{"resource_id":5955,"title":"古今图书集成198","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"古今圖書整合198","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["諫諍部總論","書經","引徵","每歲孟春遒人以木鐸徇於路官師相規工執藝事","以諫其或不恭邦有常刑","蔡","傳","官以職言師以道言規正也相規雲者胥教誨","也百工技藝之事至理存焉理無往而不在故言","無微而可略也孟子曰責難於君謂之恭官師百","工不能規諫是謂不恭不恭之罪猶有常刑而況","於畔官離次俶擾天紀者乎","大","全","張氏曰相規規君","也左傳大夫規誨詩沔水規宣王　蔡氏元度曰","周景王將鑄無射伶州鳩諫曰匱財罷民魯莊丹","楹刻桷匠慶諫曰無益於君而替前人之令德執","藝事諫此類是也","伊訓","從諫弗咈先民時若","蔡","傳","從諫不逆先民是順非誠於樂善者不能也","說命","命之曰朝夕納誨以輔臺德","蔡","傳","朝夕納誨者無時不進善言也","說復於王曰惟木從繩則正後從諫則聖後克聖臣","不命其承疇敢不祗若王之休命","蔡","傳","木從繩喻後從諫明諫之決不可不受也","大","全","新","安陳氏曰主聖臣直導人使諫在德不在言君有","聖德則有從諫之實雖不命亦諫能為江海何憂","百川之不歸君無聖德必無從諫之實雖命之亦","不諫如器既滿水將焉入高宗以納誨輔德為命","知命相之大本說以從諫克聖覆命尤知致君之","大本也","詩經","小雅板章","先民有言詢於芻蕘","大","全","豐城朱氏曰古人所以詢及芻蕘者以淺近之","言至理存焉不可以其人之賤而忽之也","禮記","曲禮","為人臣之禮不顯諫三諫而不聽則逃之","陳","注","陳氏曰孔子之於魯百里奚之於秦未嘗諫而","去龍逢之於夏比干之於殷則死於諫而不去何","也蓋事有輕重勢有可否君子以禮為守以義為","行跡雖不同其趨一也","檀弓","事君有犯而無隱","陳","注","劉氏曰君臣主義隱則是畏威阿容而害義故","匡救其惡勿欺也而犯之","少儀","為人臣下者有諫而無訕有亡而無疾頌而無&#諫","而無驕怠則張而相之廢則埽而更之謂之社稷之","役","陳","注","疏曰諫而無驕者謂君若從己之諫己不得恃","己言行謀用而生驕慢也　方氏曰君有過諫之","使止可也訕之則不恭諫不從逃而去之可也疾","之則太傷頌而無&#則所頌為公諫而無驕則所","諫為正事弛而不力為怠事弊而無用為廢相之","更之則君豈有失德國豈有廢事哉謂之社稷之","役以其有勞於社稷也","大","全","慶源輔氏曰以下美上","易失於諂以是諫非易失於驕志怠則張而助之","事廢則埽而更之謂之社稷之役者凡所以竭誠","效力如此者為社稷而已","表記","子曰事君遠而諫則&#也近而不諫則尸利也","陳","注","呂氏曰陵節犯分以求自達故曰&#懷祿固寵","主於為利故曰尸利","子曰事君欲諫不欲陳","陳","注","諫者止君之失陳者揚君之失也","大","全","嚴陵方氏","曰陳善閉邪謂之敬故陳不欲陳陳之則是暴君","之過矣然有犯無隱則陳之矣蓋諫之不從不得","已而後陳焉然則陳者非所欲也故以不欲言之","孔子家語","三恕","魯哀公問於孔子曰子從父命孝乎臣從君命貞乎","三問孔子不對孔子趨出以語子貢曰鄉者君問丘","曰子從父命孝乎臣從君命貞乎三問而丘不對賜","以為何如子貢曰子從父命孝矣臣從君命貞矣奚","疑焉孔子曰小人哉賜不識也昔者明