{"resource_id":5984,"title":"古今图书集成227","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"養子部總論","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["春秋四傳","莒人滅鄫","春秋襄公六年秋莒人滅鄫","左傳鄫恃賂也","穀梁傳非滅也中國日卑國月夷狄時鄫中國也而","時非滅也家有既亡國有既滅滅而不自知由別之","而不別也莒人滅鄫非滅也立異姓以□祭祀滅亡","之道也","胡傳穀梁子曰莒人滅鄫非滅也立異姓以□祭祀","滅亡之道也公羊亦云莒女有為鄫夫人者蓋欲立","其出也或曰鄫取莒公子為後罪在鄫子不在莒人","春秋應以梁亡之例而書鄫亡不當但責莒人也今","直罪莒舍鄫何哉曰莒人之以其子為鄫與黃歇進","李園之妹於楚王呂不韋獻邯鄲之姬於秦公子其","事雖殊其欲滅人之祀而有其國則一也春秋所以","釋鄫而罪莒歟以此防民猶有以韓謐為世嗣□亂","紀度如郭氏者","大","全","範氏曰莒是鄫甥立以為後非其族類神不歆","其祀故言滅　何氏曰言滅者以異姓為後非兵","滅　南軒張氏曰原民之生與萬物並於天地之","間父天而母地本一而已而於其身莫不有父母","之親兄弟之愛以至於宗支之屬釐分縷析血脈","貫通分雖殊而本實一此性之所具而天之所為","也聖人有作立姓以別其系嚴宗以謹其承亦因","夫性之自然理之所不可易者而已苟惟強離其","所繫而合於其所不可合是豈性也哉是故神不","歆非祀而民不祀非族以此防民而春秋之時猶","有身為諸侯而立異姓以□祭祀如鄫子之為者","聖人書之曰莒人滅鄫謂其先無血食之理也豈","不深切著明哉　家氏曰周衰倫教不明有以他","姓為繼嗣者滅人之國而人自以為非滅如鄫事","者往往有之聖人特於此垂訓焉苟以為莒實滅","鄫則是時晉悼主盟豈有莒滅同盟之國而全置","不問哉　廬陵李氏曰滅鄫之說先儒所以不取","左氏者豈非以昭四年復有魯取鄫之文故以此","為非實滅乎趙子按其事情以為莒人以兵破鄫","立其子使守之而為附庸其子又鄫之外甥令奉","鄫祀然神不歆非類是使鄫絕祀故須書滅公谷","但傳得立鄫甥守祀之說而不知事實耳莒今滅","為附庸後魯取鄫之故復書取也究此則三傳亦","互相通此恐得其實又曰四年公如晉請屬鄫晉","以鄫屬魯其冬邾人莒人伐鄫臧孫紇救鄫侵邾","敗於狐駘五年穆叔覿鄫太子巫於晉九月會於","戚穆叔以屬鄫為不利使鄫大夫聽命於會六年","莒人滅鄫晉人來討季武子如晉謝亡鄫此左傳","鄫事之本末也"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"管子","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","title":"入國","paragraphs":["所謂恤孤者凡國都皆有掌孤士人死子孤幼無父","母所養不能自生者屬之其鄉黨知識故人養一孤","者一子無徵養二孤者二子無徵養三孤者盡家無","徵掌孤數行問之必知其食飲飢寒身之膌勝而哀","憐之此之謂恤孤","唐杜氏通典","異姓為後議","後漢吳商曰或問以異姓為後然當還服本親及其","子當又從其父而服耶將以異姓而不服也答曰神","不歆非族明非異姓所應祭也頃世人無後並取異","姓以自繼然本親之服骨肉之恩無絕道也異姓之","義可同於女子出適還服本親皆降一等至於其子","應從服者亦當同於女子之子從於母而服其外親","今出為異姓作後其子亦當從於父母服之也父為","所生父母周子宜如外祖父母之加也其昆弟之子","父雖服之大功於子尤無尊可加及其