{"resource_id":6865,"title":"平平言","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"平平言　　（清）方大湜 著","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"●目錄","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"序","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","title":"凡例","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","title":"卷一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","title":"卷二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","title":"卷三","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","title":"卷四","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","title":"跋","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","title":"●序","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","title":"序","paragraphs":["嗚呼吏治之在今日不可言矣抑豈盡人之不仁蓋亦有由於不學者焉不學故不知萬物之與我為一體無精神氣脈以流貫於其閒而又識不足以察民之情術不足以衛民之命惛然貿然木偶而被冠裳而環伺其側者乃爭假竊神威以攫牲牢民生幾何而不蹙也然則士大夫飽食嬉遨廢書不觀之日即小民銜冤負痛救死不贍之時不學之禍何其甚哉何其甚哉吾邑方菊人都轉先生自為諸生即耆讀有用書及官知縣出所學以設施廣濟襄陽稱道吾父母不衰迄今二十餘年矣而先生雖屢典大郡顧追念牧令所以及民者不能以須臾忘公餘之暇屑屑勤勤嘗上稽經史旁摭群書近證時事條分而件系之發前人所未發洪纖鉅細靡不畢具其謀吾民真如慈母之哺孩於懷而時其飢飽燥溼焉者既成若干卷題其編曰平平言平平言者猶言無甚高論蓋謙詞云爾雖然禹之治洪水也注諸海而已周公之治猛獸也放之菹而已順其性使復其所非有奇功異績也彼民亦平人耳雖情偽萬變不至若洪水猛獸之難治舍是平平者將操何術以馭之哉貴墀受而卒業亟復於先生曰今之百工技藝皆賴師以教之學也獨至為官則舉世中下之姿鹹以生知自處豈真視為官易於百工技藝狃於積習恥於相下而臨其上者亦不克師道自居本諸躬行以訓厲而申儆之也今欲奪天下帖括之學使豫習夫民事其勢誠有不能無已則仕而學乎學焉而書浩以博義窈而深仕者不且望洋而嘆日不暇給乎吾欲刋是編萬本流行海內俾一開卷而知官之難為與其所以能為者一牧令學之則一州縣受其福十牧令學之則十州縣受其福視彼秘為治譜以利子孫者其公私相去何啻北胡之與南越耶生民之害亟矣有心者被髮纓冠而往救之猶懼不及也是編之刻烏可一日緩哉光緒四年孟春杜貴墀謹序"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","title":"續序","paragraphs":["貴墀序菊人都轉先生所著平平言大旨謂古昔吏治之盛原本學術今既不能奪天下帖括之學豫習民事而及仕而學書浩以博又窘於力而迫於時意欲刋布是編俾仕者開卷得師庶幾民受其福先生讀竟謂貴墀子非知吾心者夫吾何暇言著書居官久習知所宜法戒嘗私述焉以示子弟口不勝述又易忘也隨其記憶所及而筆錄焉鱗次櫛比積若干卷藏以待吾家之士而欲官者令講習於平日幸無重得罪百姓墜吾中丞公累世之家聲云爾夫謂人不吾若而必待詔告既非所以處人稍有一二知識勇於自信而亟於示人又非所以自處子之為吾謀柰何若是貴墀曰然哉謹受教夫自科舉肇興父兄之誨子弟惟斤斤焉弊精疲神求符有司之尺寸猝膺民社所習與所用齟齬不合子羔尹何甚者禍其國以及其家記曰宵雅肄三官其始也言以居官之道望之入學之始也又曰良弓之子善為箕良冶之子善為裘言箕可漸進於弓裘可漸進於冶也今先生既知子弟所宜學而又以素所學者躬行而漸導之後嗣之繼軌循良不蓍蔡而可決雖然吾子弟之眾不若人各有其子弟之眾也吾教吾子弟而利民溥不若人各教其子