{"resource_id":6871,"title":"救荒活民书","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"正文","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"欽定四庫全書","paragraphs":["史部十三"]}]},{"id":"chapter-2","title":"救荒活民書","sections":[{"id":"chapter-2-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["政書類三","邦計之屬"]},{"id":"chapter-2-section-2","title":"提要","paragraphs":["臣等謹案救荒活民書三卷宋董煟撰煟字季興鄱陽人紹熙五年進士嘗知瑞安縣是書前有自序謂上卷考古以證今中卷條陳救荒之策下卷備述本朝名臣賢士之所議論施行可為法戒者書中所敘如以常平為始自隋義倉為始自唐太宗皆不能逺考本原然其載常平粟米之數固隋書所未及志也其宋代蠲免優恤之典載在宋史紀志及文獻通考續通鑑長編者此撮其大要不過得十之二三而當時利弊言之頗悉實足補宋志之缺勸分亦宋之政令史所失載而此書有焉他若減租代種淳熙恤災令格皆可為史氏拾遺而宋代名臣救荒善政亦多堪與本傳相叅證猶古書中之有禆實用者也","乾隆四十五年五月恭校上","總纂官 （臣）紀昀 （臣）陸錫熊 （臣）孫士毅","總校官 （臣）陸費墀"]},{"id":"chapter-2-section-3","title":"●救荒活民書原序","paragraphs":["臣聞水旱霜蝗之變何世無之然救荒無術則民有流離餓莩轉死溝壑之患臣不才幼嘗竊慕先朝冨弼活河朔饑民五十餘萬私心以為賢於中書二十四考遠矣困處閭閻熟覩民間利病與夫州縣施行之善否心口相誓異時獲預從政願少攄活民之志於是編次厯代荒政釐為三捲上卷考古以證今中卷條陳今日救荒之策下卷則備述本朝名臣賢士之所議論施行可鑑可戒可為矜式者以備緩急觀覽名曰救荒活民書然半生竒蹇晚叨一第而憂患薫心齒髪疎落深恐蒲栁之資不任風雪則臣之素志無由獲伸謹繕寫進呈伏望聖慈萬幾餘閒俯賜乙夜之覽儻或可備採擇乞賜睿旨頒行州縣庻几上助九重惠澤黎元之萬一雲臣誠惶誠恐頓首頓首從政郎臣董煟上進"]},{"id":"chapter-2-section-4","title":"救荒活民書原序","paragraphs":[]}]},{"id":"chapter-3","title":"欽定四庫全書","sections":[{"id":"chapter-3-section-1","title":"救荒活民書卷上","paragraphs":["（宋）董煟 撰","帝曰棄黎民阻飢汝后稷播時百糓禹曰洪水滔天浩浩懐山襄陵下民昏墊予乗四載隨山刋木暨益奏庶鮮食予決九川距四海浚畎澮距川曁稷播奏庶艱食鮮食懋遷有無化居烝民乃粒萬邦作乂","煟曰唐虞之時國用尚簡上之人取於民者甚少凡山澤之利盡在於民故當阻飢之際特使通融有無而已今世民困財竭則通融有無須上之人有以考之然規模淺陋者猶滯於一隅殊失唐虞懋遷之意","湯旱而禱曰政不節歟使民疾歟何以不雨而至斯極也宮室崇歟婦謁盛歟何以不雨而至斯極也苞苴行歟讒夫昌歟何以不雨而至斯極也","煟曰公孫弘以湯之旱為桀之餘烈遂有以啟武帝之玩心大抵天變如父母之震怒為人子者知其雖非在已亦當恐懼敬事以得父母之歡心成湯聖人平時豈有此六事然必一一以為言者所以見其敬天之至也況未至成湯者可不自責哉","大司徒以荒政十有二聚萬民一曰散利二曰薄徵三曰緩刑四曰弛力五曰舍禁六曰去幾【闗市不譏也】七曰眚禮【凶荒殺禮】八曰殺哀九曰蕃樂【蕃讀為藩謂閉蔵樂器而不作】十曰多昏十有一曰索鬼神【求廢祀