詞訟或與娼婦姦淫種種弊端事事可恨不知近來上司耳目專是尋你小官百姓口嘴也只奈何小官一經訪察或被告發戒飭的也是你趕逐的也是你挐問的也是你不如小心謹守多做幾年再轉兩任長短算來名利兩得而今世道清明何嘗虧枉好官哉\n## ○稅課司之職\n夫百工之事百貨之通以有易無本為民便故古者譏而不徵今稅課設官一則收餘利以充國家之用一則徵商賈以抑逐末之人雖非正大公平猶不苛刻纖細近日廵","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}