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古今圖書整合247\n教子部總論\n書經\n舜典\n帝曰夔命汝典樂教胄子\n蔡\n注\n胄長也自天子至卿大夫之適子也教之之具\n在於樂如周禮大司樂掌成均之法以教國子弟\n而孔子亦曰興於詩成於樂蓋所以盪滌邪穢斟\n酌飽滿動盪血脈流通精神養其中和之德而救\n其氣質之偏者也\n大\n全\n陳氏雅言曰天子之元子眾\n子與公卿大夫之適子皆將有天下國家之責故\n不可不素教而預養之教之之道莫大於成其德\n即大學之教而此命夔掌之也\n酒誥\n惟曰我民迪小子惟土物愛厥心臧聰聽祖考之彝\n訓越小大德小子惟一\n蔡\n注\n文王言我民亦常訓導其子孫惟土物之愛勤\n稼穡服田畝無外慕則心之所守者正而善日生\n為子孫者亦當聰聽其祖父之常訓不可以謹酒\n為小德小德大德小子惟一視之可也\n大\n全\n西山真\n氏曰民蒙文王之化亦各訓迪子弟惟土地所生\n之物是愛故其心臧蓋一溺於酒則必旁求珍異\n以自奉其欲廣則其心□矣是時為子弟者亦各\n聰聽祖考之常訓訓之常則入於耳者熟聽之聰\n則志於心也恪\n禮記\n曲禮\n幼子常視毋誑\n陳\n注\n視與示同常示之以不可欺誑所以習其誠\n童子不衣裘裳立必正方不傾聽\n陳\n注\n呂氏曰裳之溫非童子所宜裘之飾非童子所\n便立必正所向之方或東或西或南或北不偏有\n所向\n內則\n子婦有勤勞之事雖甚愛之姑縱之而寧數休之\n陳\n注\n謂雖甚愛此子婦而不忍其勞然必且縱使為\n之而寧數數休息之必使終竟其事而後已不可\n以姑息為愛而使之不事事也\n子婦未孝未敬勿庸疾怨姑教之若不可教而後怒\n之不可怒子放婦出而不表禮焉\n陳\n注\n庸用也怒之譴責之也不可怒謂雖譴責之而\n不改也雖放逐其子出棄其婦而不表明其失禮\n之罪示不終絕之也\n大\n全\n嚴陵方氏曰子婦有勤勞\n之事甚愛之姑縱之而寧數休之則彼共為子婦\n之職而吾不可以愛故奪之也子婦未孝未敬勿\n庸疾怨則為傷恩故也　慶源輔氏曰子曰愛之\n能勿勞乎勤勞之事若遽止之是姑息之愛也子\n婦未孝未敬勿庸疾怨是存父母之心也子婦放\n逐不得已也不表禮焉是猶有不忍之心也　東\n萊呂氏曰明言其惡而出之之謂表父母愛子之\n心舅姑待婦之禮雖彼有過猶欲遮護故放出而\n不明言其所以過\n又\n異為孺子室於宮中擇於諸母與可者必求其寬裕\n慈惠溫良恭敬慎而寡言者使為子師其次為慈母\n其次為保母皆居子室他人無事不往\n陳\n注\n諸母眾妾也可者謂雖非眾妾之列或傅御之\n屬可為子師者也師教以善道者慈母審其欲惡\n者保母安其寢處者他人無事不往恐兒驚動也\n又\n由命士以上及大夫之子旬而見\n陳\n注\n注讀旬為均謂適子妾子有同時生者雖是先\n生者先見後生者後見然皆在夫未與婦禮食之\n前故曰均而見也應氏曰子固以禮見於父父則\n欲時時見之又不可瀆故每旬而一見之若庶人\n則簡略易通故不必以旬而見\n冢子未食而見必執其右手適子庶子已食而見必\n循其首\n陳\n注\n疏曰此天子諸侯之禮未與後夫人禮食而先\n見冢子急於正也禮食之後乃見適子庶子緩於\n庶耳\n子能食食教以右手能言男唯女俞男鞶革女鞶絲\n陳\n注\n食飯也唯俞皆應辭鞶小囊盛帨巾者男用韋\n女用繒帛\n六年教之數與方名七年男女不同席不共食八年\n出入門戶及即席飲食必後長者始教之讓九年教\n之數日十年出就外傅居宿於外學書計\n陳\n注\n數日知朔望與六甲也外傅教學之師也書謂\n六書計謂九數\n衣不帛襦□禮帥初朝夕學幼儀請肄簡諒\n陳\n