而修之也】十有二曰除盜賊","煟曰周禮救荒以散利薄徵居其首今之郡縣專促辦財賦而諱言災傷州縣之官有抑民吿訴者檢視之官有不敢保明分數者非不識古人活民之意顧亦迫於諸司之徵榷有所不暇計慮耳然以生民社稷為念者忍無策以處之","大荒大札則令邦國移民通財舍禁弛力薄徵緩刑","煟曰謹按注云大荒大凶年也大札大疾疫也移民者闢災就賤也其有守不可移者則輸之穀梁王移民粟之舉正得周禮救荒之遺意而孟子不取者非不取夫此也特譏其平居無事不能行仁政徒知罪歲而已耳","遺人掌邦之委積以待施惠鄉里之委積以恤囏厄門闗之委積以養老孤郊裡之委積以待賓客野鄙之委積以待羇旅縣都之委積以待凶荒","煟曰今之義倉誠得遺人委積之遺意然散貯於鄉里郊野縣都之間故所及者均遍比年義倉專輸之州縣一有兇歉村落不能遍及矣今有仁人在上安保其無復仿此意而行之者乎","國無九年之蓄曰不足無六年之蓄曰急無三年之蓄曰國非其國也三年耕必有一年之食九年耕必有三年之食以三十年之通雖有兇旱水溢民無菜色然後天子食日舉以樂","煟曰古稱九年之蓄者蓋率土臣民通為之計固非獨豐廩庾而已後代失典籍備慮之意忘先王子愛之心所蓄糧儲惟計廩庾不知國富民貧其禍尤速今州縣有常平倉有義倉朝廷諸路又有封樁米斛至於大軍倉豐儲倉州倉縣倉皆不與焉但賦斂繁重民間實無所蓄耳然官之所蓄又各有司存而不敢發馴致積為埃塵盍亦講求古人凶年通財之義乎","宣王承厲王之烈內有撥亂之志遇烖而懼側身修行欲銷去之詩曰天降喪亂饑饉薦臻靡神不舉靡愛斯牲又曰靡人不周無不能止","煟曰靡神不舉靡愛斯牲說者謂慰安人心然山川禱祠從古有之亦見古人憂畏之切至於靡人不周無不能止自非當時有實惠及民安能如是","月令季春之月天子佈德行惠命有司發倉廩賜貧窮賑乏絶","煟曰古人賑給多在季春之月蓋蠶麥未登正宜行惠非特饑荒之時方行賑濟而已","隱六年京師來告飢公為之請糴於宋衛齊鄭禮也莊二十八年冬飢臧孫辰告糴於齊禮也","煟曰春秋之時諸侯竊地專封然同盟之國猶有救患分災之義未嘗遏糴也今之郡縣不知本原但不容米下河出界回視春秋列國為有愧矣","國語魯飢臧文仲言於莊公曰夫為四鄰之援結諸侯之信重之以昏姻申之以盟誓固國之艱急是為鑄名器藏寳財固民之殄病是待今國病矣君盍以名器請糴於齊於是以鬯圭玉磬如齊告糴曰不腆先君之敝器敢告滯積以救敝邑","煟曰饑荒之年古人雖鬯圭玉磬皆不敢惜猶以請糴今常平義倉本備饑荒內帑之積軍旅之外本支凶年若吝而不發誠未考古耳","僖十二年冬晉荐饑使乞糴於秦百里奚曰天災流行國家代有救災恤鄰道也行道有福秦於是輸粟於晉自雍及絳相繼命之曰泛舟之役僖十四年秦飢乞糴於晉晉人不與僖十五年晉侯及秦伯戰於韓獲晉侯傳雲晉飢秦輸之粟秦飢晉閉之糴故秦伯伐晉","煟曰春秋於諸侯無書獲之例而經書曰獲晉侯貶絶之也春秋之世王道不絶如線一閉糴而聖人誅之本朝列聖視民如傷屢降詔旨不許諸路遏糴坐以違制而邇來官司各專其民輒違上意此皆講求未至耳","僖二十一年夏大旱欲焚巫尫臧文仲曰非旱備也修城郭貶食省用務穡勸分有無相濟此其務也","煟曰有無相濟真救荒之良法今州縣各私其民官司各私其職莫肯通融異縣貯儲不恤鄰邑哀哉","春秋之時鄭飢未及麥民病子皮餼國人粟戶一鍾是以得鄭國之民故罕氏世掌國政以為上卿宋飢司城子罕出公粟以貸使大夫皆貸司城氏貸而不書宋無飢人晉叔向聞之曰鄭之罕宋之樂二者其皆得國乎","煟曰子皮子罕為二國之卿固與宰天下者大相逺不知其惠之所及者能幾而天之佑善罕氏遂世掌國政於鄭樂氏遂有後於宋葢亦傳所謂天災流行國家代有行道有福者理必然耶","管仲相桓公通輕重之權曰歲有兇穰故谷有貴賤民有餘則輕之故人君斂之以輕民不足則重之故人君散之以"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"正文","section_title":"欽定四庫全書","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