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古今圖書整合262\n君臣部總論\n易經\n泰卦\n泰小往大來吉亨彖曰泰小往大來吉亨則是天地\n交而萬物通也上下交而其志同也內陽而外陰內\n健而外順內君子而外小人君子道長小人道消也\n本\n義\n泰通也為卦天地交而二氣通故為泰正月之\n卦也小謂陰大謂陽\n大\n全\n丘氏曰天地之形不可交\n而以氣交氣交而物通者天地之泰也上下之分\n不可交而以心交心交而志同者人事之泰也\n否卦\n否之匪人不利君子貞大往小來彖曰否之匪人不\n利君子貞大往小來則是天地不交而萬物不通也\n上下不交而天下□邦也內陰而外陽內柔而外剛\n內小人而外君子小人道長君子道消也象曰天地\n不交否君子以儉德闢難不可榮以祿\n臨卦\n九二鹹臨吉□不利\n程\n傳\n二方陽長而漸盛感動於六五中順之君其交\n之親故見信任得行其志所臨吉而□不利也\n又\n六五知臨大君之宜吉\n程\n傳\n五以柔中順體居尊位而下應於二剛中之臣\n是能倚任於二不勞而治以知臨下者也\n本\n義\n以柔\n居中下應九二不自用而任人乃知之事而大君\n之宜吉之道也\n象曰大君之宜行中之謂也\n程\n傳\n君臣道合蓋以氣類相求五有中德故能倚任\n剛中之賢得大君之宜成知臨之功蓋由行其中\n德也人君之於賢才非道同德合豈能用也\n蹇卦\n六二王臣蹇蹇匪躬之故\n程\n傳\n二以中正之德與五相應是中正之人為中正\n之君所信任故謂之王臣雖上下同德而五方在\n大蹇之中致力於蹇難之時其艱蹇至甚故為蹇\n於蹇也二雖中正以陰柔之才豈易勝其任所以\n蹇於蹇也志在濟君於蹇難之中其蹇蹇者非為\n身之故也雖使不勝志義可嘉故稱其忠藎不為\n已也\n又\n九五大蹇朋來\n程\n傳\n五居君位而在蹇難之中是天下之大蹇也二\n在下以中正相應是其朋助之來也自古聖王濟\n天下之蹇未有不由賢聖之臣為之助者湯武得\n伊呂是也中常之君得剛明之臣而能濟大難者\n則有矣劉禪之孔明唐肅宗之郭子儀德宗之李\n晟是也\n大\n全\n或問大蹇朋來之義朱子曰處九五尊\n位而居蹇之中所以為大蹇所謂遺大投艱於朕\n躬人君當此之時須屈群策用群力乃可濟也\n書經\n虞書大禹謨\n曰若稽古大禹曰文命敷於四海祗承於帝曰後克\n艱厥後臣克艱厥臣政乃乂黎民敏德\n皋陶謨\n同寅協恭和衷哉政事懋哉懋哉\n蔡\n傳\n君臣當同其寅畏協其恭敬誠一無間融會流\n通而民彝物則各得其正所謂和衷也爵賞刑罰\n乃人君之政事君主之臣用之當勉勉而不可怠\n者也\n益稷\n帝曰籲臣哉鄰哉鄰哉臣哉禹曰俞\n大\n全\n孔氏曰鄰近也君臣道近相須而成　陳氏經\n曰臣當親近我而助我故曰臣哉鄰哉親我助我\n乃盡為臣之道故曰鄰哉臣哉　鄒氏補之曰臣\n謹其分也鄰忘其分也臣而復鄰嚴不至於苛鄰\n而又臣和不至於流\n帝曰臣作朕股肱耳目予欲左右有民汝翼予欲宣\n力四方汝為予欲觀古人之象日月星辰山龍華蟲\n作會宗彝藻火粉米黼黻絺繡以五采彰施於五色\n作服汝明予欲聞六律五聲八音在治忽以出納五\n言汝聽\n蔡\n傳\n此言臣所以為鄰之義也君元首也君資臣以\n為助猶元首須股肱耳目以為用也言我欲左右\n有民則資汝以為助欲宣力四方則資汝以有為\n也汝明者汝當明其小大尊卑之等差也在察也\n忽治之反也言汝當審樂而察政治之得失者也\n又\n帝庸作歌曰□天之命惟時惟幾乃歌曰股肱喜哉\n元首起哉百工熙哉皋陶拜手稽首揚言曰念哉率\n作興事慎乃憲欽哉屢省乃成欽哉乃賡載歌曰元\n首明哉股肱良哉庶事康哉又歌曰元首叢脞哉股\n肱惰哉萬事墮哉帝拜曰俞往欽哉\n蔡\n傳\n此舜