王萬乘之國","有爭臣七人則主無過舉千乘之國有爭臣五人則","社稷不危百乘之家有爭臣三人則祿位不替父有","爭子不陷無禮士有爭友不行不義故子從父命奚","詎為孝臣從君命奚詎為貞夫能審其所從之謂孝","之謂貞矣","六本","孔子曰良藥苦口而利於病忠言逆耳而利於行湯","武以諤諤而昌桀紂以唯唯而亡君無爭臣父無爭","子兄無爭弟夫無爭婦士無爭友而無其過者未之","有也故曰君失之臣得之父失之子得之兄失之弟","得之夫失之婦得之己失之友得之是以國無危亡","之兆家無悖亂之惡父子兄弟無失而交友無絕也","辨政","孔子曰忠臣之諫君有五義焉一曰譎諫二曰戇諫","三曰降諫四曰直諫五曰風諫唯度主而行之吾從","其風諫矣乎","淮南子","人間訓","魯哀公欲西益宅史爭之以為西益宅不祥哀公作","色而怒左右數諫不聽乃以問其傅宰折睢曰吾欲","益宅而史以為不祥子以為何如宰折睢曰天下有","三不祥西益宅不與焉哀公大悅而喜頃復問曰何","謂三不祥對曰不行禮義一不祥也嗜慾無止二不","祥也不聽強諫三不祥也哀公默然深念憤然自反","遂不西益宅夫史以爭為可以止之而不知不爭而","反取之也智者離路而得道愚者守道而失路夫兒","說之巧於閉結無不解非能閉結而盡解之也不解","不可解也至乎以弗解解之者可與及言論矣或明","禮義推道理而不行或解構妄言而反當何以明之","孔子行遊馬失食農夫之稼野人怒取馬而系之子","貢往說之卑辭而不能得也孔子曰夫以人之所不","能聽說人譬以大牢享野獸以九韶樂飛鳥也予之","罪也非彼人之過也乃使馬圉往說之至見野人曰","子耕於東海至於西海吾馬之失安得不食子之苗","野人大喜解馬而與之說若此其無方也","昔者衛君朝於吳吳王囚之慾流之於海說者冠蓋","相望而弗能止魯君聞之撤鐘鼓之縣縞素而朝仲","尼入見曰君胡為有憂色魯君曰諸侯無親以諸侯","為親大夫無黨以大夫為黨今衛君朝於吳王吳王","囚之而欲流之於海孰衛君之仁義而遭此難也吾","欲免之而不能為奈何仲尼曰若欲免之請子貢行","魯君召子貢授之將軍之印子貢辭曰貴無益於解","患在所由之道斂躬而行至於吳見太宰嚭太宰嚭","甚悅之慾薦之於王子貢曰子不能行說於王奈何","吾因子也太宰嚭曰子焉知嚭之不能也子貢曰衛","君之來也衛國之半曰不若朝於晉其半曰不若朝","於吳然衛君以為吳可以歸骸骨也故束身以受命","今子受衛君而囚之又欲流之於海是賞言朝於晉","者而罰言朝於吳也且衛君之來也諸侯皆以為蓍","龜兆今朝於吳而不利則皆移心於晉矣子欲成霸","王之業不亦難乎太宰嚭入復於王王報出令於百","官曰比十日而衛君之禮不具者死子貢可謂知所","以說矣魯哀公為室而大公宣子諫曰室大眾與人","處則譁少與人處則悲願公之適公曰寡人聞命矣","築室不輟公宣子復見曰國小而室大百姓聞之必","怨吾君諸侯聞之必輕吾國魯君曰聞命矣築室不","輟公宣子復見曰左昭右穆為大室以臨二先君之","廟得無害於子乎公乃令罷役除版而去之魯君欲","為室誠矣公宣子止之必矣然三說而一聽者其二","者非其道也","說苑","臣術","陳成子謂鴟夷子皮曰何與常也對曰君死吾不死","君亡吾不亡陳成子曰然子何以與常對曰未死去","死未亡去亡其有何死亡矣從命利君謂之順從命","病君謂之諛逆命利君謂之忠逆命病君謂之亂君","有過不諫諍將危國殞社稷也有能盡言於君用則","留之不用則去之謂之諫用則可生不用則死謂之","諍有能比和同力率群下相與強矯君君雖不安不","能不聽遂解國之大患除國之大害成於尊君安國","謂之輔有能亢君之命反君之事竊君之重以安國","之危除主之辱攻伐足以成國之大利謂之弼故諫","諍輔弼之人社稷之臣也明君之所尊禮而暗君以","為己賊故明君之所賞暗君之所殺也明君好問暗","君好獨明君上賢使能而享其功暗君畏賢妒能而","滅其業罰其忠而賞其賊夫是之謂至暗桀紂之所"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"古今圖書整合198","section_title":"正文","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 