{"resource_id":6062,"title":"古今图书集成305","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"戶口部","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"戶口部匯考一","paragraphs":["夏后氏","禹平水土為九州島民口千三百五十五萬三千九百","三十五人","按後漢書郡國志注帝王世紀云云"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"周","paragraphs":["周制小司寇登民數自生齒以上登於天府司民掌","登萬民之數書於版","按周禮秋官小司寇之職及大比登民數自生齒以","上登於天府內史司會冢宰貳之以制國用","訂義王昭禹曰三年之久民之生死登下亦已多矣","故及大比登民數焉　鄭康成曰人生齒而體備","謂男八月而生齒女七月而生齒　易氏曰王之","為王以得乎丘民而已故自生齒以上皆書於版","欲周知其數　王氏詳說曰天府以天為名尊之","至也賢能之書登於此盟約之書登於此獄訟之","書登於此民數之書登於此王所以重其事但天","府曰祭天之司民司祿而獻民數谷數則受而藏","之司祿之官缺矣必知榖數亦登於此為司祿之","所掌是已然書之所藏有不書其貳者民數也不","止一官書其貳者盟約也登其書於天府其為重","則一初不可以書之貳與否及所書貳多少之數","為輕重但觀其事之所施行耳　易氏曰考司民","登萬民之數及大比以詔司寇是司寇受其數幹","司民於孟冬祀司民星之時乃獻其數於王王拜","受之登於天府刑官致重於民數如此冢宰於司","會登民數之後又為之貳其數而制國用焉蓋古","者三年耕必有一年之食九年耕必有三年之食","冢宰以三十年通制國用而大比之制國用實所","以為三十年盈虛斂散之儲內史於此貳之則以","其所掌者會計之書司會於此貳之則以其所掌","者會計之事二官卑而列於始冢宰尊而繼於後","非以統百官之任而統其成者歟由是觀之民之","盛衰系乎刑故司寇登民數於地官大比之時財","之豐耗由於民故冢宰制國用於刑官登民數之","後數官聯事而合治皆所以重乎民也　陳及之","曰必知民數則可以制國用何故蓋先王之司士","農工商四者不可闕一而農為重以三分率之農","居三分之二則谷粟始可齊不然工商與農相半","則野有曠土谷粟寡乏則四民俱病矣是以王者","之制農民必三分之二也以九職任民凡毓草木","者作山澤之材者養鳥獸者化八材者通貨賄者","斂疏材者化治絲枲者轉移執事者常不過農民","三分之一而廩人每歲以歲上下數邦用月以三","為準司民獻民數廩人獻谷數太史書之司會","會之三年耕必有一年之食九年耕必有三年之","食以是而制國用雖有水旱民無菜色以民數谷","數素定也管仲制齊國之政工商之鄉六士鄉十","五是三分而率一也其練習民政哉　愚案古者","只計民數則知國賦後世色目既多不可只以民","數計","孟冬祀司民獻民數於王王拜受之以圖國用而進","退之","鄭鍔曰軒轅之角有大民小民之星其神實主民","說者謂春官祭之然春官天府但受其數耳司民","之官言司寇及孟冬祀司民之日獻其數則司民","之祀正司寇之所主明矣先王以為民之登耗必","有神主之故每歲孟冬物成之時使司寇祀之亦","以刑者所以馭民而民之多寡皆本乎刑之繁省","故也司民已祀則獻民數於王見其奉天以用刑","而刑不至於殘民故其生成之數如此王拜受之","以圖國用則以民之登耗知斂之豐匱由是而進","退所用之物民多賦足則進之而備禮民少賦乏","則退之而殺禮上言以制國用此言以圖國用者","制其有無者有司之職圖則所謀者天下之大計","是乃王者之權故言於王拜受之之後也　