{"resource_id":6023,"title":"古今图书集成266","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"聖學部總論","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"易經","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"乾卦","paragraphs":["文言曰君子學以聚之問以辨之","程","傳","聖人在下雖巳顯而未得位則進德修業而已"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","title":"書經","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","title":"虞書大禹謨","paragraphs":["人心惟危道心惟微惟精惟一允執厥中","蔡","傳","人心易私而難公故危道心難明而易昧故微","惟能精以察之而不雜形氣之私一以守之而純","乎義理之正道心常為之主而人心聽命焉則危","者安微者著動靜云為自無過不及之差而信能","執其中矣","商書仲虺之誥","予聞曰能自得師者王謂人莫己若者亡好問則裕","自用則小","蔡","傳","言隆師好問則德尊業廣自賢自用者反是謂","之自得師者真知己之不足人之有餘委心聽順","而無拂逆之謂也","說命下","說曰王人求多聞時惟建事學於古訓乃有獲事不","師古以克永世匪說攸聞","大","全","呂氏曰學問之博貴有實用非徒為觀美也大","而建立大經經綸大義彌綸大化至於贊天地化","育皆所謂建事也此所謂有用之學否則所聞雖","多亦奚以為　陳氏雅言曰求多聞者建事之本","而學古訓者明理之要","惟學遜志務時敏厥修乃來允懷於茲道積於厥躬","蔡","傳","遜其志如有所不能敏於學如有所不及虛以","受人勤以勵己則其所修如泉始達源源乎其來","矣","大","全","呂氏曰為學之初先要虛心下氣方能受天","下之善若氣高則便與為學工夫相背","惟學半念終始典於學厥德修罔覺","蔡","傳","言教人居學之半蓋道積厥躬者體之立學","於人者用之行兼體用合內外而後聖學可全也","監於先王成憲其永無愆","蔡","傳","言德雖造於罔覺而法必監於先王先王成法","子孫之所當守者也孟子言遵先王之法而過者","未之有也亦此意","大","全","陳氏經曰自遜志至典學乃","學之次序監先王成憲乃學之準的"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","title":"詩經","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","title":"周頌敬之","paragraphs":["敬之敬之天維顯思命不易哉無曰高高在上陟降","厥士日監在茲維予小子不聰敬止日就月將學有","緝熙於光明","朱","注","成王受群臣之戒而述其言","大","全","慶源輔氏曰不","聰知有所不及之事不敬行有所未至之事日就","就事上言月將就大本上言成王自知其知與行","皆有所未至故欲勉學問庶幾日於事上有所就","月於本上有所將繼續不已以至於光明也"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","title":"禮記","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","title":"學記","paragraphs":["發慮憲求善良足以謏聞不足以動眾就賢體遠足","以動眾未足以化民君子如欲化民成俗其必由學","乎"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","title":"陳","paragraphs":["注","化民成俗必如唐虞之於變時雍乃為至耳然","則舍學何以哉此乃大學之道明德新民之事也","玉不琢不成器人不學不知道是故古之王者建國","君民教學為先兌命曰念終始典於學其此之謂乎"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","title":"陳","paragraphs":["注","建國君民謂建立邦國以君長其民也教學為","先以立教立學為先務也","賈誼新書","修政語","湯曰學聖王之道譬其如日靜思而獨居譬其若火","夫舍學聖之道而靜居獨思譬其去日之明於庭而","就火之光於室也然可