古今圖書整合198\n諫諍部總論\n書經\n引徵\n每歲孟春遒人以木鐸徇於路官師相規工執藝事\n以諫其或不恭邦有常刑\n蔡\n傳\n官以職言師以道言規正也相規雲者胥教誨\n也百工技藝之事至理存焉理無往而不在故言\n無微而可略也孟子曰責難於君謂之恭官師百\n工不能規諫是謂不恭不恭之罪猶有常刑而況\n於畔官離次俶擾天紀者乎\n大\n全\n張氏曰相規規君\n也左傳大夫規誨詩沔水規宣王　蔡氏元度曰\n周景王將鑄無射伶州鳩諫曰匱財罷民魯莊丹\n楹刻桷匠慶諫曰無益於君而替前人之令德執\n藝事諫此類是也\n伊訓\n從諫弗咈先民時若\n蔡\n傳\n從諫不逆先民是順非誠於樂善者不能也\n說命\n命之曰朝夕納誨以輔臺德\n蔡\n傳\n朝夕納誨者無時不進善言也\n說復於王曰惟木從繩則正後從諫則聖後克聖臣\n不命其承疇敢不祗若王之休命\n蔡\n傳\n木從繩喻後從諫明諫之決不可不受也\n大\n全\n新\n安陳氏曰主聖臣直導人使諫在德不在言君有\n聖德則有從諫之實雖不命亦諫能為江海何憂\n百川之不歸君無聖德必無從諫之實雖命之亦\n不諫如器既滿水將焉入高宗以納誨輔德為命\n知命相之大本說以從諫克聖覆命尤知致君之\n大本也\n詩經\n小雅板章\n先民有言詢於芻蕘\n大\n全\n豐城朱氏曰古人所以詢及芻蕘者以淺近之\n言至理存焉不可以其人之賤而忽之也\n禮記\n曲禮\n為人臣之禮不顯諫三諫而不聽則逃之\n陳\n注\n陳氏曰孔子之於魯百里奚之於秦未嘗諫而\n去龍逢之於夏比干之於殷則死於諫而不去何\n也蓋事有輕重勢有可否君子以禮為守以義為\n行跡雖不同其趨一也\n檀弓\n事君有犯而無隱\n陳\n注\n劉氏曰君臣主義隱則是畏威阿容而害義故\n匡救其惡勿欺也而犯之\n少儀\n為人臣下者有諫而無訕有亡而無疾頌而無&#諫\n而無驕怠則張而相之廢則埽而更之謂之社稷之\n役\n陳\n注\n疏曰諫而無驕者謂君若從己之諫己不得恃\n己言行謀用而生驕慢也　方氏曰君有過諫之\n使止可也訕之則不恭諫不從逃而去之可也疾\n之則太傷頌而無&#則所頌為公諫而無驕則所\n諫為正事弛而不力為怠事弊而無用為廢相之\n更之則君豈有失德國豈有廢事哉謂之社稷之\n役以其有勞於社稷也\n大\n全\n慶源輔氏曰以下美上\n易失於諂以是諫非易失於驕志怠則張而助之\n事廢則埽而更之謂之社稷之役者凡所以竭誠\n效力如此者為社稷而已\n表記\n子曰事君遠而諫則&#也近而不諫則尸利也\n陳\n注\n呂氏曰陵節犯分以求自達故曰&#懷祿固寵\n主於為利故曰尸利\n子曰事君欲諫不欲陳\n陳\n注\n諫者止君之失陳者揚君之失也\n大\n全\n嚴陵方氏\n曰陳善閉邪謂之敬故陳不欲陳陳之則是暴君\n之過矣然有犯無隱則陳之矣蓋諫之不從不得\n已而後陳焉然則陳者非所欲也故以不欲言之\n孔子家語\n三恕\n魯哀公問於孔子曰子從父命孝乎臣從君命貞乎\n三問孔子不對孔子趨出以語子貢曰鄉者君問丘\n曰子從父命孝乎臣從君命貞乎三問而丘不對賜\n以為何如子貢曰子從父命孝矣臣從君命貞矣奚\n疑焉孔子曰小人哉賜不識也昔者明王萬乘之國\n有爭臣七人則主無過舉千乘之國有爭臣五人則\n社稷不危百乘之家有爭臣三人則祿位不替父