{"resource_id":6010,"title":"古今图书集成253","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"古今圖書整合253","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["祖孫部匯考","爾雅","釋親","父之考為王父父之妣為王母","注","加王者尊之","王父之考為曾祖王父王父之妣為曾祖王母","注","曾猶重也","曾祖王父之考為高祖王父曾祖王父之妣為高祖","王母","注","高者言最在上","父之世父叔父為從祖祖父父之世母叔母為從祖","祖母","注","從祖而別世統異故","又","子之子為孫","注","孫猶後也","孫之子為曾孫","曾孫之子為元孫","注","元者言親屬微昧也","元孫之子為來孫","注","言有往來之親","來孫之子為晜孫","注","晜後也汲冢竹書曰不窋之晜孫","晜孫之子為仍孫","注","仍亦重也","仍孫之子為雲孫","注","言輕遠如浮雲","漢劉熙釋名","釋親屬","祖祚也祚物先也又謂之王父王暀也家中所歸往","也王母亦如之","曾祖從下推上祖位轉增益也","高祖高皋也最在上皋□諸下也","又","孫遜也遜遁在後生也","曾孫義如曾祖也","元孫元懸也上懸於高祖最在下也","元孫之子曰來孫此在無服之外其意□遠呼之乃","來也","來孫之子曰昆孫昆貫也恩情轉遠以禮貫連之耳","昆孫之子曰仍孫以禮仍有之耳恩意實遠也","仍孫之子曰云孫言去己遠如浮雲也皆為早娶晚","死壽考者言也","又","父之世叔父母曰從祖父母言從己親祖別而下也","亦言隨從己祖以為名也","祖孫部總論","禮記","曲禮","禮曰君子抱孫不抱子此言孫可以為王父屍子不","可以為父屍","陳","注","呂氏曰抱孫不抱子古禮經語也曾子問曰孫","幼則使人抱之抱孫之為言生於孫幼且明屍必","以孫以昭穆之同也古之祭祀必有屍屍神象也","主人之事屍以子事父也屍必筮求諸神而不敢","專也","又","逮事父母則諱王父母不逮事父母則不諱王父母","陳","注","庶人父母早死不聞父之諱其祖故亦不諱其","祖有廟以事祖者則不然也","曾子問","曾子問曰祭必有屍乎若厭祭亦可乎孔子曰祭或","喪者必有屍屍必以孫孫幼則使人抱之無孫則取","於同姓可也祭殤必厭蓋弗成也祭成喪而無屍是","殤之也","陳","注","曾子之意疑立屍而祭無益死者故問祭時必","合有屍乎若厭祭亦可乎蓋祭初陰厭屍猶未入","祭終而陽厭在屍既起之後是厭祭無屍也孔子","言成人威儀具備必有屍以象神之威儀所以祭","成人之喪者必有屍也屍必以孫以昭穆之位同","也取於同姓亦謂孫之等列也祭殤者不立屍而","厭祭以其年幼少未能有成人之威儀不足可象","故不立屍也若祭成人而無屍是以殤待之矣","郊特牲","卜郊受命於祖廟作龜於禰宮尊祖親考之義也","又","萬物本乎天人本乎祖此所以配上帝也郊之祭也","大報本反始也","內則","凡父在孫見於祖祖亦名之禮如子見父無辭","陳","注","應氏曰辭者夫婦所以相授受也祖尊故有其","禮而無其辭","大","全","父在謂祖在也據子之文稱之故","曰父爾以祖名之而不以父者家事統於尊故也","喪服小記","祖父卒而後為祖母后者三年","陳","注","適孫無父既為祖三年矣今祖母又死亦終三","年之制蓋祖在而喪祖母則如父在而為母期也","子死則孫為後故以為後者言之","雜記","男子附於王父則配女子附於王母則不配","陳","注","男子死而附祖者其祝辭雲以某妃配某氏是","並祭王母也未嫁之女及嫁未三月而死歸葬女","氏之黨者其附於祖母者惟得祭祖母不祭王父