姊妹為父小","功則子皆宜從於異姓之服不得過緦麻也範寧與","謝安書曰稱無子而養人子者自謂同族之親豈施","於異姓今世行之甚眾是謂逆人倫昭穆之序違經","典紹繼之義也魏時或為四孤論曰遇兵饑饉有賣","子者有棄溝壑者有生而亡父母無緦麻親其死必","也有俗人以五月生子妨忌之不舉者有家無兒收","養教訓成人或語汝非此家兒禮異姓不為後於是","便欲還本姓為可然不博士田瓊議曰雖異姓不相","為後禮也家語曰絕嗣而後他人於禮為非今此四","孤非故廢其家祀既是必死之人他人收養以活且","褒姒長養於褒便稱曰褒姓無常也其家若絕嗣可","四時祀之於門戶外有子可以為後所謂神不歆非","類也大理王朗議曰收捐拾棄不避寒暑且救垂絕","之氣而肉必死之骨可謂仁過天地恩逾父母者也","吾以為田議是矣王修議曰當須分別此兒有識未","有識耳有識以往自知所生雖創更生之命受育養","之慈枯骨復肉亡魂更存當以生活之恩報公嫗不","得出所生而背恩情報生以死報施以力古之道也","軍謀史於達叔議曰此四孤者非其父母不生非遇","公嫗不濟既生既育由於二家棄本背恩實未之可","子者父母之遺體乳哺成人公嫗之厚恩也棄絕天","性之道而戴他族不為逆乎鄭伯惡姜氏誓而絕之","君子以為不孝及其復為母子傳以為善今宜謂子","竭其筋力報於公嫗育養之澤若終為報父在為母","之服別立宮宇而祭之畢己之年也詩云父兮生我","母兮鞠我今四子服報如母不亦宜乎愛敬哀慼報","惠備矣崔凱喪制駁曰以為宜服齊衰周方之繼父","同居者司徒廣陵陳矯字季弼本劉氏養於陳氏及","其薨劉氏弟子疑所服以問王肅答曰昔陳司徒喪","母諸儒陳其子無服甚失理矣為外祖父母小功此","以異姓而有服者豈不以母之所生反重於父之所","生不亦左乎為人後者其婦為舅姑大功婦他人也","猶為夫故父母降一等祖至親也而可以無服乎推","婦降一等則子孫宜系本親而降一等晉太宰魯公","賈充李郭二夫人有男皆夭充無嗣及充薨郭表充","遺意以外孫韓謐為充子詔曰太宰尊勳不同常人","自餘不得為比宋庾蔚之議曰四孤之父母是事□","不得存養其子豈不欲子之活推父母之情豈不欲","與人為後而苟使其子不存耶如此則與父命後人","亦何異既為人後何不戴其姓神不歆非類蓋捨己","族而取他族為後若己族無所取後而養他子者生","得養己之老死得奉其先祀神有靈化豈不嘉其功","乎唯所養之父自有後而本親絕嗣者應還本宗主","其宗祀服所養父母依繼父齊衰周若二傢俱無後","則宜停所養家依為人後服其本親例降一等有子","以後其父未有後之間別立室以祭祀之是也","宋袁氏世範","睦親篇","貧者養他人之子當於幼時蓋貧者無田宅可養暮","年惟望其子反哺不可不自其幼時衣食撫養以結","其心富者養他人之子當於既長之時今世之富人","養他人之子多以為諱故欲及其無知之時撫養或","養所出至微之人長而不肖恐其破家方議逐去致","有爭訟若取於既長之時其賢否可以粗見苟能溫","淳守己必能事所養如所生且不致破家亦不致興","訟也","多子固為人之患不可以多子之故輕以與人須俟","其稍長見其溫淳守己舉以與人兩家獲福如在襁","褓即以與人萬一不肖既破他家必求歸宗往往興","訟又破我家則兩家受其禍矣","養異姓之子非惟祖先神靈不歆其祀數世之後必","與同姓通婚姻者律禁甚嚴人多□之至啟爭訟設","或人不之告官不之治豈可不思理之所在江西養","子不去其所生之姓而以所養之姓冠於其上若復","姓者雖於經律無見亦知惡其無別如此","有德之人見族人及外親子弟之貧多收於其家衣","食教撫如己子而薄俗乃有貪其財產於其身後強","欲承重以為某人嘗以我為嗣矣故高義之事使人","病於難行惟當於平昔別其居處明其名稱若己嗣","未立或他人之子弟年居己子之長尤不可不明嫌