有\n爭子不陷無禮士有爭友不行不義故子從父命奚\n詎為孝臣從君命奚詎為貞夫能審其所從之謂孝\n之謂貞矣\n六本\n孔子曰良藥苦口而利於病忠言逆耳而利於行湯\n武以諤諤而昌桀紂以唯唯而亡君無爭臣父無爭\n子兄無爭弟夫無爭婦士無爭友而無其過者未之\n有也故曰君失之臣得之父失之子得之兄失之弟\n得之夫失之婦得之己失之友得之是以國無危亡\n之兆家無悖亂之惡父子兄弟無失而交友無絕也\n辨政\n孔子曰忠臣之諫君有五義焉一曰譎諫二曰戇諫\n三曰降諫四曰直諫五曰風諫唯度主而行之吾從\n其風諫矣乎\n淮南子\n人間訓\n魯哀公欲西益宅史爭之以為西益宅不祥哀公作\n色而怒左右數諫不聽乃以問其傅宰折睢曰吾欲\n益宅而史以為不祥子以為何如宰折睢曰天下有\n三不祥西益宅不與焉哀公大悅而喜頃復問曰何\n謂三不祥對曰不行禮義一不祥也嗜慾無止二不\n祥也不聽強諫三不祥也哀公默然深念憤然自反\n遂不西益宅夫史以爭為可以止之而不知不爭而\n反取之也智者離路而得道愚者守道而失路夫兒\n說之巧於閉結無不解非能閉結而盡解之也不解\n不可解也至乎以弗解解之者可與及言論矣或明\n禮義推道理而不行或解構妄言而反當何以明之\n孔子行遊馬失食農夫之稼野人怒取馬而系之子\n貢往說之卑辭而不能得也孔子曰夫以人之所不\n能聽說人譬以大牢享野獸以九韶樂飛鳥也予之\n罪也非彼人之過也乃使馬圉往說之至見野人曰\n子耕於東海至於西海吾馬之失安得不食子之苗\n野人大喜解馬而與之說若此其無方也\n昔者衛君朝於吳吳王囚之慾流之於海說者冠蓋\n相望而弗能止魯君聞之撤鐘鼓之縣縞素而朝仲\n尼入見曰君胡為有憂色魯君曰諸侯無親以諸侯\n為親大夫無黨以大夫為黨今衛君朝於吳王吳王\n囚之而欲流之於海孰衛君之仁義而遭此難也吾\n欲免之而不能為奈何仲尼曰若欲免之請子貢行\n魯君召子貢授之將軍之印子貢辭曰貴無益於解\n患在所由之道斂躬而行至於吳見太宰嚭太宰嚭\n甚悅之慾薦之於王子貢曰子不能行說於王奈何\n吾因子也太宰嚭曰子焉知嚭之不能也子貢曰衛\n君之來也衛國之半曰不若朝於晉其半曰不若朝\n於吳然衛君以為吳可以歸骸骨也故束身以受命\n今子受衛君而囚之又欲流之於海是賞言朝於晉\n者而罰言朝於吳也且衛君之來也諸侯皆以為蓍\n龜兆今朝於吳而不利則皆移心於晉矣子欲成霸\n王之業不亦難乎太宰嚭入復於王王報出令於百\n官曰比十日而衛君之禮不具者死子貢可謂知所\n以說矣魯哀公為室而大公宣子諫曰室大眾與人\n處則譁少與人處則悲願公之適公曰寡人聞命矣\n築室不輟公宣子復見曰國小而室大百姓聞之必\n怨吾君諸侯聞之必輕吾國魯君曰聞命矣築室不\n輟公宣子復見曰左昭右穆為大室以臨二先君之\n廟得無害於子乎公乃令罷役除版而去之魯君欲\n為室誠矣公宣子止之必矣然三說而一聽者其二\n者非其道也\n說苑\n臣術\n陳成子謂鴟夷子皮曰何與常也對曰君死吾不死\n君亡吾不亡陳成子曰然子何以與常對曰未死去\n死未亡去亡其有何死亡矣從命利君謂之順從命\n病君謂之諛逆命利君謂之忠逆命病君謂之亂君\n有過不諫諍將危國殞社稷也有能盡言於君用則\n留之不用則去之謂之諫用則可生不用則死謂之\n諍有能比和同力率群下相與強矯君君雖不安不\n能不聽遂解國之大患除國之大害成於尊君安國\n謂之輔有能亢君之命反君之事竊君之重以安國\n之危除主之辱攻伐足以成國之大利謂之弼故諫\n諍輔弼之人社稷之臣也明君之所尊禮而暗君以\n為己賊故明君之所賞暗君之所殺也明君好問暗\n君好獨明君上賢使能而享其功暗君畏賢妒能而\n滅其業罰其忠而賞其賊夫是之謂至暗桀紂之所","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}