","也故云附於王母則不配蓋不言以某妃配某氏","耳有事於尊者可以及卑有事於卑者不敢援尊","也","祭統","夫鼎有銘銘者自名也自名以稱揚其先祖之美而","明著之後世者也為先祖者莫不有美焉莫不有惡","焉銘之義稱美而不稱惡此孝子孝孫之心也唯賢","者能之","銘者論撰其先祖之有德善功烈勳勞慶賞聲名列","於天下而酌之祭器自成其名焉以示先祖者也顯","揚先祖所以崇孝也身比焉順也明示後世教也","陳","注","祭器鼎彝之屬自成其名者自成其顯揚先祖","之孝也比次也謂己名次於先祖之下也順無所","違於禮也示後世而使子孫效其所為則是教也","又","古之君子論撰其先祖之美而明著之後世者也以","比其身以重其國家如此子孫之守宗廟社稷者其","先祖無美而稱之是誣也有善而弗知不明也知而","弗傳不仁也此三者君子之所恥也","陳","注","勳在鼎彝是國有賢臣也故足為國家之重","大","全","嚴陵方氏曰無美而稱之則不足以取信於人故","曰是誣也有善而弗知則其明不足以見之也知","而弗傳則其仁不足以與之也為人之子孫不明","不信而且誣焉則辱莫甚矣","儀禮","喪服","祖父母","疏","釋曰孫為之服喪服條例皆親而尊者在先故","斬章先父三年齊衰先母此不杖期先祖亦是其","次若然此章有降有正有義服之本制若為父期","祖合大功為父母加隆至三年祖亦加隆至期是","以祖在於章首得其宜也","傳曰何以期也至尊也","疏","釋曰云何以期也至尊也者此據母而問所生","之母至親惟期而已祖與孫止大功孫為祖既疏","何以亦期答雲至尊也者祖為孫降至大功似父","母於子降至期祖雖非至親是至尊故期若然不","雲祖至尊而直雲至尊者以是父之至尊非孫之","至尊故直雲至尊也","又","適孫","疏","釋曰孫卑於昆弟故次之此謂適子死其適孫","承重者祖為之期","傳曰何以期也不敢降其適也有適子者無適孫孫","婦亦如之","注","周之道適子死則立適孫是適孫將上為祖後","者也長子在則皆庶孫耳孫婦亦如之適婦在亦","為庶孫之婦凡父於將為後者非長子皆期也","又","曾祖父母","疏","釋曰曾高本合小功加至齊衰故次繼父之下","此經直雲曾祖不言高祖案下緦麻章鄭注云族","祖父者亦高祖之孫則高祖有服明矣是以此注","亦兼曾高而說也若然此曾祖之內合有高祖可","知不言者見其同服故也","傳曰何以齊衰三月也小功者兄弟之服也不敢以","兄弟之服服至尊也","注","正言小功者服之數盡於五則高祖宜緦麻曾","祖宜小功也據祖期則曾祖大功高祖宜小功也","高祖曾祖皆有小功之差則曾孫元孫為之服同","也重其衰麻尊尊也減其日月恩殺也","疏","釋曰云","何以齊衰三月也者問者怪其三月大輕齊衰又","重故發問也雲小功者兄弟之服也案下記傳雲","凡小功已下為兄弟是以雲小功者兄弟之服也","雲不敢以兄弟之服服至尊也者傳釋服齊衰之","意也　釋曰云正言小功者服之數盡於五者自","斬至緦是也雲則高祖宜緦麻曾祖宜小功也者","據為父期而言故三年問云何以至期也曰至親","以期斷是何也曰天地則已易矣四時則已變矣","其在天地之中莫不更始焉以是象之也彼又云","然則何以三年也曰加隆焉爾也加使倍之故再","期也是本為父母加隆至三年故以父為本而上","殺下殺也是故言為高祖緦麻者謂為父期為祖","宜大功曾祖宜小功高祖宜緦麻又云據祖期是","為父加隆三年為祖宜期曾祖宜大功高祖宜小","功故鄭雲高祖曾祖皆有小功之差此鄭總釋傳","雲小功者兄弟之服其中含有高曾二祖而言之","也又云則曾孫元孫為之服同也者曾祖中既兼","有高祖是以雲曾孫元孫各為之齊衰三月也雲","重其衰麻尊尊也者既不以兄弟之服服至尊故","雲重其衰麻謂以義服六升衰九升冠此尊尊者","也雲減其日月恩殺也者謂減五月為三月者因","曾高於己非一體恩殺故也","又","曾孫","注","孫之子","疏","釋曰據曾祖為之緦不言元孫者此","亦如齊衰三月章直見曾祖不言高祖以其曾孫","元孫為曾高同曾"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"古今圖書整合253","section_title":"正文","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 