{"resource_id":6221,"title":"西夏书事","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"凡例","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"卷一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","title":"卷二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","title":"卷三","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","title":"卷四","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","title":"卷五","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","title":"卷六","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","title":"卷七","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","title":"卷八","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","title":"卷九","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","title":"卷十","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-12","title":"卷十一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-13","title":"卷十二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-14","title":"卷十三","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-15","title":"卷十四","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-16","title":"卷十五","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-17","title":"卷十六","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-18","title":"卷十七","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-19","title":"卷十八","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-20","title":"卷十九","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-21","title":"卷二十","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-22","title":"卷二十一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-23","title":"卷二十二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-24","title":"卷二十三","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-25","title":"卷二十四","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-26","title":"卷二十五","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-27","title":"卷二十六","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-28","title":"卷二十七","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-29","title":"卷二十八","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-30","title":"卷二十九","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-31","title":"卷三十","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-32","title":"卷三十一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-33","title":"卷三十二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-34","title":"卷三十三","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-35","title":"卷三十四","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-36","title":"卷三十五","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-37","title":"卷三十六","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-38","title":"卷三十七","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-39","title":"卷三十八","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-40","title":"卷三十九","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-41","title":"卷四十","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-42","title":"卷四十一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-43","title":"卷四十二","paragraphs":[]}]},{"id":"chapter-2","title":"凡例","sections":[{"id":"chapter-2-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["一、霸國有史，晉唐以來，述作紛紛，載籍極博。