以小見而不可以大知是故","明君而君子貴尚學道而賤下獨思也"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","title":"後漢書","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-12","title":"樊準傳","paragraphs":["準上疏曰臣聞賈誼有言人君不可以不學故雖大","舜聖德孳孳為善成王賢主崇明師尃及光武皇帝","受命中興群雄崩擾旌旗亂野東西誅戰不遑啟處","然猶投戈講藝息馬論道至孝明皇帝兼天地之資","用日月之明庶政萬機無不簡心而垂情古典遊意","經藝每饗射禮畢正坐自講諸儒□聽四方欣欣雖","闕里之化矍相之事誠不足言又多徵名儒以充禮","官如沛國趙孝琅邪承宮等或安車結駟告歸鄉里","或豐衣博帶從見宗廟其餘以經術見優者布在廊","廟故朝多皤皤華首之老每燕會則論難衎衎共求","政化詳覽群言響如振玉朝者進而思政罷者退而","備問小大隨化雍雍可嘉期門羽林介冑之士悉通","孝經博士議郎一人開門徒眾百數化自聖躬流及","蠻荒匈奴遣伊秩訾王大車且渠來入就學八方肅","清上下無事是以議者每稱盛時鹹言永平今學者","蓋少遠方尤甚博士倚席不講儒者競論浮麗忘謇","謇之忠習諓諓之辭文吏則去法律而學詆欺銳錐","刀之鋒斷刑辟之重德陋俗薄以致苛刻昔孝文竇","後性好黃老而清靜之化流景武之間臣愚以為宜","下明詔博求幽隱發揚巖穴寵進儒雅有如孝宮者","徵詣公車以俟聖上講習之期公卿各舉明經及舊","儒子孫進其爵位使纘其業復召郡國書佐使讀律","令如此則延頸者日有所見傾耳者月有所聞伏願","陛下推述先帝進業之道","朱子大全集","行宮便殿奏札","臣竊惟皇帝陛下祗膺駿命恭御寶圖正位之初未","遑他事而首以博延儒臣討論經藝為急先之務蓋","將求多聞以建事學古訓而有獲非若記問愚儒詞","章小技誇多以為博鬥靡以為工而巳也如是則勸","講之官所宜遴選顧乃不擇誤及妄庸則臣竊以為","過矣蓋臣天資至愚極陋雖嘗挾策讀書妄以求聖","賢之遺旨而行之不力老矣無聞況於帝王之學則","固未之講也其何以當擢任之寵而辱顧問之勤乎","是以聞命驚惶不敢奉詔然嘗聞之人之有是生也","天固與之以仁義禮智之性而敘其君臣父子之倫","制其事物當然之則矣以其氣質之有偏物慾之有","蔽也是以或昧其性以亂其倫敗其則而不知反必","其學以開之然後有以正心修身而為齊家治國之","本此人之所以不可不學而其所以學者初非記問","詞章之謂而亦非有聖愚貴賤之殊也以是而言則","臣之所嘗用力固有可為陛下言者請遂陳之蓋為","學之道莫先於窮理窮理之要必在於讀書讀書之","法莫貴於循序而致精而致精之本則又在於居敬","而持志此不易之理也夫天下之事莫不有理為君","臣者有君臣之理為父子者有父子之理為夫婦為","兄弟為朋友以至於出入起居應事接物之際亦莫","不各有理焉有以窮之則自君臣之大以至事物之","微莫不知其所以然與其所當然而無纖芥之疑善","則從之惡則去之而無毫髮之累此為學所以莫先","於窮理也至論天下之理則要妙精微各有攸當亙","古亙今不可移易惟古之聖人為能盡之而其所行","所言無不可為天下後世不易之大法其餘則順之","者為君子而吉背之者為小人而兇吉之大者則能","保四海而可以為法兇之甚者則不能保其身而可","以為戒是其粲然之跡必然之效蓋莫不具於經訓","史冊之中欲窮天下之理而不即是而求之則是正","牆面而立爾此窮理所以必在乎讀書也若夫讀書","則其不好之者固怠忽間斷而無所成矣其好之者","又不免乎貪多而務廣往往未啟其端而遽已欲探","其終未究乎此而忽已志在乎彼是以雖復終日勤","勞不得休息而意緒□□常若有所奔趨迫逐而無","從容涵泳之樂是又安能深信自得常久不厭以異","於彼之怠忽間斷而無所成者哉孔子所謂欲速則","不達孟子所謂進銳者退速正謂此也誠能鑑此而","有以反之則心潛於一久而不移而所讀之書文意","接連血脈通貫自然漸漬浹洽心與理會而善之為","勸者深惡之為戒者切矣此循序致精所以為讀書","之法也若夫致精之本則在於心而心之為物至虛","至靈神妙不測常為一身之主以提萬事之綱而不","可有傾刻之不存者也一不自覺而馳騖飛揚以徇","物慾於軀殼之外則一身無主萬事無綱雖其俯仰","顧盼之間蓋已不自覺其身之所在而況能反覆聖","言參考事物以求義理至當之歸乎孔子所謂君子","不重則不威學則不固孟子所謂學問之道無他求","其放心而已矣者正謂此也"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"聖學部總論","section_title":"易經","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