古今圖書整合253\n祖孫部匯考\n爾雅\n釋親\n父之考為王父父之妣為王母\n注\n加王者尊之\n王父之考為曾祖王父王父之妣為曾祖王母\n注\n曾猶重也\n曾祖王父之考為高祖王父曾祖王父之妣為高祖\n王母\n注\n高者言最在上\n父之世父叔父為從祖祖父父之世母叔母為從祖\n祖母\n注\n從祖而別世統異故\n又\n子之子為孫\n注\n孫猶後也\n孫之子為曾孫\n曾孫之子為元孫\n注\n元者言親屬微昧也\n元孫之子為來孫\n注\n言有往來之親\n來孫之子為晜孫\n注\n晜後也汲冢竹書曰不窋之晜孫\n晜孫之子為仍孫\n注\n仍亦重也\n仍孫之子為雲孫\n注\n言輕遠如浮雲\n漢劉熙釋名\n釋親屬\n祖祚也祚物先也又謂之王父王暀也家中所歸往\n也王母亦如之\n曾祖從下推上祖位轉增益也\n高祖高皋也最在上皋□諸下也\n又\n孫遜也遜遁在後生也\n曾孫義如曾祖也\n元孫元懸也上懸於高祖最在下也\n元孫之子曰來孫此在無服之外其意□遠呼之乃\n來也\n來孫之子曰昆孫昆貫也恩情轉遠以禮貫連之耳\n昆孫之子曰仍孫以禮仍有之耳恩意實遠也\n仍孫之子曰云孫言去己遠如浮雲也皆為早娶晚\n死壽考者言也\n又\n父之世叔父母曰從祖父母言從己親祖別而下也\n亦言隨從己祖以為名也\n祖孫部總論\n禮記\n曲禮\n禮曰君子抱孫不抱子此言孫可以為王父屍子不\n可以為父屍\n陳\n注\n呂氏曰抱孫不抱子古禮經語也曾子問曰孫\n幼則使人抱之抱孫之為言生於孫幼且明屍必\n以孫以昭穆之同也古之祭祀必有屍屍神象也\n主人之事屍以子事父也屍必筮求諸神而不敢\n專也\n又\n逮事父母則諱王父母不逮事父母則不諱王父母\n陳\n注\n庶人父母早死不聞父之諱其祖故亦不諱其\n祖有廟以事祖者則不然也\n曾子問\n曾子問曰祭必有屍乎若厭祭亦可乎孔子曰祭或\n喪者必有屍屍必以孫孫幼則使人抱之無孫則取\n於同姓可也祭殤必厭蓋弗成也祭成喪而無屍是\n殤之也\n陳\n注\n曾子之意疑立屍而祭無益死者故問祭時必\n合有屍乎若厭祭亦可乎蓋祭初陰厭屍猶未入\n祭終而陽厭在屍既起之後是厭祭無屍也孔子\n言成人威儀具備必有屍以象神之威儀所以祭\n成人之喪者必有屍也屍必以孫以昭穆之位同\n也取於同姓亦謂孫之等列也祭殤者不立屍而\n厭祭以其年幼少未能有成人之威儀不足可象\n故不立屍也若祭成人而無屍是以殤待之矣\n郊特牲\n卜郊受命於祖廟作龜於禰宮尊祖親考之義也\n又\n萬物本乎天人本乎祖此所以配上帝也郊之祭也\n大報本反始也\n內則\n凡父在孫見於祖祖亦名之禮如子見父無辭\n陳\n注\n應氏曰辭者夫婦所以相授受也祖尊故有其\n禮而無其辭\n大\n全\n父在謂祖在也據子之文稱之故\n曰父爾以祖名之而不以父者家事統於尊故也\n喪服小記\n祖父卒而後為祖母后者三年\n陳\n注\n適孫無父既為祖三年矣今祖母又死亦終三\n年之制蓋祖在而喪祖母則如父在而為母期也\n子死則孫為後故以為後者言之\n雜記\n男子附於王父則配女子附於王母則不配\n陳\n注\n男子死而附祖者其祝辭雲以某妃配某氏是\n並祭王母也未嫁之女及嫁未三月而死歸葬女\n氏之黨者其附於祖母者惟得祭祖母不祭王父\n也故云附於王母則不配蓋不言以某妃配某氏\n耳有事於尊者可以及卑有事於卑者不