-2-section-1","chapter_title":"救荒活民書","section_title":"正文","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-2-section-2","chapter_title":"救荒活民書","section_title":"提要","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-2-section-3","chapter_title":"救荒活民書","section_title":"●救荒活民書原序","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-2-section-4","chapter_title":"救荒活民書","section_title":"救荒活民書原序","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-3-section-1","chapter_title":"欽定四庫全書","section_title":"救荒活民書卷上","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 正文\n## 欽定四庫全書\n史部十三\n# 救荒活民書\n政書類三\n邦計之屬\n## 提要\n臣等謹案救荒活民書三卷宋董煟撰煟字季興鄱陽人紹熙五年進士嘗知瑞安縣是書前有自序謂上卷考古以證今中卷條陳救荒之策下卷備述本朝名臣賢士之所議論施行可為法戒者書中所敘如以常平為始自隋義倉為始自唐太宗皆不能逺考本原然其載常平粟米之數固隋書所未及志也其宋代蠲免優恤之典載在宋史紀志及文獻通考續通鑑長編者此撮其大要不過得十之二三而當時利弊言之頗悉實足補宋志之缺勸分亦宋之政令史所失載而此書有焉他若減租代種淳熙恤災令格皆可為史氏拾遺而宋代名臣救荒善政亦多堪與本傳相叅證猶古書中之有禆實用者也\n乾隆四十五年五月恭校上\n總纂官 （臣）紀昀 （臣）陸錫熊 （臣）孫士毅\n總校官 （臣）陸費墀\n## ●救荒活民書原序\n臣聞水旱霜蝗之變何世無之然救荒無術則民有流離餓莩轉死溝壑之患臣不才幼嘗竊慕先朝冨弼活河朔饑民五十餘萬私心以為賢於中書二十四考遠矣困處閭閻熟覩民間利病與夫州縣施行之善否心口相誓異時獲預從政願少攄活民之志於是編次厯代荒政釐為三捲上卷考古以證今中卷條陳今日救荒之策下卷則備述本朝名臣賢士之所議論施行可鑑可戒可為矜式者以備緩急觀覽名曰救荒活民書然半生竒蹇晚叨一第而憂患薫心齒髪疎落深恐蒲栁之資不任風雪則臣之素志無由獲伸謹繕寫進呈伏望聖慈萬幾餘閒俯賜乙夜之覽儻或可備採擇乞賜睿旨頒行州縣庻几上助九重惠澤黎元之萬一雲臣誠惶誠恐頓首頓首從政郎臣董煟上進\n## 救荒活民書原序\n# 欽定四庫全書\n## 救荒活民書卷上\n（宋）董煟 撰\n帝曰棄黎民阻飢汝后稷播時百糓禹曰洪水滔天浩浩懐山襄陵下民昏墊予乗四載隨山刋木暨益奏庶鮮食予決九川距四海浚畎澮距川曁稷播奏庶艱食鮮食懋遷有無化居烝民乃粒萬邦作乂\n煟曰唐虞之時國用尚簡上之人取於民者甚少凡山澤之利盡在於民故當阻飢之際特使通融有無而已今世民困財竭則通融有無須上之人有以考之然規模淺陋者猶滯於一隅殊失唐虞懋遷之意\n湯旱而禱曰政不節歟使民疾歟何以不雨而至斯極也宮室崇歟婦謁盛歟何以不雨而至斯極也苞苴行歟讒夫昌歟何以不雨而至斯極也\n煟曰公孫弘以湯之旱為桀之餘烈遂有以啟武帝之玩心大抵天變如父母之震怒為人子者知其雖非在已亦當恐懼敬事以得父母之歡心成湯聖人平時豈有此六事然必一一以為言者所以見其敬天之至也況未至成湯者可不自責哉\n大司徒以荒政十有二