鄭康","成曰進退猶損益也　楊氏曰冢宰雖制國用而","進退之則在王而已","司民中士六人府三人史六人胥三人徒三十人","林椅曰外朝有司民猶司士之在治朝　鄭鍔曰","天子為天牧民則民者天子之所司官曰司民蓋","天子司其牧養之事司民司其多寡之數而登之","耳　王氏詳說曰天府雲若祭天之司民司祿而","獻民數谷數則受而藏之祭之同其時掌之異其","屬司祿為地官之屬固然矣司民不屬地官而屬","秋官者秋官主刑聖人用刑本為好生耳　薛平","仲曰五刑皆戕民者也知所以愛其民則知所以","謹其刑此司民所以列於司刑之上　陳君舉曰","司徒處徭役不時教化不至徵賦不均則民犯法","者眾故於刑官中設司民之官知其多寡與司徒","相關今戶部刑部不相關","掌登萬民之數自生齒以上皆書於版辨其國中與","其都鄙及其郊野異其男女歲登下其死生","鄭康成曰登上也男八月女七月而生齒版今戶","籍也　鄭鍔曰生齒則能食能食則成人戶口之","所由始也　賈氏曰國中據六鄉在城中者都鄙","據三等采地及其郊野者郊謂六鄉之民在四郊","者野謂六遂及四等公邑是遍畿內矣　鄭鍔曰","不辨其國中都鄙郊野無以知其地之人數辨之","使不相雜則其地之戶口眾寡皆可見不異其男","女無以知其生之種類異之而各從其類則他日","嫁娶之年高下皆可知也每歲有死者則下之有","生者則登之以知其存沒也　呂氏曰案周官媒","氏男女自成名以上皆書年月日名焉成名子生","三月父名之也內則子生三月之末男角女羈以","見於父父名之宰書曰某年某月某日生而藏之","宰告閭史閭史書其二其一藏之閭府其一獻之","州史州史獻諸州伯州伯命藏諸州府其制詳密","如此重民之生也秦始皇令男子書年此特恐民","避徵役耳豈有三代重民之意","及三年大比以萬民之數詔司寇司寇及孟冬祀司","民之日獻其數於王王拜受之登於天府","鄭鍔曰司寇刑官也宜無預於民數大比之年則","以戶口之數詔之何也以刑之繁簡民之息耗系","焉所以告之者使省刑而已司寇既得其數俟至","孟冬祀天司民之日則獻於王以為民之所以生","者屬乎天亦隱有神者相之而其權在王王能恤","天之所生則已得以省刑矣司民天之星也王者","以名官所以法之也小司寇孟冬祀司民獻民數","於王蓋小司寇每歲祀司民則獻每歲之數此則","大比之歲於祀司民之時乃獻三年之大數也","王氏詳說曰司祿為文昌三能之第六星司民為","軒轅角蓋軒轅十七星兩角有大民小民天文志","所載明矣先鄭以司祿司民為文星何所經見","鄭康成曰天府主祖廟之藏者　賈氏曰王拜受","之登於天府者重此民數民為邦本故也　孫氏","曰天府受民數谷數之藏司寇獻民數而不及谷","數以圖國用觀之則谷數必與民數俱上司祿與","司民亦同祭也蓋民數自生齒以上俱登之不得","谷數之實則國用亦無所稽矣","內史司會冢宰貳之以贊王治","鄭康成曰贊佐也　賈氏曰內史掌八柄司會掌","天下大計冢宰貳王治事皆掌大事故皆寫一通","副貳民數藏之所以贊助王之治民也　鄭鍔曰","內史司會冢宰貳之以見民非特王之事而為大","臣者不可不任其責小司寇貳之以制國用此言","貳之以贊王治者司寇刑官也民至於犯刑以其","貧窮而抵冒爾故言制國用意欲使三官知為民","富之術不至使之犯刑也司民掌民數之官耳民","之貧而犯刑非己所得而知也以為民者王所當","治民有登耗則為公卿大臣者當據是數佐王以","治之使之繁庶而已故曰以贊王治　