宋有天下幾三百年，西夏、遼、金並雄西北，而遼、金有史，夏鮮專書。緣其地連沙磧，人半羌夷。元昊自造蕃書以紀國事，國亡之後，文義莫辨，遂至掌故失傳，宋、遼、金三史有附傳而弗詳。廣成謬輯是編，雖無當於參稽，或亦可以備殘缺焉。","一、梁蕭氏方等《三十國春秋》、魏崔氏鴻《十六國春秋》、宋劉氏恕《十國紀年》等書，皆分紀列傳，體擬正史。西夏事散見諸史者，不過朝貢、攻伐數大端，即歷朝《一統志》、陝甘新舊《通志》、綏靈寧夏各州衛志，自拓跋啟疆，職方失考，終夏之世，絕少人文。蒐羅不易，紀傳為難。惟於立國之始終，傳祚之世數，以及夫朝政之理亂，主德之昏明，皆約而可稽，爰為件繫條分，綱舉目附，名之曰“書事”。","一、繼遷立國，元昊稱尊，開國承家，幾與有宋相終始。而西夏之稱，亦始於宋，則書西夏當以宋為斷。然溯契丹者大基習宇，志女真者盛始胡來。夏自思恭秉節，夏綏綿延五代，爵晉西平，擬之當時荊南、吳越諸國，無多讓也。首卷追述中和，蓋亦討本尋源之意。","一、朱子作《綱目》，凡正統未一天下，概不大書年號。明屠氏喬孫、項氏琳所訂《十六國春秋》，悉將晉、宋正統系年，蓋尊中國大一統，理固然也。李氏系出羌戎，稱臣唐宋，故自始迄終，悉以中國冠元。至元昊僭號，始書改元某年，備列年數於後。","一、《綱目》正統系年之下，分注僭國某年，所以別正偽、紀興亡也。西夏自繼遷請婚遼國，乾順受地金源，玉帛、干戈，紛紜錯雜，若不節注二國紀年，事難稽考。然俟互有關涉，方行附入，既便查核，亦免支離。    一、元托克托纂修三史，惟《金史》列傳年月稍詳，餘則敘事混朦，詮次頗難。是編分年析月悉遵三史帝紀、夏國附傳，或遵王氏《東都事略》、李氏燾《通鑑長編》及薛氏應《宋元通鑑》、商氏輅《宋元續綱目》、王氏宗沐、徐氏乾學、畢氏沅《通鑑後編》、《續通鑑》諸書，其餘稗官紀載，時日不同，亦必前後不相矛盾方始甄錄。","一、以宋、遼、金書借敘夏事，最易喧賓奪主。篇中綱主西夏，目則參引諸史，間有刪節，乃以嚴主客之辨，非敢蹈割裂之愆。","一、古史體例，一代之主必著論贊。西夏統系，絕續者三：自思恭至彝昌而一絕，自仁福至繼捧而再絕，因其尚未成君，僅附總論。若繼遷建都西平，傳德明而封夏王，至元昊而稱國主，自可即其行事，述其生平，偶附小論。餘皆仿此。","一、史以傳言，亦以傳疑。是編於宋、遼、金事稍涉西夏靡不收羅。然有時地不詳及原委莫竟者，則於分條之後，或按時、或因事另立附例，概不混書，以示疑也。","一、史各有志，如天文、地理、職官、選舉、禮樂、兵刑，別類分門，務取該備。而霸史則雜見紀傳中，以彰一朝治亂。西夏典策雲亡，其文志不少概見，因就管窺所及，略志數條，姑存梗概，簡漏之譏，知所不免。","一、王氏《西夏事略》、劉氏溫潤《西夏須知》、孫氏巽《夏國樞要》及《夏臺事蹟》諸書，言人人殊，較之正史，不無舛錯。至於前賢章奏、郡國圖經以及家乘、志銘、叢談、野說見有不同，詞多相戾，竊附己意訂正之。然必詳溯根原，藉徵確據，非敢憑空臆斷焉。","一、史文浩博，鑑體謹嚴，編輯諸家無不去復刪繁，期於簡核。夏事如爭城、爭地文略相同，賀節、賀正辭多不載，然亦正書附列，採綴靡遺，非故貪多務得，漫失剪裁，良因補罅訂亡，無敢疏略。","一、古來撰述，班固衍司馬氏之文，延壽節南、北史之要，已足自名一家。其有專事網羅，不資藍本，則亦文獻具在，任吾取攜。西夏去今，歲餘五百，舊籍流傳，率皆零繭棼絲，不入機杼，焉成經緯。書中所錄，根尋散佚，參合異同，雖然菅蒯並收，竊幸條流粗貫。後有作者，請以為盤盂之助。","一、宋元諸儒喜於論史，雖不能於聖賢作述深心吻合無間，然其講明切究亦能抉奧探微。是編文冗事雜，未免顯晦相參，竊於是非邪正之致，興亡得失之由，間綴數言，以免牾。倘博雅糾其繆而賜正之，則幸甚。","一、龍門作《史記》，班氏謂一人之精，文重思煩，其書多不齊一。矧廣成拘墟譾陋，愧乏三長。賴諸同志參考互訂，數載於茲，今幸觀厥成，謹登諸君姓氏，以見他山之助，俾益良多。"]},{"id":"chapter-2-section-2","title":"●卷一","paragraphs":["唐僖宗中和元年春三月，宥州刺史拓跋思恭起兵討賊。","拓跋思恭本黨項羌，始祖赤辭，初臣吐谷渾，可汗慕容伏允待之厚，與結婚姻。太宗時，諸羌歸順，拓跋氏不至。貞觀八年，行軍大總管李靖奉詔擊吐谷渾，赤辭屯狼道峽抗王師。廓州刺史久且洛生遣使諭以禍福，辭曰：“渾主以腹心待我，不知其他，若速去，無汙吾刀。”洛生怒，引輕騎破之肅遠山，斬首數百級，擄雜畜六千。太宗因其敗，令岷州都督李道彥招之。赤辭從子思頭潛納款，其下拓跋細豆亦以所部請降。赤辭知宗族攜沮，稍欲自歸。岷州大都督劉師立復誘之，乃與思頭俱內屬。分其地為懿、嵯、麟、可三十二州，以松州為都督府，擢赤辭西戎州都督，賜姓李，遂職貢不絕。開元中，吐蕃浸盛，拓跋畏逼，請內徙。元宗詔慶州置靜邊等州處之，以赤辭孫守寂為右監門都督，封西平公。天寶之亂，守寂有戰功，擢容州刺史，領天柱軍使。廣德二年，河北副元帥僕固懷恩叛，誘党項、渾、奴刺入寇。朔方節度郭子儀以党項、吐谷渾部落散處鹽、慶諸州，恐其滋亂，表徙靜邊州及夏州、樂容等六府党項於銀州之北、夏州之東。復徙寧朔州吐谷渾駐夏西，以離沮之。於是召大首領左羽林大將軍拓跋朝光、拓跋乞梅等五刺史入朝，代宗厚賚之，使還綏其部。自後乞梅居慶州，號東山部；朝光居銀夏，號平夏部。貞元中，有夏州刺史拓跋乾暉、銀州刺史拓跋乾曜、拓跋澄等，俱官其地。思恭，乾暉裔孫也。據有宥州，稱刺史。時冤句盜黃巢，由潼關陷長安。僖宗幸蜀，關中大亂。思恭糾合夷夏兵數萬，約渭北延節度李孝昌會於州，誓牲討賊，剋日入援。","按：禮莫重於君臣"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"凡例","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷三","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷四","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷五","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷六","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷七","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷八","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷九","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷十","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-12","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷十一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-13","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷十二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-14","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷十