{"resource_id":6847,"title":"学治臆说","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"學治臆說　　（清）汪輝祖 纂","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"●目錄","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"序","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","title":"捲上","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","title":"卷下","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","title":"●重刻汪龍莊先生遺書序","paragraphs":["龍莊先生學治一書居官與幕者皆宜日覽　吳仲宣制軍為漕督時曾為刊刻自□節川中攜板以行清淮之間此書遂日以少餘以承□北鹺□浦金匱楊君蓉塘以中表親屬襄幕事約取是書互相砥礪雖其言愧未能行而藉以儆惕於心□免隕越楊君念是書之有益於官與幕者非淺鮮而其板□隔刷印為難思為重刻以廣同好竊□古人居官格言不勝僂指而龍莊先生之書其□今也近其遇事也習故其為言也平易而可行親切而有味誠使為官與幕者人置一編進可以□求吏治無忝厥職退亦不失為自守而居官□幕與立身之道均在其中此楊君欲為廣傳之盛心誠不可沒也故樂與贊成之刻既成書其緣起於首同治十年歲次辛未錢塘許寶書序","昔歐陽公多教人以吏事謂文學止於潤身政事可以及物也嗣是箸述代興提要鉤元不乏深微之旨顧施之於事往往猶難盡合非法之不善也意者人之資稟不能無高下之殊而揆諸時宜亦有今昔之異與惟汪龍莊先生遺書六種以躬行心得之言發其修己安人之蘊雖論義若近庸常然而明練庶務鑑達治體莫不本之物理人情是故實可見諸施行而不流於迂滯非特為服官佐幕之準繩即吾人淑身涉世亦隨在皆當取法宜乎不脛而走為識者所共寶也自庚申辛酉江浙迭遭兵燹篇籍多罹虐焰是書亦散軼無存盱眙吳公於辛酉冬督漕淮浦首取是書敘而刊行期與寮屬相勖勉一時吏治蒸蒸向風意甚善也未幾擢任閩疆板亦攜歸皖省坊肆印本無多即間有存者類皆居為奇貨購置匪易是不惟無以副學者之求抑與吳公刊行之意不幾重相違耶餘適客遊袁浦謀欲另梓成帙以公同志於是詳校全書正訛訂悞集資重付棗梨開雕於辛未季春畢工於仲秋凡六閱月而蕆事因記其緣起如此"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","title":"同治十年歲在辛未八月既望梁溪楊紹祖蓉塘甫序","paragraphs":["餘自道州引疾蒙諐僑居長沙幾三十旬同官之至省者識與不識多叨過訪閒以吏事商榷男繼培繼壕竊錄所聞積久成袠比還里門婣友將謁選人輒來問塗長男繼坊又隨聽而隨錄之長夏無事三男各奉所錄以請曰大人向著佐治藥言為學幕者言之今言吏之為治有非藥言可該者盍寫定版行以申藥言之蘊嗟乎小子休矣餘不善為吏即於廢棄而欲為善為吏者言治幾何不南轅而北轍也坊培壕請不已因思餘之佐治實戇且拙而藥言六十餘則過為師友許可其諸言有一得不以人廢乎遂取所錄手為別擇汰其復於藥言者存其可與藥言互參者區分條目得一百二十四則析為二卷自維佐治三十年稔知吏不易為身親為之懍懍慄慄切墨引繩惟恐小踰尺寸庸莫甚焉然區區求治之悃可盟天日也夫天下者州縣之所積也為之令牧者人人各盡其職不虧帑不虐民黎庶乂安府廩充實安在不可仰副聖天子勤民之睿慮於萬一哉自州縣上至督撫大吏為國家布治者職孔庶矣然親民之治實惟州縣州縣而上皆以整飭州縣之治為治而已餘曩佐州縣吏而自為亦止州縣先後商治者大率吏州縣之人餘之所知州縣治耳故就數十年目見耳聞憑臆以說止於州縣之治且止於州縣常行之治他如水利荒政治之未親厯者不妄言郵驛工程治之有專條者不贅言言其常不敢及其變言其經不敢通其權繁雜碎瑣詞意淺顯學治者或當節取焉