易氏曰此","言貳之以贊王治小司寇言貳之以制國用者蓋","財之豐耗出於民民之繁簡系乎刑小司寇既敬","刑以為生民之本故冢宰資之以制國用若司民","專掌萬民之數故泛言贊王治而已","成王致"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"戶口部","section_title":"戶口部匯考一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"戶口部","section_title":"周","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 戶口部\n## 戶口部匯考一\n夏后氏\n禹平水土為九州島民口千三百五十五萬三千九百\n三十五人\n按後漢書郡國志注帝王世紀云云\n## 周\n周制小司寇登民數自生齒以上登於天府司民掌\n登萬民之數書於版\n按周禮秋官小司寇之職及大比登民數自生齒以\n上登於天府內史司會冢宰貳之以制國用\n訂義王昭禹曰三年之久民之生死登下亦已多矣\n故及大比登民數焉　鄭康成曰人生齒而體備\n謂男八月而生齒女七月而生齒　易氏曰王之\n為王以得乎丘民而已故自生齒以上皆書於版\n欲周知其數　王氏詳說曰天府以天為名尊之\n至也賢能之書登於此盟約之書登於此獄訟之\n書登於此民數之書登於此王所以重其事但天\n府曰祭天之司民司祿而獻民數谷數則受而藏\n之司祿之官缺矣必知榖數亦登於此為司祿之\n所掌是已然書之所藏有不書其貳者民數也不\n止一官書其貳者盟約也登其書於天府其為重\n則一初不可以書之貳與否及所書貳多少之數\n為輕重但觀其事之所施行耳　易氏曰考司民\n登萬民之數及大比以詔司寇是司寇受其數幹\n司民於孟冬祀司民星之時乃獻其數於王王拜\n受之登於天府刑官致重於民數如此冢宰於司\n會登民數之後又為之貳其數而制國用焉蓋古\n者三年耕必有一年之食九年耕必有三年之食\n冢宰以三十年通制國用而大比之制國用實所\n以為三十年盈虛斂散之儲內史於此貳之則以\n其所掌者會計之書司會於此貳之則以其所掌\n者會計之事二官卑而列於始冢宰尊而繼於後\n非以統百官之任而統其成者歟由是觀之民之\n盛衰系乎刑故司寇登民數於地官大比之時財\n之豐耗由於民故冢宰制國用於刑官登民數之\n後數官聯事而合治皆所以重乎民也　陳及之\n曰必知民數則可以制國用何故蓋先王之司士\n農工商四者不可闕一而農為重以三分率之農\n居三分之二則谷粟始可齊不然工商與農相半\n則野有曠土谷粟寡乏則四民俱病矣是以王者\n之制農民必三分之二也以九職任民凡毓草木\n者作山澤之材者養鳥獸者化八材者通貨賄者\n斂疏材者化治絲枲者轉移執事者常不過農民\n三分之一而廩人每歲以歲上下數邦用月以三\n為準司民獻民數廩人獻谷數太史書之司會\n會之三年耕必有一年之食九年耕必有三年之\n食以是而制國用雖有水旱民無菜色以民數谷\n數素定也管仲制齊國之政工商之鄉六士鄉十\n五是三分而率一也其練習民政哉　愚案古者\n只計民數則知國賦後世色目既多不可只以民\n數計\n孟冬祀司民獻民數於王王拜受之以圖國用而進\n退之\n鄭鍔曰軒轅之角有大民小民之星其神實主民\n說者謂春官祭之然春官天府但受其數耳司民\n之官言司寇及孟冬祀司民之日獻其數則司民\n之祀正司寇之所主明矣先王以為民之登耗必\n有神主之故每歲孟冬物成之時使司寇祀之亦\n以刑者所以馭民而民之多寡皆本乎刑之繁省\n故也司民已祀則獻民數於王見其奉天以用刑\n而刑不至於殘民故其生成之數如此王拜受之\n以圖國用則以民之登耗知斂之豐匱由是而進\n退所用之物民多賦足則進之而備禮民少賦乏\n則退之而殺禮上言以制國用此言以圖國用者\n制其有無者有司之職圖則所謀者天下之大計\n是乃王者之權故言於王拜受之之後也　