"聖學部總論","section_title":"乾卦","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","chapter_title":"聖學部總論","section_title":"書經","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","chapter_title":"聖學部總論","section_title":"虞書大禹謨","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","chapter_title":"聖學部總論","section_title":"詩經","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","chapter_title":"聖學部總論","section_title":"周頌敬之","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","chapter_title":"聖學部總論","section_title":"禮記","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","chapter_title":"聖學部總論","section_title":"學記","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","chapter_title":"聖學部總論","section_title":"陳","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","chapter_title":"聖學部總論","section_title":"陳","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","chapter_title":"聖學部總論","section_title":"後漢書","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-12","chapter_title":"聖學部總論","section_title":"樊準傳","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 聖學部總論\n## 易經\n## 乾卦\n文言曰君子學以聚之問以辨之\n程\n傳\n聖人在下雖巳顯而未得位則進德修業而已\n## 書經\n## 虞書大禹謨\n人心惟危道心惟微惟精惟一允執厥中\n蔡\n傳\n人心易私而難公故危道心難明而易昧故微\n惟能精以察之而不雜形氣之私一以守之而純\n乎義理之正道心常為之主而人心聽命焉則危\n者安微者著動靜云為自無過不及之差而信能\n執其中矣\n商書仲虺之誥\n予聞曰能自得師者王謂人莫己若者亡好問則裕\n自用則小\n蔡\n傳\n言隆師好問則德尊業廣自賢自用者反是謂\n之自得師者真知己之不足人之有餘委心聽順\n而無拂逆之謂也\n說命下\n說曰王人求多聞時惟建事學於古訓乃有獲事不\n師古以克永世匪說攸聞\n大\n全\n呂氏曰學問之博貴有實用非徒為觀美也大\n而建立大經經綸大義彌綸大化至於贊天地化\n育皆所謂建事也此所謂有用之學否則所聞雖\n多亦奚以為　陳氏雅言曰求多聞者建事之本\n而學古訓者明理之要\n惟學遜志務時敏厥修乃來允懷於茲道積於厥躬\n蔡\n傳\n遜其志如有所不能敏於學如有所不及虛以\n受人勤以勵己則其所修如泉始達源源乎其來\n矣\n大\n全\n呂氏曰為學之初先要虛心下氣方能受天\n下之善若氣高則便與為學工夫相背\n惟學半念終始典於學厥德修罔覺\n蔡\n傳\n言教人居學之半蓋道積厥躬者體之立學\n於人者用之行兼體用合內外而後聖學可全也\n監於先王成憲其永無愆\n蔡\n傳\n言德雖造於罔覺而法必監於先王先王成法\n子孫之所當守者也孟子言遵先王之法而過者\n未之有也亦此意\n大\n全\n陳氏經曰自遜志至典學乃\n學之次序監先王成憲乃學之準的\n## 詩經\n## 周頌敬之\n敬之敬之天維顯思命不易哉無曰高高在上陟降\n厥士日監在茲維予小子不聰敬止日就月將學有\n緝熙於光明\n朱\n注\n成王受群臣之戒而述其言\n大\n全\n慶源輔氏曰不\n聰知有所不及之事不敬行有所未至之事日就\n就事上言月將就大本上言成王自知其知與行\n皆有所未至故欲勉學問庶幾日於事上有所就\n月於本上有所將繼續不已以至於光明也\n## 