{"resource_id":6034,"title":"古今图书集成277","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"正朔部匯考","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"上古","paragraphs":["黃帝軒轅氏初定正朔以建寅月為歲首","按史記五帝本紀不載　按宋書禮志軒轅氏以十","三月為正","少昊金天氏以建丑月為歲首","按史記五帝本紀不載　按宋書禮志少昊以十二","月為正","顓頊高陽氏以建子月為歲首","按史記五帝本紀不載　按宋書禮志高陽氏以十","一月為正薦玉以赤繒","帝嚳高辛氏以建寅月為歲首","按史記五帝本紀不載　按宋書禮志高辛氏以十","三月為正薦玉以白繒","陶唐氏","帝堯以建丑月為歲首","按史記五帝本紀不載　按宋書禮志唐以十二月","為正","有虞氏","帝舜以建子月為歲首","按史記五帝本紀不載　按宋書禮志虞以十一月","為正","夏后氏","夏以建寅月為歲首","按史記夏本紀不載　按宋書禮志夏以十三月為","正法物之始其色尚黑","按鄭樵通志帝禹受舜禪踐天子之位於安邑以建","寅之月為正月"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"商","paragraphs":["商以建丑月為歲首","按史記殷本紀湯踐天子位改正朔易服色上白朝","會以晝","按宋書禮志殷以十二月為正法物之牙色上白","按汲冢周書商湯用師於夏除民之災順天革命改","正朔變服殊號一文一質示不相沿以建醜之月為","正","按大紀湯歸於亳踐天子位定都焉以斗杓建醜冬","十二月為歲首是謂地統以日中為朔改歲曰祀行","甲寅歷"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","title":"周","paragraphs":["周以建子月為歲首","按史記周本紀不載　按宋書禮志周以十一月為","正法物之萌其色尚赤","按冊府元龜武王踐天子位以建子之月為正"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","title":"秦","paragraphs":["秦以建亥月為歲首","按史記始皇帝本紀秦初並天下改年始朝賀皆自","十月朔"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","title":"漢","paragraphs":["高帝仍秦制以建亥月為歲首","按史記漢書高祖本紀不載　按史記封禪書高祖","初起禱豐枌榆社徇沛為沛公祠蚩尢釁鼓旗遂以","十月至灞上與諸侯平咸陽立為漢王因以十月為","年首","文帝十五年詔議改正朔","按漢書文帝本紀十五年春黃龍見於成紀上乃下","詔議郊祀公孫臣明服色","按史記封禪書孝文帝即位十三年魯人公孫臣上","書曰始秦得水德今漢受之推終始傳則漢當土德","土德之應黃龍見宜改正朔易服色色尚黃是時丞","相張蒼好律歷以為漢乃水德之始故河決金堤其","符也年始冬十月色外黑內赤與德相應如公孫臣","言非也罷之後三歲黃龍見成紀文帝乃召公孫臣","拜為博士與諸生草改歷服色事","武帝太初元年始定以建寅月為歲首","按漢書武帝本紀太初元年夏五月正歷以正月為","歲首色上黃數用五定官名協音律","注","師古曰謂以建寅之月為正也未正歷之前謂","建亥之月為正今此言以正月為歲首者史追正","其月名張晏曰漢據土德土數五故用五謂印文","也若丞相曰丞相之印章諸卿及守相印文不足","五字者以之足之"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","title":"魏","paragraphs":["文帝黃初元年詔正朔仍漢制","按魏志文帝本紀不載　