弟之利民溥也世未有不可用以教人子弟而顧用以教吾子弟者即未有可用以教吾子弟而不可用以教人子弟者古人家訓家範諸書皆教子弟之私言也天下至今誦之然則是編也先生不欲其傳又烏能禁使不傳哉先生前曰子必思所以益吾書者愧無以應則仍申前序之請蓋非貴墀一人之私言而凡有心斯民者之公言也先生其謂之何"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-12","title":"序","paragraphs":["州縣為親民之官為一州則一州之民生所屬為一縣則一縣之民生所屬事事裁決精當而後上之道府達於院司故州縣之權重於大吏其才由此見其學亦由此可行而今日之吏治不概見者出仕之先從事帖括未遑諳練民事一行作吏往往以奉行文法為賢以句稽條會為能甚者則又以趨走承順為勤勞職事於民生得失之故與夫人心風俗之本概非所措意宜其難也嶽州方君菊人由州縣起家政績卓然初於楚北迭膺保薦屢典大郡其後洊至晉藩餘久聞其循聲而猶未知其學之所至何若今杜仲丹孝廉極道方伯曩多善政清勤可法並出其所著平平言六卷皆為牧令時所身體而力行者餘覽其言細而不苛慈而有斷而尤於民生之休慼民命之出入三致意焉杜君客於其幕久親見其政績非託於空言者比餘維學與治非二事三代而下吏治以漢為最漢法初試為吏再遷為守令非徒通習法律而已為能精求天下之事下可為偱吏上可為名臣方伯為諸生即耆讀有用書故作州縣立言親切如此其謂經史外宜兼讀國朝先正書又曰作官本讀書人分內事旨哉是言願凡為牧令者味其言可也方伯自謂平平無甚高論實與劉公衡庸吏庸言同意居官能於平庸者實力行之漸漬人心蒸成風俗熙熙然皞皞然仰希三代不難書雲王道平平殆基此乎古人謂不朽有三立德立功立言方伯不以立言自許誠使後之牧令群焉則而效之於地方隨事留心則民之受其賜者正復何限其功德且與言俱不朽也至鄉里閒義田義塾靡不慨然佽助以導善斯即教養之經端自近始亦可見其志矣爰樂綴數語於編與仲丹孝廉共質之光緒十三年秋七月真州卞寶第序"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-13","title":"序","paragraphs":["天下之治亂系乎民民之治亂系乎牧令蓋牧令者親民之官官不能治民則民之疾苦日甚天下所由多事也閒嘗就今之牧令言之其貪殘猥鄙者無論己即有擅能吏之譽者又或任氣而狃於偏或好名而習於詭偏則律人以就己詭則飾公以便私至問以民事之利害民訟之是非與民情之好惡仍貿然無所會於心幸而敷衍及瓜不以為過且以為才嗟嗟此豈朝廷設官治民之意哉實由入仕之初不過求溫飽博顯榮原未曾讀吏治書略存心於民莫一旦銅符在手如瞽人之行路茫然無怪乎假任氣好名之舉以自飾其闇陋也巴陵方菊人方伯以諸生佐胡文忠軍餘得與共事相與談當世之務每慨然曰今天下不治民亂日興豈民心之好亂哉亦治民者之無道耳即如某事宜興某事宜革某事宜補救為笶令者果能各盡乃心以治民而民皆得所天下烏得而不治耶餘心服其言及官吾鄂厯宰繁劇舉凡興利除弊與民休息之事釐然具舉餘於是時知方伯之有以展素抱而踐前言後此之任監司陳臬事綰藩條無非以自為牧令之道責諸牧令而已今方作已歸道山其同邑杜仲丹先生出所譔平平言六捲來徵序湘良受而讀之如當年抵掌戎幕時因恍然於治民之道不在奇能異術也如齊家然庸行必本諸身如用兵然勝算必操諸己民非難治特慮治民者之漫不加意耳治疾之醫探源而與為利導伐柯之匠觀則而即得準繩假使為牧令者能師方伯將見一省行之而一省之民治各省行之而各省之民治然則是書之有功於天下也豈真平平哉光緒十三年秋七月蒲圻但湘良謹序"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-14","title":"●平平言凡例","paragraphs":["一是編專言吏治吏之為治不止州縣而州縣親民一州一縣得人則一州一縣治天下州縣得人則天下治督撫藩臬道府不過以整飭州縣之治為治而已故獨詳於州縣","一"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"平平言　　（清）方大湜 著","section_title":"●目錄","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"平平言　　（清）方大湜 著","section_title":"序","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","chapter_title":"平平言　　（清）方大湜 