鄭康\n成曰進退猶損益也　楊氏曰冢宰雖制國用而\n進退之則在王而已\n司民中士六人府三人史六人胥三人徒三十人\n林椅曰外朝有司民猶司士之在治朝　鄭鍔曰\n天子為天牧民則民者天子之所司官曰司民蓋\n天子司其牧養之事司民司其多寡之數而登之\n耳　王氏詳說曰天府雲若祭天之司民司祿而\n獻民數谷數則受而藏之祭之同其時掌之異其\n屬司祿為地官之屬固然矣司民不屬地官而屬\n秋官者秋官主刑聖人用刑本為好生耳　薛平\n仲曰五刑皆戕民者也知所以愛其民則知所以\n謹其刑此司民所以列於司刑之上　陳君舉曰\n司徒處徭役不時教化不至徵賦不均則民犯法\n者眾故於刑官中設司民之官知其多寡與司徒\n相關今戶部刑部不相關\n掌登萬民之數自生齒以上皆書於版辨其國中與\n其都鄙及其郊野異其男女歲登下其死生\n鄭康成曰登上也男八月女七月而生齒版今戶\n籍也　鄭鍔曰生齒則能食能食則成人戶口之\n所由始也　賈氏曰國中據六鄉在城中者都鄙\n據三等采地及其郊野者郊謂六鄉之民在四郊\n者野謂六遂及四等公邑是遍畿內矣　鄭鍔曰\n不辨其國中都鄙郊野無以知其地之人數辨之\n使不相雜則其地之戶口眾寡皆可見不異其男\n女無以知其生之種類異之而各從其類則他日\n嫁娶之年高下皆可知也每歲有死者則下之有\n生者則登之以知其存沒也　呂氏曰案周官媒\n氏男女自成名以上皆書年月日名焉成名子生\n三月父名之也內則子生三月之末男角女羈以\n見於父父名之宰書曰某年某月某日生而藏之\n宰告閭史閭史書其二其一藏之閭府其一獻之\n州史州史獻諸州伯州伯命藏諸州府其制詳密\n如此重民之生也秦始皇令男子書年此特恐民\n避徵役耳豈有三代重民之意\n及三年大比以萬民之數詔司寇司寇及孟冬祀司\n民之日獻其數於王王拜受之登於天府\n鄭鍔曰司寇刑官也宜無預於民數大比之年則\n以戶口之數詔之何也以刑之繁簡民之息耗系\n焉所以告之者使省刑而已司寇既得其數俟至\n孟冬祀天司民之日則獻於王以為民之所以生\n者屬乎天亦隱有神者相之而其權在王王能恤\n天之所生則已得以省刑矣司民天之星也王者\n以名官所以法之也小司寇孟冬祀司民獻民數\n於王蓋小司寇每歲祀司民則獻每歲之數此則\n大比之歲於祀司民之時乃獻三年之大數也\n王氏詳說曰司祿為文昌三能之第六星司民為\n軒轅角蓋軒轅十七星兩角有大民小民天文志\n所載明矣先鄭以司祿司民為文星何所經見\n鄭康成曰天府主祖廟之藏者　賈氏曰王拜受\n之登於天府者重此民數民為邦本故也　孫氏\n曰天府受民數谷數之藏司寇獻民數而不及谷\n數以圖國用觀之則谷數必與民數俱上司祿與\n司民亦同祭也蓋民數自生齒以上俱登之不得\n谷數之實則國用亦無所稽矣\n內史司會冢宰貳之以贊王治\n鄭康成曰贊佐也　賈氏曰內史掌八柄司會掌\n天下大計冢宰貳王治事皆掌大事故皆寫一通\n副貳民數藏之所以贊助王之治民也　鄭鍔曰\n內史司會冢宰貳之以見民非特王之事而為大\n臣者不可不任其責小司寇貳之以制國用此言\n貳之以贊王治者司寇刑官也民至於犯刑以其\n貧窮而抵冒爾故言制國用意欲使三官知為民\n富之術不至使之犯刑也司民掌民數之官耳民\n之貧而犯刑非己所得而知也以為民者王所當\n治民有登耗則為公卿大臣者當據是數佐王以\n治之使之繁庶而已故曰以贊王治　易氏曰此\n言貳之以贊王治小司寇言貳之以制國用者蓋\n財之豐耗出於民民之繁簡系乎刑小司寇既敬\n刑以為生民之本故冢宰資之以制國用若司民\n專掌萬民之數故泛言贊王治而已\n成王致","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}