按辛毗傳文帝踐祚毗遷","侍中賜爵關內侯時議改正朔毗以魏氏遵舜禹之","統應天順民至於湯武以戰伐定天下乃改正朔孔","子曰行夏之時左氏傳曰夏數為得天正何必期於","相反帝善而從之","按宋書禮志魏文帝雖受禪於漢而以夏數為得天","故黃初元年詔曰孔子稱行夏之時乘殷之輅服周","之冕樂則韶舞此聖人叢集代之美事為后王法制","也傳曰夏數為得天朕承唐虞之美至於正朔當依","虞夏故事若殊徽號異器械制禮樂易服色用牲幣","自當隨土德之數每四時之季月服黃十八日臘以","醜牲用白其飾節旄自當赤但節幡黃耳其餘郊祀","天地朝會四時之服宜如漢制宗廟所服一如周禮","尚書令桓階等奏據三正周復之義國家承漢氏人","正之後當受之以地正犧牲宜用白今從漢十三月","正則犧牲不得獨改今新建皇統宜稽古典先代以","從天命而告朔犧牲壹皆不改非所以明革命之義","也詔曰服色如所奏其餘宜如虞承唐但臘日用醜","耳此亦聖人之制也","明帝太和元年詔議改正朔","按魏志明帝本紀不載　按宋書禮志明帝即位便","有改正朔之意朝議多異同故持疑不決久乃下詔","曰黃初以來諸儒共論正朔或以改之為宜或以不","改為是意取駁異於今未決朕在東宮時聞之意常","以為夫子作春秋通三統為后王法正朔各從色不","同因襲自五帝三王以下或父子相繼同體異德或","納大麓受終文祖或尋干戈從天行誅雖遭遇異時","步驟不同然未有不改正朔用服色表明文物以章","受命之符也由此言之何必以不改為是邪於是公","卿以下博議侍中高堂隆議曰按自古有文章以來","帝王之興受禪之與干戈皆改正朔所以明天道定","民心也易曰革元亨利貞有孚改命吉湯武革命應","乎天從乎人其義曰水火更用事猶王者必改正朔","易服色也易通卦驗曰王者必改正朔易服色以應","天地三氣三色書曰若稽古帝舜曰重華建皇授政","改朔初高陽氏以十一月為正薦玉以赤繒高辛氏","以十三月為正薦玉以白繒尚書傳曰舜定鍾石論","人聲乃及鳥獸鹹變於前故定四時改堯正詩曰一","之日觱發二之日栗烈三之日於耜傳曰一之日周","正月二之日殷正月三之日夏正月詩推度災曰如","有繼周而王者雖百世可知以前檢後文質相因法","度相改三而復者正色也二而復者文質也以前檢","後謂軒轅高辛夏后氏漢皆以十三月為正少昊有","唐有殷皆以十二月為正高陽有虞有周皆以十一","月為正後雖百世皆以前代三而復也禮大傳曰聖","人南面而治天下必正度量考文章改正朔易服色","殊徽號樂稽曜嘉曰禹將受位天意大變迅風雷雨","以明將去虞而適夏也是以舜禹雖繼平受禪猶制","禮樂改正朔以應天從民夏以十三月為正法物之","始其色尚黑殷以十二月為正法物之牙其色尚白","周以十一月為正法物之萌其色尚赤能察其類能","正其本則嶽瀆致雲雨四時和五稼成麟鳳翔集春","秋十七年夏六月甲子朔日有蝕之傳曰當夏四月","是謂孟夏春秋元命苞曰王者受命昭然明於天地","之理故必移居處更稱號改正朔易服色以明天命","聖人之寶質文再而改窮則相承周則復始正朔改","則天命顯凡典籍所記不盡於此略舉大較亦足以","明也太尉司馬懿尚書僕射衛臻尚書薛悌中書監","劉放中書侍郎刁幹博士秦靜趙怡中侯中詔季岐","以為宜改侍中繆襲散騎常侍王肅尚書郎魏衡太","子舍人黃闕以為不宜改","景初元年改建丑月為歲首","按魏志明帝本紀景初元年春正月壬辰山茌縣言","黃龍見於是有司奏以為魏得地統宜以建醜之月","為正三月定歷改年為孟夏四月服色尚黃犧牲用","白戎事乘黑首白馬建大赤之旗朝會建大白之旗","改太和歷曰景初歷其春夏秋冬孟仲季月雖與正","歲不同至於郊祀迎氣礿祀蒸嘗巡狩搜田分至啟","閉班宣時令中氣早晚敬授民事皆以正歲鬥建為","歷數之序　