將欲作歌而先述其所以歌之意皋陶將\n欲賡歌而先述其所以歌之意舜作歌而責難於\n臣皋陶賡歌而責難於君君臣之相責難者如此\n有虞之治茲所以為不可及也\n商書太甲上\n惟嗣王不惠於阿衡伊尹作書曰先王顧諟天之明\n命以承上下神祇社稷宗廟罔不祗肅天監厥德用\n集大命撫綏萬方惟尹躬克左右厥闢宅師肆嗣王\n丕承基緒\n蔡\n傳\n伊尹言成湯常目在是天之明命以奉天地神\n祗社稷宗廟無不敬肅故天視其德用集大命以\n有天下撫安萬邦我又身能左右成湯以居民眾\n故嗣王得以大成其基業也\n惟尹躬先見於西邑夏自周有終相亦惟終其後嗣\n王罔克有終相亦罔終嗣王戒哉祗爾厥闢辟不闢\n忝厥祖\n太甲下\n君罔以辯言亂舊政臣罔以寵利居成功邦其永孚\n於休\n蔡\n傳\n君臣各盡其道邦國永信其休美也\n鹹有一德\n惟尹躬暨湯鹹有一德克享天心受天明命以有九\n有之師\n蔡\n傳\n君臣皆有一德故能上當天心受天明命而有\n天下\n說命中\n明王奉若天道建邦設都樹后王君公承以大夫師\n長不惟逸豫惟以亂民\n蔡\n傳\n製為君臣上下之禮以尊臨卑以下奉上非為\n一人逸豫之計而已也惟欲以治民焉耳\n惟天聰明惟聖時憲惟臣欽若\n孔\n傳\n言聖王法天以立教臣敬順而奉之\n說命下\n股肱惟人良臣惟聖\n蔡\n傳\n手足備而成人良臣輔而君聖\n又\n惟後非賢不乂惟賢非後不食\n蔡\n傳\n君非賢臣不與共治賢非其君不與共食言君\n臣相遇之難如此\n周書呂刑\n穆穆在上明明在下灼於四方罔不惟德之勤\n蔡\n傳\n穆穆者和敬之容也明明者精白之容也灼於\n四方者穆穆明明輝光發越而四達也君臣之德\n昭明如是故民皆觀感動盪為善而不能自已也\n詩經\n大雅假樂\n假樂君子顯顯令德宜民宜人受祿於天保右命之\n自天申之\n朱\n注\n君子指王也民庶民也人在位者也\n又\n威儀抑抑德音秩秩無怨無惡率由群匹受福無疆\n四方之綱\n朱\n注\n言有威儀聲譽之美又能無私怨惡以任眾賢\n是以能受無疆之福為四方之綱\n大\n全\n輔氏曰率由\n群匹能盡用天下之賢也\n之綱之紀燕及朋友百辟卿士媚於天子不解於位\n民之攸□\n朱\n注\n解惰□息也言人君能綱紀四方而臣下賴之\n以安則百辟卿士媚而愛之維欲其不解於位而\n為民所安息也　東萊呂氏曰君燕其臣臣媚其\n君此上下交而為泰之時也泰之時所憂者怠荒\n而已此詩所以終於不解於位民之攸□也方嘉\n之又規之者蓋皋陶賡歌之意也\n卷阿\n有馮有翼有孝有德以引以翼豈弟君子四方為則\n朱\n注\n馮謂可為依者翼謂可為輔者孝謂能事親者\n德謂得於己者引導其前也翼相其左右也言得\n賢以自輔如此則其德日修而四方以為則矣\n顒顒卬卬如圭如璋令聞令望豈弟君子四方為綱\n朱\n注\n承上章言得馮翼孝德之助則能如此而四方\n以為綱矣\n鳳凰于飛翽翽其羽亦集爰止藹藹王多吉士維君\n子使媚於天子\n鳳凰于飛翽翽其羽亦傅於天藹藹王多吉人維君\n子命媚於庶人\n大\n全\n迭山謝氏曰媚於天子愛君也媚於庶人為王\n愛其民也\n烝民\n天監有周昭假於下保茲天子生仲山甫\n朱\n注\n天之監視有周能以昭明之德感格於下故保\n佑之而為之生此賢佐曰仲山甫焉\n又\n王命仲山甫式是百辟纘戎袓考王躬是保出納王\n命王之喉舌賦政於外四方爰發\n朱\n注\n王躬是保所謂保其身體者也出承而布之也\n納行而復之也喉舌所以出言也發發而應之也\n肅肅王命仲山甫將之邦國若否仲山甫明之既明\n且哲以保其身夙夜匪懈以事一人\n又\n袞職有闕仲山甫補之","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}