","疑於平昔也娶妻而有前夫之子"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"養子部總論","section_title":"正文","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"養子部總論","section_title":"管子","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","chapter_title":"養子部總論","section_title":"入國","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 養子部總論\n春秋四傳\n莒人滅鄫\n春秋襄公六年秋莒人滅鄫\n左傳鄫恃賂也\n穀梁傳非滅也中國日卑國月夷狄時鄫中國也而\n時非滅也家有既亡國有既滅滅而不自知由別之\n而不別也莒人滅鄫非滅也立異姓以□祭祀滅亡\n之道也\n胡傳穀梁子曰莒人滅鄫非滅也立異姓以□祭祀\n滅亡之道也公羊亦云莒女有為鄫夫人者蓋欲立\n其出也或曰鄫取莒公子為後罪在鄫子不在莒人\n春秋應以梁亡之例而書鄫亡不當但責莒人也今\n直罪莒舍鄫何哉曰莒人之以其子為鄫與黃歇進\n李園之妹於楚王呂不韋獻邯鄲之姬於秦公子其\n事雖殊其欲滅人之祀而有其國則一也春秋所以\n釋鄫而罪莒歟以此防民猶有以韓謐為世嗣□亂\n紀度如郭氏者\n大\n全\n範氏曰莒是鄫甥立以為後非其族類神不歆\n其祀故言滅　何氏曰言滅者以異姓為後非兵\n滅　南軒張氏曰原民之生與萬物並於天地之\n間父天而母地本一而已而於其身莫不有父母\n之親兄弟之愛以至於宗支之屬釐分縷析血脈\n貫通分雖殊而本實一此性之所具而天之所為\n也聖人有作立姓以別其系嚴宗以謹其承亦因\n夫性之自然理之所不可易者而已苟惟強離其\n所繫而合於其所不可合是豈性也哉是故神不\n歆非祀而民不祀非族以此防民而春秋之時猶\n有身為諸侯而立異姓以□祭祀如鄫子之為者\n聖人書之曰莒人滅鄫謂其先無血食之理也豈\n不深切著明哉　家氏曰周衰倫教不明有以他\n姓為繼嗣者滅人之國而人自以為非滅如鄫事\n者往往有之聖人特於此垂訓焉苟以為莒實滅\n鄫則是時晉悼主盟豈有莒滅同盟之國而全置\n不問哉　廬陵李氏曰滅鄫之說先儒所以不取\n左氏者豈非以昭四年復有魯取鄫之文故以此\n為非實滅乎趙子按其事情以為莒人以兵破鄫\n立其子使守之而為附庸其子又鄫之外甥令奉\n鄫祀然神不歆非類是使鄫絕祀故須書滅公谷\n但傳得立鄫甥守祀之說而不知事實耳莒今滅\n為附庸後魯取鄫之故復書取也究此則三傳亦\n互相通此恐得其實又曰四年公如晉請屬鄫晉\n以鄫屬魯其冬邾人莒人伐鄫臧孫紇救鄫侵邾\n敗於狐駘五年穆叔覿鄫太子巫於晉九月會於\n戚穆叔以屬鄫為不利使鄫大夫聽命於會六年\n莒人滅鄫晉人來討季武子如晉謝亡鄫此左傳\n鄫事之本末也\n## 管子\n## 入國\n所謂恤孤者凡國都皆有掌孤士人死子孤幼無父\n母所養不能自生者屬之其鄉黨知識故人養一孤\n者一子無徵養二孤者二子無徵養三孤者盡家無\n徵掌孤數行問之必知其食飲飢寒身之膌勝而哀\n憐之此之謂恤孤\n唐杜氏通典\n異姓為後議\n後漢吳商曰或問以異姓為後然當還服本親及其\n子當又從其父而服耶將以異姓而不服也答曰神\n不歆非族明非異姓所應祭也頃世人無後並取異\n姓以自繼然本親之服骨肉之恩無絕道也異姓之\n義可同於女子出適還服本親皆降一等至於其子\n應從服者亦當同於女子之子從於母而服其外親\n今出為異姓作後其子亦當從於父母服之也父為\n所生父母周子宜如外祖父母之加也其昆弟之子\n父雖服之大功於子尤無尊可加及其姊