按高堂隆傳明帝以隆為侍中時軍國","多事用法深重隆上疏曰夫拓跡垂統必俟聖明輔","世匡治亦須良佐用能庶績其凝而品物康乂也夫","移風易俗宣明道化使四表同風回首面內德教光","熙九服慕義固非俗吏之所能也今有司務糾刑書","不本大道是以刑用而不措俗弊而不敦宜崇禮樂","班敘明堂修三雍大射養老營建郊廟尊儒士舉逸","民表章制度改正朔易服色布愷悌尚儉素然後備","禮封禪歸功天地使雅頌之聲盈於六合緝熙之化","混於後嗣斯蓋至治之"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"正朔部匯考","section_title":"上古","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"正朔部匯考","section_title":"商","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","chapter_title":"正朔部匯考","section_title":"周","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","chapter_title":"正朔部匯考","section_title":"秦","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","chapter_title":"正朔部匯考","section_title":"漢","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","chapter_title":"正朔部匯考","section_title":"魏","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 正朔部匯考\n## 上古\n黃帝軒轅氏初定正朔以建寅月為歲首\n按史記五帝本紀不載　按宋書禮志軒轅氏以十\n三月為正\n少昊金天氏以建丑月為歲首\n按史記五帝本紀不載　按宋書禮志少昊以十二\n月為正\n顓頊高陽氏以建子月為歲首\n按史記五帝本紀不載　按宋書禮志高陽氏以十\n一月為正薦玉以赤繒\n帝嚳高辛氏以建寅月為歲首\n按史記五帝本紀不載　按宋書禮志高辛氏以十\n三月為正薦玉以白繒\n陶唐氏\n帝堯以建丑月為歲首\n按史記五帝本紀不載　按宋書禮志唐以十二月\n為正\n有虞氏\n帝舜以建子月為歲首\n按史記五帝本紀不載　按宋書禮志虞以十一月\n為正\n夏后氏\n夏以建寅月為歲首\n按史記夏本紀不載　按宋書禮志夏以十三月為\n正法物之始其色尚黑\n按鄭樵通志帝禹受舜禪踐天子之位於安邑以建\n寅之月為正月\n## 商\n商以建丑月為歲首\n按史記殷本紀湯踐天子位改正朔易服色上白朝\n會以晝\n按宋書禮志殷以十二月為正法物之牙色上白\n按汲冢周書商湯用師於夏除民之災順天革命改\n正朔變服殊號一文一質示不相沿以建醜之月為\n正\n按大紀湯歸於亳踐天子位定都焉以斗杓建醜冬\n十二月為歲首是謂地統以日中為朔改歲曰祀行\n甲寅歷\n## 周\n周以建子月為歲首\n按史記周本紀不載　按宋書禮志周以十一月為\n正法物之萌其色尚赤\n按冊府元龜武王踐天子位以建子之月為正\n## 秦\n秦以建亥月為歲首\n按史記始皇帝本紀秦初並天下改年始朝賀皆自\n十月朔\n## 漢\n高帝仍秦制以建亥月為歲首\n按史記漢書高祖本紀不載　按史記封禪書高祖\n初起禱豐枌榆社徇沛為沛公祠蚩尢釁鼓旗遂以\n十月至灞上與諸侯平咸陽立為漢王因以十月為\n年首\n文帝十五年詔議改正朔\n按漢書文帝本紀十五年春黃龍見於成紀上乃下\n詔議郊祀公孫臣明服色\n按史記封禪書孝文帝即位十三年魯人公孫臣上\n書曰始秦得水德今漢受之推終始傳則漢當土德\n土德之應黃龍見宜改正朔易服色色尚黃是時丞\n相張蒼好律歷以為漢乃水德之始故河決金堤其\n符也年始冬十月色外黑內赤與德相應如公孫臣\n言非也罷之後三歲黃龍見成紀文帝乃召公孫臣\n拜為博士與諸生草改歷服色事\n武帝太初元年始定以建寅月為歲首\n按漢書武帝本紀太初元年夏五月正歷以正月為\n歲首色上黃數用五定官名協音律\n注\n師古曰謂以建寅之月為正也未正歷之前謂\n建亥之月為正今此言以正月為歲首者史追正\n其月名張晏曰漢據土德土數五故用五謂印文\n也若丞相曰丞相之印章諸卿及守相印文不足\n五字者以之足之\n## 魏\n文帝黃初元年詔正朔仍漢制\n按魏志文帝本紀不載　