聚萬民一曰散利二曰薄徵三曰緩刑四曰弛力五曰舍禁六曰去幾【闗市不譏也】七曰眚禮【凶荒殺禮】八曰殺哀九曰蕃樂【蕃讀為藩謂閉蔵樂器而不作】十曰多昏十有一曰索鬼神【求廢祀而修之也】十有二曰除盜賊\n煟曰周禮救荒以散利薄徵居其首今之郡縣專促辦財賦而諱言災傷州縣之官有抑民吿訴者檢視之官有不敢保明分數者非不識古人活民之意顧亦迫於諸司之徵榷有所不暇計慮耳然以生民社稷為念者忍無策以處之\n大荒大札則令邦國移民通財舍禁弛力薄徵緩刑\n煟曰謹按注云大荒大凶年也大札大疾疫也移民者闢災就賤也其有守不可移者則輸之穀梁王移民粟之舉正得周禮救荒之遺意而孟子不取者非不取夫此也特譏其平居無事不能行仁政徒知罪歲而已耳\n遺人掌邦之委積以待施惠鄉里之委積以恤囏厄門闗之委積以養老孤郊裡之委積以待賓客野鄙之委積以待羇旅縣都之委積以待凶荒\n煟曰今之義倉誠得遺人委積之遺意然散貯於鄉里郊野縣都之間故所及者均遍比年義倉專輸之州縣一有兇歉村落不能遍及矣今有仁人在上安保其無復仿此意而行之者乎\n國無九年之蓄曰不足無六年之蓄曰急無三年之蓄曰國非其國也三年耕必有一年之食九年耕必有三年之食以三十年之通雖有兇旱水溢民無菜色然後天子食日舉以樂\n煟曰古稱九年之蓄者蓋率土臣民通為之計固非獨豐廩庾而已後代失典籍備慮之意忘先王子愛之心所蓄糧儲惟計廩庾不知國富民貧其禍尤速今州縣有常平倉有義倉朝廷諸路又有封樁米斛至於大軍倉豐儲倉州倉縣倉皆不與焉但賦斂繁重民間實無所蓄耳然官之所蓄又各有司存而不敢發馴致積為埃塵盍亦講求古人凶年通財之義乎\n宣王承厲王之烈內有撥亂之志遇烖而懼側身修行欲銷去之詩曰天降喪亂饑饉薦臻靡神不舉靡愛斯牲又曰靡人不周無不能止\n煟曰靡神不舉靡愛斯牲說者謂慰安人心然山川禱祠從古有之亦見古人憂畏之切至於靡人不周無不能止自非當時有實惠及民安能如是\n月令季春之月天子佈德行惠命有司發倉廩賜貧窮賑乏絶\n煟曰古人賑給多在季春之月蓋蠶麥未登正宜行惠非特饑荒之時方行賑濟而已\n隱六年京師來告飢公為之請糴於宋衛齊鄭禮也莊二十八年冬飢臧孫辰告糴於齊禮也\n煟曰春秋之時諸侯竊地專封然同盟之國猶有救患分災之義未嘗遏糴也今之郡縣不知本原但不容米下河出界回視春秋列國為有愧矣\n國語魯飢臧文仲言於莊公曰夫為四鄰之援結諸侯之信重之以昏姻申之以盟誓固國之艱急是為鑄名器藏寳財固民之殄病是待今國病矣君盍以名器請糴於齊於是以鬯圭玉磬如齊告糴曰不腆先君之敝器敢告滯積以救敝邑\n煟曰饑荒之年古人雖鬯圭玉磬皆不敢惜猶以請糴今常平義倉本備饑荒內帑之積軍旅之外本支凶年若吝而不發誠未考古耳\n僖十二年冬晉荐饑使乞糴於秦百里奚曰天災流行國家代有救災恤鄰道也行道有福秦於是輸粟於晉自雍及絳相繼命之曰泛舟之役僖十四年秦飢乞糴於晉晉人不與僖十五年晉侯及秦伯戰於韓獲晉侯傳雲晉飢秦輸之粟秦飢晉閉之糴故秦伯伐晉\n煟曰春秋於諸侯無書獲之例而經書曰獲晉侯貶絶之也春秋之世王道不絶如線一閉糴而聖人誅之本朝列聖視民如傷屢降詔旨不許諸路遏糴坐以違制而邇來官司各專其民輒違上意此皆講求未至耳\n僖二十一年夏大旱欲焚巫尫臧文仲曰非旱備也修城郭貶食省用務穡勸分有無相濟此其務也\n煟曰有無相濟真救荒之良法今州縣各私其民官司各私其職莫肯通融異縣貯儲不恤鄰邑哀哉\n春秋之時鄭飢未及麥民病子皮餼國人粟戶一鍾是以得鄭國之民故罕氏世掌國政以為上卿宋飢司城子罕出公粟以貸使大夫皆貸司城氏貸而不書宋無飢人晉叔向聞之曰鄭之罕宋之樂二者其皆得國乎\n煟曰子皮子罕為二國之卿固與宰天下者大相逺不知其惠之所及者能幾而天之佑善罕氏遂世掌國政於鄭樂氏遂有後於宋葢亦傳所謂天災流行國家代有行道有福者理必然耶\n管仲相桓公通輕重之權曰歲有兇穰故谷有貴賤民有餘則輕之故人君斂之以輕民不足則重之故人君散之以","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}