禮記\n## 學記\n發慮憲求善良足以謏聞不足以動眾就賢體遠足\n以動眾未足以化民君子如欲化民成俗其必由學\n乎\n## 陳\n注\n化民成俗必如唐虞之於變時雍乃為至耳然\n則舍學何以哉此乃大學之道明德新民之事也\n玉不琢不成器人不學不知道是故古之王者建國\n君民教學為先兌命曰念終始典於學其此之謂乎\n## 陳\n注\n建國君民謂建立邦國以君長其民也教學為\n先以立教立學為先務也\n賈誼新書\n修政語\n湯曰學聖王之道譬其如日靜思而獨居譬其若火\n夫舍學聖之道而靜居獨思譬其去日之明於庭而\n就火之光於室也然可以小見而不可以大知是故\n明君而君子貴尚學道而賤下獨思也\n## 後漢書\n## 樊準傳\n準上疏曰臣聞賈誼有言人君不可以不學故雖大\n舜聖德孳孳為善成王賢主崇明師尃及光武皇帝\n受命中興群雄崩擾旌旗亂野東西誅戰不遑啟處\n然猶投戈講藝息馬論道至孝明皇帝兼天地之資\n用日月之明庶政萬機無不簡心而垂情古典遊意\n經藝每饗射禮畢正坐自講諸儒□聽四方欣欣雖\n闕里之化矍相之事誠不足言又多徵名儒以充禮\n官如沛國趙孝琅邪承宮等或安車結駟告歸鄉里\n或豐衣博帶從見宗廟其餘以經術見優者布在廊\n廟故朝多皤皤華首之老每燕會則論難衎衎共求\n政化詳覽群言響如振玉朝者進而思政罷者退而\n備問小大隨化雍雍可嘉期門羽林介冑之士悉通\n孝經博士議郎一人開門徒眾百數化自聖躬流及\n蠻荒匈奴遣伊秩訾王大車且渠來入就學八方肅\n清上下無事是以議者每稱盛時鹹言永平今學者\n蓋少遠方尤甚博士倚席不講儒者競論浮麗忘謇\n謇之忠習諓諓之辭文吏則去法律而學詆欺銳錐\n刀之鋒斷刑辟之重德陋俗薄以致苛刻昔孝文竇\n後性好黃老而清靜之化流景武之間臣愚以為宜\n下明詔博求幽隱發揚巖穴寵進儒雅有如孝宮者\n徵詣公車以俟聖上講習之期公卿各舉明經及舊\n儒子孫進其爵位使纘其業復召郡國書佐使讀律\n令如此則延頸者日有所見傾耳者月有所聞伏願\n陛下推述先帝進業之道\n朱子大全集\n行宮便殿奏札\n臣竊惟皇帝陛下祗膺駿命恭御寶圖正位之初未\n遑他事而首以博延儒臣討論經藝為急先之務蓋\n將求多聞以建事學古訓而有獲非若記問愚儒詞\n章小技誇多以為博鬥靡以為工而巳也如是則勸\n講之官所宜遴選顧乃不擇誤及妄庸則臣竊以為\n過矣蓋臣天資至愚極陋雖嘗挾策讀書妄以求聖\n賢之遺旨而行之不力老矣無聞況於帝王之學則\n固未之講也其何以當擢任之寵而辱顧問之勤乎\n是以聞命驚惶不敢奉詔然嘗聞之人之有是生也\n天固與之以仁義禮智之性而敘其君臣父子之倫\n制其事物當然之則矣以其氣質之有偏物慾之有\n蔽也是以或昧其性以亂其倫敗其則而不知反必\n其學以開之然後有以正心修身而為齊家治國之\n本此人之所以不可不學而其所以學者初非記問\n詞章之謂而亦非有聖愚貴賤之殊也以是而言則\n臣之所嘗用力固有可為陛下言者請遂陳之蓋為\n學之道莫先於窮理窮理之要必在於讀書讀書之\n法莫貴於循序而致精而致精之本則又在於居敬\n而持志此不易之理也夫天下之事莫不有理為君\n臣者有君臣之理為父子者有父子之理為夫婦為\n兄弟為朋友以至於出入起居應事接物之際亦莫\n不各有理焉有以窮之則自君臣之大以至事物之\n微莫不知其所以然與其所當然而無纖芥之疑善\n則從之惡則去之而無毫髮之累此為學所以莫先\n於窮理也至論天下之理則要妙精微各有攸當亙\n古亙今不可移易惟古之聖人為能盡之而其所行\n所言無不可為天下後世不易之大法其餘則順之\n者為君子而吉背之者為小人而兇吉之大者則能\n保四海而可以為法兇之甚者則不能保其身而可\n以為戒是其粲然之跡必然之效蓋莫不具於經訓\n史冊之中欲窮天下之理而不即是而求之則是正\n牆面而立爾此窮理所以必在乎讀書也若夫讀書\n則其不好之者固怠忽間斷而無所成矣其好之者\n又不免乎貪多而務廣往往未啟其端而遽已欲探\n其終未究乎此而忽已志在乎彼是以雖復終日勤\n勞不得休息而意緒□□常若有所奔趨迫逐而無\n從容涵泳之樂是又安能深信自得常久不厭以異\n於彼之怠忽間斷而無所成者哉孔子所謂欲速則\n不達孟子所謂進銳者退速正謂此也誠能鑑此而\n有以反之則心潛於一久而不移而所讀之書文意\n接連血脈通貫自然漸漬浹洽心與理會而善之為\n勸者深惡之為戒者切矣此循序致精所以為讀書\n之法也若夫致精之本則在於心而心之為物至虛\n至靈神妙不測常為一身之主以提萬事之綱而不\n可有傾刻之不存者也一不自覺而馳騖飛揚以徇\n物慾於軀殼之外則一身無主萬事無綱雖其俯仰\n顧盼之間蓋已不自覺其身之所在而況能反覆聖\n言參考事物以求義理至當之歸乎孔子所謂君子\n不重則不威學則不固孟子所謂學問之道無他求\n其放心而已矣者正謂此也","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}