妹為父小\n功則子皆宜從於異姓之服不得過緦麻也範寧與\n謝安書曰稱無子而養人子者自謂同族之親豈施\n於異姓今世行之甚眾是謂逆人倫昭穆之序違經\n典紹繼之義也魏時或為四孤論曰遇兵饑饉有賣\n子者有棄溝壑者有生而亡父母無緦麻親其死必\n也有俗人以五月生子妨忌之不舉者有家無兒收\n養教訓成人或語汝非此家兒禮異姓不為後於是\n便欲還本姓為可然不博士田瓊議曰雖異姓不相\n為後禮也家語曰絕嗣而後他人於禮為非今此四\n孤非故廢其家祀既是必死之人他人收養以活且\n褒姒長養於褒便稱曰褒姓無常也其家若絕嗣可\n四時祀之於門戶外有子可以為後所謂神不歆非\n類也大理王朗議曰收捐拾棄不避寒暑且救垂絕\n之氣而肉必死之骨可謂仁過天地恩逾父母者也\n吾以為田議是矣王修議曰當須分別此兒有識未\n有識耳有識以往自知所生雖創更生之命受育養\n之慈枯骨復肉亡魂更存當以生活之恩報公嫗不\n得出所生而背恩情報生以死報施以力古之道也\n軍謀史於達叔議曰此四孤者非其父母不生非遇\n公嫗不濟既生既育由於二家棄本背恩實未之可\n子者父母之遺體乳哺成人公嫗之厚恩也棄絕天\n性之道而戴他族不為逆乎鄭伯惡姜氏誓而絕之\n君子以為不孝及其復為母子傳以為善今宜謂子\n竭其筋力報於公嫗育養之澤若終為報父在為母\n之服別立宮宇而祭之畢己之年也詩云父兮生我\n母兮鞠我今四子服報如母不亦宜乎愛敬哀慼報\n惠備矣崔凱喪制駁曰以為宜服齊衰周方之繼父\n同居者司徒廣陵陳矯字季弼本劉氏養於陳氏及\n其薨劉氏弟子疑所服以問王肅答曰昔陳司徒喪\n母諸儒陳其子無服甚失理矣為外祖父母小功此\n以異姓而有服者豈不以母之所生反重於父之所\n生不亦左乎為人後者其婦為舅姑大功婦他人也\n猶為夫故父母降一等祖至親也而可以無服乎推\n婦降一等則子孫宜系本親而降一等晉太宰魯公\n賈充李郭二夫人有男皆夭充無嗣及充薨郭表充\n遺意以外孫韓謐為充子詔曰太宰尊勳不同常人\n自餘不得為比宋庾蔚之議曰四孤之父母是事□\n不得存養其子豈不欲子之活推父母之情豈不欲\n與人為後而苟使其子不存耶如此則與父命後人\n亦何異既為人後何不戴其姓神不歆非類蓋捨己\n族而取他族為後若己族無所取後而養他子者生\n得養己之老死得奉其先祀神有靈化豈不嘉其功\n乎唯所養之父自有後而本親絕嗣者應還本宗主\n其宗祀服所養父母依繼父齊衰周若二傢俱無後\n則宜停所養家依為人後服其本親例降一等有子\n以後其父未有後之間別立室以祭祀之是也\n宋袁氏世範\n睦親篇\n貧者養他人之子當於幼時蓋貧者無田宅可養暮\n年惟望其子反哺不可不自其幼時衣食撫養以結\n其心富者養他人之子當於既長之時今世之富人\n養他人之子多以為諱故欲及其無知之時撫養或\n養所出至微之人長而不肖恐其破家方議逐去致\n有爭訟若取於既長之時其賢否可以粗見苟能溫\n淳守己必能事所養如所生且不致破家亦不致興\n訟也\n多子固為人之患不可以多子之故輕以與人須俟\n其稍長見其溫淳守己舉以與人兩家獲福如在襁\n褓即以與人萬一不肖既破他家必求歸宗往往興\n訟又破我家則兩家受其禍矣\n養異姓之子非惟祖先神靈不歆其祀數世之後必\n與同姓通婚姻者律禁甚嚴人多□之至啟爭訟設\n或人不之告官不之治豈可不思理之所在江西養\n子不去其所生之姓而以所養之姓冠於其上若復\n姓者雖於經律無見亦知惡其無別如此\n有德之人見族人及外親子弟之貧多收於其家衣\n食教撫如己子而薄俗乃有貪其財產於其身後強\n欲承重以為某人嘗以我為嗣矣故高義之事使人\n病於難行惟當於平昔別其居處明其名稱若己嗣\n未立或他人之子弟年居己子之長尤不可不明嫌\n疑於平昔也娶妻而有前夫之子","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}