按辛毗傳文帝踐祚毗遷\n侍中賜爵關內侯時議改正朔毗以魏氏遵舜禹之\n統應天順民至於湯武以戰伐定天下乃改正朔孔\n子曰行夏之時左氏傳曰夏數為得天正何必期於\n相反帝善而從之\n按宋書禮志魏文帝雖受禪於漢而以夏數為得天\n故黃初元年詔曰孔子稱行夏之時乘殷之輅服周\n之冕樂則韶舞此聖人叢集代之美事為后王法制\n也傳曰夏數為得天朕承唐虞之美至於正朔當依\n虞夏故事若殊徽號異器械制禮樂易服色用牲幣\n自當隨土德之數每四時之季月服黃十八日臘以\n醜牲用白其飾節旄自當赤但節幡黃耳其餘郊祀\n天地朝會四時之服宜如漢制宗廟所服一如周禮\n尚書令桓階等奏據三正周復之義國家承漢氏人\n正之後當受之以地正犧牲宜用白今從漢十三月\n正則犧牲不得獨改今新建皇統宜稽古典先代以\n從天命而告朔犧牲壹皆不改非所以明革命之義\n也詔曰服色如所奏其餘宜如虞承唐但臘日用醜\n耳此亦聖人之制也\n明帝太和元年詔議改正朔\n按魏志明帝本紀不載　按宋書禮志明帝即位便\n有改正朔之意朝議多異同故持疑不決久乃下詔\n曰黃初以來諸儒共論正朔或以改之為宜或以不\n改為是意取駁異於今未決朕在東宮時聞之意常\n以為夫子作春秋通三統為后王法正朔各從色不\n同因襲自五帝三王以下或父子相繼同體異德或\n納大麓受終文祖或尋干戈從天行誅雖遭遇異時\n步驟不同然未有不改正朔用服色表明文物以章\n受命之符也由此言之何必以不改為是邪於是公\n卿以下博議侍中高堂隆議曰按自古有文章以來\n帝王之興受禪之與干戈皆改正朔所以明天道定\n民心也易曰革元亨利貞有孚改命吉湯武革命應\n乎天從乎人其義曰水火更用事猶王者必改正朔\n易服色也易通卦驗曰王者必改正朔易服色以應\n天地三氣三色書曰若稽古帝舜曰重華建皇授政\n改朔初高陽氏以十一月為正薦玉以赤繒高辛氏\n以十三月為正薦玉以白繒尚書傳曰舜定鍾石論\n人聲乃及鳥獸鹹變於前故定四時改堯正詩曰一\n之日觱發二之日栗烈三之日於耜傳曰一之日周\n正月二之日殷正月三之日夏正月詩推度災曰如\n有繼周而王者雖百世可知以前檢後文質相因法\n度相改三而復者正色也二而復者文質也以前檢\n後謂軒轅高辛夏后氏漢皆以十三月為正少昊有\n唐有殷皆以十二月為正高陽有虞有周皆以十一\n月為正後雖百世皆以前代三而復也禮大傳曰聖\n人南面而治天下必正度量考文章改正朔易服色\n殊徽號樂稽曜嘉曰禹將受位天意大變迅風雷雨\n以明將去虞而適夏也是以舜禹雖繼平受禪猶制\n禮樂改正朔以應天從民夏以十三月為正法物之\n始其色尚黑殷以十二月為正法物之牙其色尚白\n周以十一月為正法物之萌其色尚赤能察其類能\n正其本則嶽瀆致雲雨四時和五稼成麟鳳翔集春\n秋十七年夏六月甲子朔日有蝕之傳曰當夏四月\n是謂孟夏春秋元命苞曰王者受命昭然明於天地\n之理故必移居處更稱號改正朔易服色以明天命\n聖人之寶質文再而改窮則相承周則復始正朔改\n則天命顯凡典籍所記不盡於此略舉大較亦足以\n明也太尉司馬懿尚書僕射衛臻尚書薛悌中書監\n劉放中書侍郎刁幹博士秦靜趙怡中侯中詔季岐\n以為宜改侍中繆襲散騎常侍王肅尚書郎魏衡太\n子舍人黃闕以為不宜改\n景初元年改建丑月為歲首\n按魏志明帝本紀景初元年春正月壬辰山茌縣言\n黃龍見於是有司奏以為魏得地統宜以建醜之月\n為正三月定歷改年為孟夏四月服色尚黃犧牲用\n白戎事乘黑首白馬建大赤之旗朝會建大白之旗\n改太和歷曰景初歷其春夏秋冬孟仲季月雖與正\n歲不同至於郊祀迎氣礿祀蒸嘗巡狩搜田分至啟\n閉班宣時令中氣早晚敬授民事皆以正歲鬥建為\n歷數之序　按高堂隆傳明帝以隆為侍中時軍國\n多事用法深重隆上疏曰夫拓跡垂統必俟聖明輔\n世匡治亦須良佐用能庶績其凝而品物康乂也夫\n移風易俗宣明道化使四表同風回首面內德教光\n熙九服慕義固非俗吏之所能也今有司務糾刑書\n不本大道是以刑用而不措俗弊而不敦宜崇禮樂\n班敘明堂修三雍大射養老營建郊廟尊儒士舉逸\n民表章制度改正朔易服色布愷悌尚儉素然後備\n禮封禪歸功天地使雅頌之聲盈於六合緝熙之化\n混於後嗣斯蓋至治之","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}