神明於治者非餘所能知非餘所能言也詮次既定題其端曰學治臆說進坊培壕告之曰小子異日皆有為治之責者也遇不遇天也非人所能為也人所能為者治而已矣盡其所以為治不遇何傷離乎治以求遇是詭也志趣不正將事上接下無一而可昧守身之要必貽毒子孫違先人訓誡幸而遇重為有識者所鄙況於不遇失己之悔庸可逭乎夫天下無不可為之治亦無不可為治之人治術之不修急於遇者誤之惟不志在速遷循循然以稱職是蘄則知州縣之所以為治即知所以整飭州縣之治而州縣無一不治小子識之有婣友筮仕者持此與藥言並贈倘亦古者贈人以言之義歟善為吏者未必一無異說則請不以臆對而剿先民之說以應曰人意之不同如其面焉吾豈敢謂吾意盡如人意也哉乾隆五十八年六月己卯蕭山汪輝祖書於環碧山房"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","title":"●學治臆說捲上","paragraphs":["蕭山汪輝祖煥曾纂","盡心","官幕異勢","志趣宜正","自立在將入仕時","訪延賢友","得賢友不易","幕賓不可易視","擇友之道","宜習練公事","勿濫收長隨","濫收長隨之弊","用長隨之道","用人不可自恃","勿令幕友長隨為債主","受代須從忠厚","勿受書吏陋規","事上","上官用人非一格","憲眷不可恃","要人不可為","私人尤不可為","職不可戀","恩不可希","遷調非不可居","勿躁進","勿喜功","知己難得","稟揭宜委曲顯明","欲盡吏職非久任不可","簡僻地易盡職","和營伍","待寮屬","禮士","宜辨士品","解土音之法","初任須體問風俗","察事之法","發覺地棍勿使知所自來","治以親民為要","親民在聽訟","婣族互訐毋輕笞撻","犯系兇橫仍宜究懲","治獄以色聽為先","聽訟宜靜","未得犯罪真情難成信讞","要案更不宜刑求","非刑斷不可用","據筆跡斷訟者宜加意","斷案不如息案","尋常訟案不宜輕率申詳","憲案可結不妨訊報","與民期約不可失信","審案貴結","勘丈宜確","票差宜省","公呈不可輕準","告示宜簡明","得民在去弊","民氣宜靜","退堂時不可草率","堂事簿不可不設","事至勿忙","官須自做","○盡心","餘言佐治以盡心為本況身親為治乎心之不盡治於何有第其難視佐治尤甚蓋佐治者就事論事盡心於應辦之事即可無負所司為治者名為知縣知州須週一縣一州而知之有一未知雖欲盡心而不能受其治者稱曰父母官其於百姓之事非如父母之計兒女曲折周到終為負官終為負心","○官幕異勢","官以利民省事為心非有異於幕也然幕據理法心可徑行官兼情勢心難直遂民之情可以愬官而官往往不易轉達於上官訥於口者不能盡吾所言怵於威者又恐逢彼之怒畧涉瞻徇便多遷就此處能於心無負方見平日立身功效","○志趣宜正","服官一也而所以服官之心不必盡同有急於幹進者有安於守分者幹進者易躁未嘗不進而或以才情掛累守分者近庸果能盡分亦終以資格遷除此其中有命焉非人之所為也一念之差百身莫贖故志趣不可不正","○自立在將入仕時","志趣之正全在將入仕時號稱選官輒以裘馬自衒貰寓宅假子錢皆將取償官中到任之日勢不能自潔輾轉惑溺不至敗壞名節不止諺曰一著錯滿盤輸發軔之初何可不慎","○訪延賢友","有司之職禮士勤民迎來送往謁上官接寮屬日有應理公事簿書陵雜雖能者亦須借佽幕友況省例不同俗尚各別惟習其土者知之故到省先宜諮訪賢友聘請入幕同寅推薦不宜濫許上官情勢有必不可卻者寧如數贈修隆以賓禮勿輕信妄任馴致誤事","○得賢友不易","嗟乎幕道難言矣往餘年二十二三初習幕學其時司刑名錢穀者儼然以賓師自處自曉至暮常據几案治文書無博奕之娛無應酬之費遇公事援引律義反覆辨論閒遇上官駁飭亦能自申其說為之主者敬事惟命禮貌衰論議忤"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"學治臆說　　（清）汪輝祖 纂","section_title":"●目錄","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"學治臆說　　