著","section_title":"凡例","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","chapter_title":"平平言　　（清）方大湜 著","section_title":"卷一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","chapter_title":"平平言　　（清）方大湜 著","section_title":"卷二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","chapter_title":"平平言　　（清）方大湜 著","section_title":"卷三","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","chapter_title":"平平言　　（清）方大湜 著","section_title":"卷四","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","chapter_title":"平平言　　（清）方大湜 著","section_title":"跋","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","chapter_title":"平平言　　（清）方大湜 著","section_title":"●序","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","chapter_title":"平平言　　（清）方大湜 著","section_title":"序","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","chapter_title":"平平言　　（清）方大湜 著","section_title":"續序","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-12","chapter_title":"平平言　　（清）方大湜 著","section_title":"序","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-13","chapter_title":"平平言　　（清）方大湜 著","section_title":"序","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-14","chapter_title":"平平言　　（清）方大湜 著","section_title":"●平平言凡例","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 平平言　　（清）方大湜 著\n## ●目錄\n## 序\n## 凡例\n## 卷一\n## 卷二\n## 卷三\n## 卷四\n## 跋\n## ●序\n## 序\n嗚呼吏治之在今日不可言矣抑豈盡人之不仁蓋亦有由於不學者焉不學故不知萬物之與我為一體無精神氣脈以流貫於其閒而又識不足以察民之情術不足以衛民之命惛然貿然木偶而被冠裳而環伺其側者乃爭假竊神威以攫牲牢民生幾何而不蹙也然則士大夫飽食嬉遨廢書不觀之日即小民銜冤負痛救死不贍之時不學之禍何其甚哉何其甚哉吾邑方菊人都轉先生自為諸生即耆讀有用書及官知縣出所學以設施廣濟襄陽稱道吾父母不衰迄今二十餘年矣而先生雖屢典大郡顧追念牧令所以及民者不能以須臾忘公餘之暇屑屑勤勤嘗上稽經史旁摭群書近證時事條分而件系之發前人所未發洪纖鉅細靡不畢具其謀吾民真如慈母之哺孩於懷而時其飢飽燥溼焉者既成若干卷題其編曰平平言平平言者猶言無甚高論蓋謙詞云爾雖然禹之治洪水也注諸海而已周公之治猛獸也放之菹而已順其性使復其所非有奇功異績也彼民亦平人耳雖情偽萬變不至若洪水猛獸之難治舍是平平者將操何術以馭之哉貴墀受而卒業亟復於先生曰今之百工技藝皆賴師以教之學也獨至為官則舉世中下之姿鹹以生知自處豈真視為官易於百工技藝狃於積習恥於相下而臨其上者亦不克師道自居本諸躬行以訓厲而申儆之也今欲奪天下帖括之學使豫習夫民事其勢誠有不能無已則仕而學乎學焉而書浩以博義窈而深仕者不且望洋而嘆日不暇給乎吾欲刋是編萬本流行海內俾一開卷而知官之難為與其所以能為者一牧令學之則一州縣受其福十牧令學之則十州縣受其福視彼秘為治譜以利子孫者其公私相去何啻北胡之與南越耶生民之害亟矣有心者被髮纓冠而往救之猶懼不及也是編之刻烏可一日緩哉光緒四年孟春杜貴墀謹序\n## 