三","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-15","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷十四","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-16","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷十五","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-17","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷十六","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-18","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷十七","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-19","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷十八","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-20","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷十九","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-21","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷二十","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-22","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷二十一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-23","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷二十二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-24","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷二十三","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-25","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷二十四","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-26","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷二十五","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-27","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷二十六","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-28","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷二十七","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-29","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷二十八","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-30","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷二十九","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-31","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷三十","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-32","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷三十一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-33","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷三十二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-34","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷三十三","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-35","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷三十四","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-36","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷三十五","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-37","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷三十六","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-38","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷三十七","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-39","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷三十八","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-40","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷三十九","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-41","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷四十","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-42","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷四十一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-43","chapter_title":"西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰","section_title":"卷四十二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-2-section-1","chapter_title":"凡例","section_title":"正文","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-2-section-2","chapter_title":"凡例","section_title":"●卷一","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 西夏書事[清]吳廣成 撰\n## 凡例\n## 卷一\n## 卷二\n## 卷三\n## 卷四\n## 卷五\n## 卷六\n## 卷七\n## 卷八\n## 卷九\n## 卷十\n## 卷十一\n## 卷十二\n## 卷十三\n## 卷十四\n## 卷十五\n## 卷十六\n## 卷十七\n## 卷十八\n## 卷十九\n## 卷二十\n## 卷二十一\n## 卷二十二\n## 卷二十三\n## 卷二十四\n## 卷二十五\n## 卷二十六\n## 卷二十七\n## 卷二十八\n## 卷二十九\n## 卷三十\n## 卷三十一\n## 卷三十二\n## 卷三十三\n## 卷三十四\n## 卷三十五\n## 卷三十六\n## 卷三十七\n## 卷三十八\n## 卷三十九\n## 卷四十\n## 卷四十一\n## 卷四十二\n# 凡例\n一、霸國有史，晉唐以來，述作紛紛，載籍極博。宋有天下幾三百年，西夏、遼、金並雄西北，而遼、金有史，夏鮮專書。緣其地連沙磧，人半羌夷。元昊自造蕃書以紀國事，國亡之後，文義莫辨，遂至掌故失傳，宋、遼、金三史有附傳而弗詳。廣成謬輯是編，雖無當於參稽，或亦可以備殘缺焉。\n一、梁蕭氏方等《三十國春秋》、魏崔氏鴻《十六國春秋》、宋劉氏恕《十國紀年》等書，皆分紀列傳，體擬正史。西夏事散見諸史者，不過朝貢、攻伐數大端，即歷朝《一統志》、陝甘新舊《通志》、綏靈寧夏各州衛志，自拓跋啟疆，職方失考，終夏之世，絕少人文。蒐羅不易，紀傳為難。惟於立國之始終，傳祚之世數，以及夫朝政之理亂，主德之昏明，皆約而可稽，爰為件繫條分，綱舉目附，名之曰“書事”。\n一、繼遷立國，元昊稱尊，開國承家，幾與有宋相終始。而西夏之稱，亦始於宋，則書西夏當以宋為斷。然溯契丹者大基習宇，志女真者盛始胡來。夏自思恭秉節，夏綏綿延五代，爵晉西平，擬之當時荊南、吳越諸國，無多讓也。首卷追述中和，蓋亦討本尋源之意。\n一、朱子作《綱目》，凡正統未一天下，概不大書年號。明屠氏喬孫、項氏琳所訂《十六國春秋》，悉將晉、宋正統系年，蓋尊中國大一統，理固然也。李氏系出羌戎，稱臣唐宋，故自始迄終，悉以中國冠元。至元昊僭號，始書改元某年，備列年數於後。\n一、《綱目》正統系年之下，分注僭國某年，所以別正偽、紀興亡也。西夏自繼遷請婚遼國，乾順受地金源，玉帛、干戈，紛紜錯雜，若不節注二國紀年，事難稽考。然俟互有關涉，方行附入，既便查核，亦免支離。    一、元托克托纂修三史，惟《金史》列傳年月稍詳，餘則敘事混朦，詮次頗難。是編分年析月悉遵三史帝紀、夏國附傳，或遵王氏《東都事略》、李氏燾《通鑑長編》及薛氏應《宋元通鑑》、商氏輅《宋元續綱目》、王氏宗沐、徐氏乾學、畢氏沅《通鑑後編》、《續通鑑》諸書，其餘稗官紀載，時日不同，亦必前後不相矛盾方始甄錄。\n一、以宋、遼、金書借敘夏事，最易喧賓奪主。篇中綱主西夏，目則參引諸史，間有刪節，乃以嚴主客之辨，非敢蹈割裂之愆。\n一、古史體例，一代之主必著論贊。西夏統系，絕續者三：自思恭至彝昌而一絕，自仁福至繼捧而再絕，因其尚未成君，僅附總論。若繼遷建都西平，傳德明而封夏王，至元昊而稱國主，自可即其行事，述其生平，偶附小論。餘皆仿此。\n一、史以傳言，亦以傳疑。是編於宋、遼、金事稍涉西夏靡不收羅。然有時地不詳及原委莫竟者，則於分條之後，或按時、或因事另立附例，概不混書，以示疑也。\n一、史各有志，如天文、地理、職官、選舉、禮樂、兵刑，別類分門，務取該備。而霸史則雜見紀傳中，以彰一朝治亂。西夏典策雲亡，其文志不少概見，因就管窺所及，略志數條，姑存梗概，簡漏之譏，知所不免。\n一、王氏《西夏事略》、劉氏溫潤《西夏須知》、孫氏巽《夏國樞要》及《夏臺事蹟》諸書，言人人殊，較之正史，不無舛錯。至於前賢章奏、郡國圖經以及家乘、志銘、叢談、野說見有不同，詞多相戾，竊附己意訂正之。然必詳溯根原，藉徵確據，非敢憑空臆斷焉。\n一、史文浩博，鑑體謹嚴，編輯諸家無不去復刪繁，期於簡核。夏事如爭城、爭地文略相同，賀節、賀正辭多不載，然亦正書附列，採綴靡遺，非故貪多務得，漫失剪裁，良因補罅訂亡，無敢疏略。\n一、古來撰述，班固衍司馬氏之文，延壽節南、北史之要，已足自名一家。其有專事網羅，不資藍本，則亦文獻具在，任吾取攜。西夏去今，歲餘五百，舊籍流傳，率皆零繭棼絲，不入機杼，焉成經緯。書中所錄，根尋散佚，參合異同，雖然菅蒯並收，竊幸條流粗貫。後有作者，請以為盤盂之助。\n一、宋元諸儒喜於論史，雖不能於聖賢作述深心吻合無間，然其講明切究亦能抉奧探微。是編文冗事雜，未免顯晦相參，竊於是非邪正之致，興亡得失之由，間綴數言，以免牾。倘博雅糾其繆而賜正之，則幸甚。\n一、龍門作《史記》，班氏謂一人之精，文重思煩，其書多不齊一。矧廣成拘墟譾陋，愧乏三長。賴諸同志參考互訂，數載於茲，今幸觀厥成，謹登諸君姓氏，以見他山之助，俾益良多。\n## ●卷一\n唐僖宗中和元年春三月，宥州刺史拓跋思恭起兵討賊。\n拓跋思恭本黨項羌，始祖赤辭，初臣吐谷渾，可汗慕容伏允待之厚，與結婚姻。太宗時，諸羌歸順，拓跋氏不至。貞觀八年，行軍大總管李靖奉詔擊吐谷渾，赤辭屯狼道峽抗王師。廓州刺史久且洛生遣使諭以禍福，辭曰：“渾主以腹心待我，不知其他，若速去，無汙吾刀。”洛生怒，引輕騎破之肅遠山，斬首數百級，擄雜畜六千。太宗因其敗，令岷州都督李道彥招之。赤辭從子思頭潛納款，其下拓跋細豆亦以所部請降。赤辭知宗族攜沮，稍欲自歸。岷州大都督劉師立復誘之，乃與思頭俱內屬。分其地為懿、嵯、麟、可三十二州，以松州為都督府，擢赤辭西戎州都督，賜姓李，遂職貢不絕。開元中，吐蕃浸盛，拓跋畏逼，請內徙。元宗詔慶州置靜邊等州處之，以赤辭孫守寂為右監門都督，封西平公。天寶之亂，守寂有戰功，擢容州刺史，領天柱軍使。廣德二年，河北副元帥僕固懷恩叛，誘党項、渾、奴刺入寇。朔方節度郭子儀以党項、吐谷渾部落散處鹽、慶諸州，恐其滋亂，表徙靜邊州及夏州、樂容等六府党項於銀州之北、夏州之東。復徙寧朔州吐谷渾駐夏西，以離沮之。於是召大首領左羽林大將軍拓跋朝光、拓跋乞梅等五刺史入朝，代宗厚賚之，使還綏其部。自後乞梅居慶州，號東山部；朝光居銀夏，號平夏部。貞元中，有夏州刺史拓跋乾暉、銀州刺史拓跋乾曜、拓跋澄等，俱官其地。思恭，乾暉裔孫也。據有宥州，稱刺史。時冤句盜黃巢，由潼關陷長安。僖宗幸蜀，關中大亂。思恭糾合夷夏兵數萬，約渭北延節度李孝昌會於州，誓牲討賊，剋日入援。\n按：禮莫重於君臣","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}