（清）汪輝祖 纂","section_title":"序","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","chapter_title":"學治臆說　　（清）汪輝祖 纂","section_title":"捲上","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","chapter_title":"學治臆說　　（清）汪輝祖 纂","section_title":"卷下","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","chapter_title":"學治臆說　　（清）汪輝祖 纂","section_title":"●重刻汪龍莊先生遺書序","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","chapter_title":"學治臆說　　（清）汪輝祖 纂","section_title":"同治十年歲在辛未八月既望梁溪楊紹祖蓉塘甫序","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","chapter_title":"學治臆說　　（清）汪輝祖 纂","section_title":"●學治臆說捲上","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 學治臆說　　（清）汪輝祖 纂\n## ●目錄\n## 序\n## 捲上\n## 卷下\n## ●重刻汪龍莊先生遺書序\n龍莊先生學治一書居官與幕者皆宜日覽　吳仲宣制軍為漕督時曾為刊刻自□節川中攜板以行清淮之間此書遂日以少餘以承□北鹺□浦金匱楊君蓉塘以中表親屬襄幕事約取是書互相砥礪雖其言愧未能行而藉以儆惕於心□免隕越楊君念是書之有益於官與幕者非淺鮮而其板□隔刷印為難思為重刻以廣同好竊□古人居官格言不勝僂指而龍莊先生之書其□今也近其遇事也習故其為言也平易而可行親切而有味誠使為官與幕者人置一編進可以□求吏治無忝厥職退亦不失為自守而居官□幕與立身之道均在其中此楊君欲為廣傳之盛心誠不可沒也故樂與贊成之刻既成書其緣起於首同治十年歲次辛未錢塘許寶書序\n昔歐陽公多教人以吏事謂文學止於潤身政事可以及物也嗣是箸述代興提要鉤元不乏深微之旨顧施之於事往往猶難盡合非法之不善也意者人之資稟不能無高下之殊而揆諸時宜亦有今昔之異與惟汪龍莊先生遺書六種以躬行心得之言發其修己安人之蘊雖論義若近庸常然而明練庶務鑑達治體莫不本之物理人情是故實可見諸施行而不流於迂滯非特為服官佐幕之準繩即吾人淑身涉世亦隨在皆當取法宜乎不脛而走為識者所共寶也自庚申辛酉江浙迭遭兵燹篇籍多罹虐焰是書亦散軼無存盱眙吳公於辛酉冬督漕淮浦首取是書敘而刊行期與寮屬相勖勉一時吏治蒸蒸向風意甚善也未幾擢任閩疆板亦攜歸皖省坊肆印本無多即間有存者類皆居為奇貨購置匪易是不惟無以副學者之求抑與吳公刊行之意不幾重相違耶餘適客遊袁浦謀欲另梓成帙以公同志於是詳校全書正訛訂悞集資重付棗梨開雕於辛未季春畢工於仲秋凡六閱月而蕆事因記其緣起如此\n## 同治十年歲在辛未八月既望梁溪楊紹祖蓉塘甫序\n餘自道州引疾蒙諐僑居長沙幾三十旬同官之至省者識與不識多叨過訪閒以吏事商榷男繼培繼壕竊錄所聞積久成袠比還里門婣友將謁選人輒來問塗長男繼坊又隨聽而隨錄之長夏無事三男各奉所錄以請曰大人向著佐治藥言為學幕者言之今言吏之為治有非藥言可該者盍寫定版行以申藥言之蘊嗟乎小子休矣餘不善為吏即於廢棄而欲為善為吏者言治幾何不南轅而北轍也坊培壕請不已因思餘之佐治實戇且拙而藥言六十餘則過為師友許可其諸言有一得不以人廢乎遂取所錄手為別擇汰其復於藥言者存其可與藥言互參者區分條目得一百二十四則析為二卷自維佐治三十年稔知吏不易為身親為之懍懍慄慄切墨引繩惟恐小踰尺寸庸莫甚焉然區區求治之悃可盟