續序\n貴墀序菊人都轉先生所著平平言大旨謂古昔吏治之盛原本學術今既不能奪天下帖括之學豫習民事而及仕而學書浩以博又窘於力而迫於時意欲刋布是編俾仕者開卷得師庶幾民受其福先生讀竟謂貴墀子非知吾心者夫吾何暇言著書居官久習知所宜法戒嘗私述焉以示子弟口不勝述又易忘也隨其記憶所及而筆錄焉鱗次櫛比積若干卷藏以待吾家之士而欲官者令講習於平日幸無重得罪百姓墜吾中丞公累世之家聲云爾夫謂人不吾若而必待詔告既非所以處人稍有一二知識勇於自信而亟於示人又非所以自處子之為吾謀柰何若是貴墀曰然哉謹受教夫自科舉肇興父兄之誨子弟惟斤斤焉弊精疲神求符有司之尺寸猝膺民社所習與所用齟齬不合子羔尹何甚者禍其國以及其家記曰宵雅肄三官其始也言以居官之道望之入學之始也又曰良弓之子善為箕良冶之子善為裘言箕可漸進於弓裘可漸進於冶也今先生既知子弟所宜學而又以素所學者躬行而漸導之後嗣之繼軌循良不蓍蔡而可決雖然吾子弟之眾不若人各有其子弟之眾也吾教吾子弟而利民溥不若人各教其子弟之利民溥也世未有不可用以教人子弟而顧用以教吾子弟者即未有可用以教吾子弟而不可用以教人子弟者古人家訓家範諸書皆教子弟之私言也天下至今誦之然則是編也先生不欲其傳又烏能禁使不傳哉先生前曰子必思所以益吾書者愧無以應則仍申前序之請蓋非貴墀一人之私言而凡有心斯民者之公言也先生其謂之何\n## 序\n州縣為親民之官為一州則一州之民生所屬為一縣則一縣之民生所屬事事裁決精當而後上之道府達於院司故州縣之權重於大吏其才由此見其學亦由此可行而今日之吏治不概見者出仕之先從事帖括未遑諳練民事一行作吏往往以奉行文法為賢以句稽條會為能甚者則又以趨走承順為勤勞職事於民生得失之故與夫人心風俗之本概非所措意宜其難也嶽州方君菊人由州縣起家政績卓然初於楚北迭膺保薦屢典大郡其後洊至晉藩餘久聞其循聲而猶未知其學之所至何若今杜仲丹孝廉極道方伯曩多善政清勤可法並出其所著平平言六卷皆為牧令時所身體而力行者餘覽其言細而不苛慈而有斷而尤於民生之休慼民命之出入三致意焉杜君客於其幕久親見其政績非託於空言者比餘維學與治非二事三代而下吏治以漢為最漢法初試為吏再遷為守令非徒通習法律而已為能精求天下之事下可為偱吏上可為名臣方伯為諸生即耆讀有用書故作州縣立言親切如此其謂經史外宜兼讀國朝先正書又曰作官本讀書人分內事旨哉是言願凡為牧令者味其言可也方伯自謂平平無甚高論實與劉公衡庸吏庸言同意居官能於平庸者實力行之漸漬人心蒸成風俗熙熙然皞皞然仰希三代不難書雲王道平平殆基此乎古人謂不朽有三立德立功立言方伯不以立言自許誠使後之牧令群焉則而效之於地方隨事留心則民之受其賜者正復何限其功德且與言俱不朽也至鄉里閒義田義塾靡不慨然佽助以導善斯即教養之經端自近始亦可見其志矣爰樂綴數語於編與仲丹孝廉共質之光緒十三年秋七月真州卞寶第序\n## 序\n天下之治亂系乎民民之治亂系乎牧令蓋牧令者親民之官官不能治民則民之疾苦日甚天下所由多事也閒嘗就今之牧令言之其貪殘猥鄙者無論己即有擅能吏之譽者又或任氣而狃於偏或好名而習於詭偏則律人以就己詭則飾公以便私至問以民事之利害民訟之是非與民情之好惡仍貿然無所會於心幸而敷衍及瓜不以為過且以為才嗟嗟此豈朝廷設官治民之意哉實由入仕之初不過求溫飽博顯榮原未曾讀吏治書略存心於民莫一旦銅符在手如瞽人之行路茫然無怪乎假任氣好名之舉以自飾其闇陋也巴陵方菊人方伯以諸生佐胡文忠軍餘得與共事相與談當世之務每慨然曰今天下不治民亂日興豈民心之好亂哉亦治民者之無道耳即如某事宜興某事宜革某事宜補救為笶令者果能各盡乃心以治民而民皆得所天下烏得而不治耶餘心服其言及官吾鄂厯宰繁劇舉凡興利除弊與民休息之事釐然具舉餘於是時知方伯之有以展素抱而踐前言後此之任監司陳臬事綰藩條無非以自為牧令之道責諸牧令而已今方作已歸道山其同邑杜仲丹先生出所譔平平言六捲來徵序湘良受而讀之如當年抵掌戎幕時因恍然於治民之道不在奇能異術也如齊家然庸行必本諸身如用兵然勝算必操諸己民非難治特慮治民者之漫不加意耳治疾之醫探源而與為利導伐柯之匠觀則而即得準繩假使為牧令者能師方伯將見一省行之而一省之民治各省行之而各省之民治然則是書之有功於天下也豈真平平哉光緒十三年秋七月蒲圻但湘良謹序\n## ●平平言凡例\n一是編專言吏治吏之為治不止州縣而州縣親民一州一縣得人則一州一縣治天下州縣得人則天下治督撫藩臬道府不過以整飭州縣之治為治而已故獨詳於州縣\n一","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}