敢援尊\n也\n祭統\n夫鼎有銘銘者自名也自名以稱揚其先祖之美而\n明著之後世者也為先祖者莫不有美焉莫不有惡\n焉銘之義稱美而不稱惡此孝子孝孫之心也唯賢\n者能之\n銘者論撰其先祖之有德善功烈勳勞慶賞聲名列\n於天下而酌之祭器自成其名焉以示先祖者也顯\n揚先祖所以崇孝也身比焉順也明示後世教也\n陳\n注\n祭器鼎彝之屬自成其名者自成其顯揚先祖\n之孝也比次也謂己名次於先祖之下也順無所\n違於禮也示後世而使子孫效其所為則是教也\n又\n古之君子論撰其先祖之美而明著之後世者也以\n比其身以重其國家如此子孫之守宗廟社稷者其\n先祖無美而稱之是誣也有善而弗知不明也知而\n弗傳不仁也此三者君子之所恥也\n陳\n注\n勳在鼎彝是國有賢臣也故足為國家之重\n大\n全\n嚴陵方氏曰無美而稱之則不足以取信於人故\n曰是誣也有善而弗知則其明不足以見之也知\n而弗傳則其仁不足以與之也為人之子孫不明\n不信而且誣焉則辱莫甚矣\n儀禮\n喪服\n祖父母\n疏\n釋曰孫為之服喪服條例皆親而尊者在先故\n斬章先父三年齊衰先母此不杖期先祖亦是其\n次若然此章有降有正有義服之本制若為父期\n祖合大功為父母加隆至三年祖亦加隆至期是\n以祖在於章首得其宜也\n傳曰何以期也至尊也\n疏\n釋曰云何以期也至尊也者此據母而問所生\n之母至親惟期而已祖與孫止大功孫為祖既疏\n何以亦期答雲至尊也者祖為孫降至大功似父\n母於子降至期祖雖非至親是至尊故期若然不\n雲祖至尊而直雲至尊者以是父之至尊非孫之\n至尊故直雲至尊也\n又\n適孫\n疏\n釋曰孫卑於昆弟故次之此謂適子死其適孫\n承重者祖為之期\n傳曰何以期也不敢降其適也有適子者無適孫孫\n婦亦如之\n注\n周之道適子死則立適孫是適孫將上為祖後\n者也長子在則皆庶孫耳孫婦亦如之適婦在亦\n為庶孫之婦凡父於將為後者非長子皆期也\n又\n曾祖父母\n疏\n釋曰曾高本合小功加至齊衰故次繼父之下\n此經直雲曾祖不言高祖案下緦麻章鄭注云族\n祖父者亦高祖之孫則高祖有服明矣是以此注\n亦兼曾高而說也若然此曾祖之內合有高祖可\n知不言者見其同服故也\n傳曰何以齊衰三月也小功者兄弟之服也不敢以\n兄弟之服服至尊也\n注\n正言小功者服之數盡於五則高祖宜緦麻曾\n祖宜小功也據祖期則曾祖大功高祖宜小功也\n高祖曾祖皆有小功之差則曾孫元孫為之服同\n也重其衰麻尊尊也減其日月恩殺也\n疏\n釋曰云\n何以齊衰三月也者問者怪其三月大輕齊衰又\n重故發問也雲小功者兄弟之服也案下記傳雲\n凡小功已下為兄弟是以雲小功者兄弟之服也\n雲不敢以兄弟之服服至尊也者傳釋服齊衰之\n意也　釋曰云正言小功者服之數盡於五者自\n斬至緦是也雲則高祖宜緦麻曾祖宜小功也者\n據為父期而言故三年問云何以至期也曰至親\n以期斷是何也曰天地則已易矣四時則已變矣\n其在天地之中莫不更始焉以是象之也彼又云\n然則何以三年也曰加隆焉爾也加使倍之故再\n期也是本為父母加隆至三年故以父為本而上\n殺下殺也是故言為高祖緦麻者謂為父期為祖\n宜大功曾祖宜小功高祖宜緦麻又云據祖期是\n為父加隆三年為祖宜期曾祖宜大功高祖宜小\n功故鄭雲高祖曾祖皆有小功之差此鄭總釋傳\n雲小功者兄弟之服其中含有高曾二祖而言之\n也又云則曾孫元孫為之服同也者曾祖中既兼\n有高祖是以雲曾孫元孫各為之齊衰三月也雲\n重其衰麻尊尊也者既不以兄弟之服服至尊故\n雲重其衰麻謂以義服六升衰九升冠此尊尊者\n也雲減其日月恩殺也者謂減五月為三月者因\n曾高於己非一體恩殺故也\n又\n曾孫\n注\n孫之子\n疏\n釋曰據曾祖為之緦不言元孫者此\n亦如齊衰三月章直見曾祖不言高祖以其曾孫\n元孫為曾高同曾","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}