天日也夫天下者州縣之所積也為之令牧者人人各盡其職不虧帑不虐民黎庶乂安府廩充實安在不可仰副聖天子勤民之睿慮於萬一哉自州縣上至督撫大吏為國家布治者職孔庶矣然親民之治實惟州縣州縣而上皆以整飭州縣之治為治而已餘曩佐州縣吏而自為亦止州縣先後商治者大率吏州縣之人餘之所知州縣治耳故就數十年目見耳聞憑臆以說止於州縣之治且止於州縣常行之治他如水利荒政治之未親厯者不妄言郵驛工程治之有專條者不贅言言其常不敢及其變言其經不敢通其權繁雜碎瑣詞意淺顯學治者或當節取焉神明於治者非餘所能知非餘所能言也詮次既定題其端曰學治臆說進坊培壕告之曰小子異日皆有為治之責者也遇不遇天也非人所能為也人所能為者治而已矣盡其所以為治不遇何傷離乎治以求遇是詭也志趣不正將事上接下無一而可昧守身之要必貽毒子孫違先人訓誡幸而遇重為有識者所鄙況於不遇失己之悔庸可逭乎夫天下無不可為之治亦無不可為治之人治術之不修急於遇者誤之惟不志在速遷循循然以稱職是蘄則知州縣之所以為治即知所以整飭州縣之治而州縣無一不治小子識之有婣友筮仕者持此與藥言並贈倘亦古者贈人以言之義歟善為吏者未必一無異說則請不以臆對而剿先民之說以應曰人意之不同如其面焉吾豈敢謂吾意盡如人意也哉乾隆五十八年六月己卯蕭山汪輝祖書於環碧山房\n## ●學治臆說捲上\n蕭山汪輝祖煥曾纂\n盡心\n官幕異勢\n志趣宜正\n自立在將入仕時\n訪延賢友\n得賢友不易\n幕賓不可易視\n擇友之道\n宜習練公事\n勿濫收長隨\n濫收長隨之弊\n用長隨之道\n用人不可自恃\n勿令幕友長隨為債主\n受代須從忠厚\n勿受書吏陋規\n事上\n上官用人非一格\n憲眷不可恃\n要人不可為\n私人尤不可為\n職不可戀\n恩不可希\n遷調非不可居\n勿躁進\n勿喜功\n知己難得\n稟揭宜委曲顯明\n欲盡吏職非久任不可\n簡僻地易盡職\n和營伍\n待寮屬\n禮士\n宜辨士品\n解土音之法\n初任須體問風俗\n察事之法\n發覺地棍勿使知所自來\n治以親民為要\n親民在聽訟\n婣族互訐毋輕笞撻\n犯系兇橫仍宜究懲\n治獄以色聽為先\n聽訟宜靜\n未得犯罪真情難成信讞\n要案更不宜刑求\n非刑斷不可用\n據筆跡斷訟者宜加意\n斷案不如息案\n尋常訟案不宜輕率申詳\n憲案可結不妨訊報\n與民期約不可失信\n審案貴結\n勘丈宜確\n票差宜省\n公呈不可輕準\n告示宜簡明\n得民在去弊\n民氣宜靜\n退堂時不可草率\n堂事簿不可不設\n事至勿忙\n官須自做\n○盡心\n餘言佐治以盡心為本況身親為治乎心之不盡治於何有第其難視佐治尤甚蓋佐治者就事論事盡心於應辦之事即可無負所司為治者名為知縣知州須週一縣一州而知之有一未知雖欲盡心而不能受其治者稱曰父母官其於百姓之事非如父母之計兒女曲折周到終為負官終為負心\n○官幕異勢\n官以利民省事為心非有異於幕也然幕據理法心可徑行官兼情勢心難直遂民之情可以愬官而官往往不易轉達於上官訥於口者不能盡吾所言怵於威者又恐逢彼之怒畧涉瞻徇便多遷就此處能於心無負方見平日立身功效\n○志趣宜正\n服官一也而所以服官之心不必盡同有急於幹進者有安於守分者幹進者易躁未嘗不進而或以才情掛累守分者近庸果能盡分亦終以資格遷除此其中有命焉非人之所為也一念之差百身莫贖故志趣不可不正\n○自立在將入仕時\n志趣之正全在將入仕時號稱選官輒以裘馬自衒貰寓宅假子錢皆將取償官中到任之日勢不能自潔輾轉惑溺不至敗壞名節不止諺曰一著錯滿盤輸發軔之初何可不慎\n○訪延賢友\n有司之職禮士勤民迎來送往謁上官接寮屬日有應理公事簿書陵雜雖能者亦須借佽幕友況省例不同俗尚各別惟習其土者知之故到省先宜諮訪賢友聘請入幕同寅推薦不宜濫許上官情勢有必不可卻者寧如數贈修隆以賓禮勿輕信妄任馴致誤事\n○得賢友不易\n嗟乎幕道難言矣往餘年二十二三初習幕學其時司刑名錢穀者儼然以賓師自處自曉至暮常據几案治文書無博奕之娛無應酬之費遇公事援引律義反覆辨論閒遇上官駁飭亦能自申其說為之主者敬事惟命禮貌衰論議忤","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}