注\n不以帛為襦□亦為太溫也禮帥初謂行禮動\n作皆循習初教之方也肄習也簡書篇數也諒言\n語信實也皆請於長者而習學之也一說簡者簡\n要謂使之習事務從其要不為迂曲煩擾也\n十有三年學樂誦詩舞勺成童舞象學射御\n陳\n注\n樂八音之器也詩樂歌之篇章也成童十五以\n上象說見文王世子射謂五射御謂五御也朱子\n曰酌即勺也內則曰十三舞勺即以此詩為節而\n舞也\n大\n全\n方氏曰勺雖告武王之樂然以勺其道而\n道成於文故也象雖奏文王之樂然以象其事而\n事成於武故也必以告武王之樂為文者以示文\n之道必有武為之備也必以奏文王之樂為武者\n以示武之事必以文為之經也勺固成王之樂以\n告成大武故取義如此\n二十而冠始學禮可以衣裘帛舞大夏惇行孝弟博\n學不教內而不出\n陳\n注\n始學禮以成人之道當兼習吉凶軍賓嘉之五\n禮也大夏禹樂樂之文武兼備者也孝弟百行之\n本故先務惇行於孝弟而後博學也不教恐所學\n未精故不可為師以教人也內而不出言蘊蓄其\n德美於中而不自表見其能也一說謂不出言以\n為人謀畫\n三十而有室始理男事博學無方孫友視志\n陳\n注\n室猶妻也男事受田給政役也方猶常也學無\n常在志所慕則學之孫友順交朋友也視志視其\n志意所向也\n四十始仕方物出謀發慮道合則服從不可則去五\n十命為大夫服官政七十致事凡男拜尚左手\n陳\n注\n朱子曰物猶事也方物出謀則謀不過物方物\n發慮則慮不過物問何謂不過物曰方猶對也比\n方以窮理\n女子十年不出姆教婉娩聽從執麻枲治絲繭織紝\n組紃學女事以共衣服觀於祭祀納酒漿籩豆菹醢\n禮相助奠\n陳\n注\n十年不出謂十歲則恆處於內也姆女師也婉\n謂言語娩謂容貌司馬公雲柔順貌紝繒帛之屬\n組亦織也紃之制似絛古人以置諸冠服縫中者\n十有五年而笄二十而嫁有故二十三年而嫁聘則\n為妻奔則為妾凡女拜尚右手\n陳\n注\n十五許嫁則笄未許嫁者二十而笄故謂父母\n喪妻齊也妾之言接言得接見於君子不得伉儷\n也尚左尚右陰陽之別\n文王世子\n凡三王教世子必以禮樂樂所以修內也禮所以修\n外也禮樂交錯於中發形於外是故其成也懌恭敬\n而溫文\n陳\n注\n修內者消融其邪慝之蘊修外者陶成其恭肅\n之儀禮之修達於中樂之修達於外所謂交錯於\n中也有諸中必形諸外故其成也懌此懌字與論\n語不亦說乎之說相似既有恭敬之實德又有溫\n潤文雅之氣象禮樂之教大矣\n周禮\n地官\n師氏以三德教國子一曰至德以為道本二曰敏德\n以為行本三曰孝德以知逆惡教三行一曰孝行以\n親父母二曰友行以尊賢良三曰順行以事師長\n注\n德行內外之稱在心為德施之為行至德中和\n之德覆燾持載含容者也敏德仁義順時者也孝\n德尊祖愛親守其所以生者也孝在三德之下三\n行之上德廣於孝而行莫尊焉國子公卿大夫之\n子弟師氏教之而世子亦齒焉學君臣父子長幼\n之道疏釋曰以此三德教國子王大子已下至元\n士之適子也雲一曰至德以為道本者謂至極之\n德以為行道之本也二曰敏德以為行本者謂敏\n達之德以為行行之本也三曰孝德以知逆惡者\n以孝德之孝以事父母則知逆惡不行也此上三\n德皆在心而行不見也雲一曰孝行以親父母者\n行善事父母之行則能親父母也雲二曰友行以\n尊賢良者此行施於外人故尊事賢人良人有德\n行之士也雲三曰順行以事師長者此亦施於外\n人行遜順之行事受業之師及朋友之長也\n又\n養國子以道乃教之六藝一曰五禮二曰六樂三曰\n五射四曰五馭五曰六書六曰九數乃教之六儀一\n曰祭祀","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}