{"resource_id":5952,"title":"古今图书集成195","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"古今圖書整合195","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["節使部匯考一","後漢","光武帝建武　年始置督軍御史","按後漢書光武帝本紀不載　按晉書職官志都督","無定員前漢遣使始有持節光武建武初征伐四方","始權時置督軍御史事竟罷","獻帝建安二十一年以大將軍督軍","按後漢書獻帝本紀不載　按晉書職官志建安中","魏武為相始遣大將軍督之二十一年徵孫權還夏","侯惇督二十六軍是也","魏","文帝黃初三年始置都督諸州軍事","按魏志文帝本紀不載　按晉書職官志魏文帝黃","初三年始置都督諸州軍事或領刺史又上軍大將","軍曹真都督中外諸軍事假黃鉞則總統內外諸軍","矣","明帝太和四年加督軍號大都督","按魏志明帝本紀不載　按晉書職官志魏明帝太","和四年秋宣帝徵蜀加號大都督","高貴鄉公正元二年加都督中外稱大都督","按魏志三少帝本紀不載　按晉書職官志高貴鄉","公正元二年文帝都督中外諸軍尋加大都督","晉","晉承魏制設持節都督諸軍重臣得都督中外","按晉書職官志晉受禪都督諸軍為上監諸軍次之","督諸軍為下使持節為上持節次之假節為下使持","節得殺二千石以下持節殺無官位人若軍事得與","使持節同假節唯軍事得殺犯軍令者江左以來都","督中外尤重唯王導等權重者乃居之","按文獻通考伐吳之役以賈充為使持節假黃鉞大","都督總統六師兼給羽葆鼓吹緹幢兵萬人騎二千","置左右長史司馬從事中郎增參軍騎司馬各十人","帳下司馬二十人大軍官騎各三十人","武帝太康　年以都督刺史理人","按晉書武帝本紀不載　按南齊書百官志太康中","都督知軍事刺史治人各用人也","惠帝　　　年以都督刺史並任要州立館置賓","按晉書惠帝本紀不載　按南齊書百官志惠帝末","都督刺史乃並任非要州則單為刺史庾翼都督徵","討諸軍事鎮襄陽綏懷招納立客館置典賓參軍","宋","宋持節都督無定員重臣則假黃鉞","按宋書百官志持節都督無定員唯江夏王義恭假","黃鉞假黃鉞則專戮節將非人臣常器矣","文帝元嘉元年改監為都督","按宋書文帝本紀不載　按文獻通考又有都督諸","州諸軍事者則為常職舊日監某州諸軍事文帝即","位改監為都督","北魏","太武帝神三年詔王公仗節者聽開府辟召增置","吏員","按魏書太武帝本紀神三年秋七月己亥詔曰昔","太祖撥亂制度草刱太宗因循未遑改作軍國官屬","至乃闕然今諸徵鎮將軍王公仗節邊遠者聽開府","辟召其次增置吏員","北周","明帝武成元年初改都督諸州軍事為總管","按周書明帝本紀云云","宣帝大象元年以總管刺史及行兵者始加持節","按周書宣帝本紀大象元年二月丙子初令授總管","刺史及行兵者加持節餘悉罷之","隋","文帝開皇九年以平陳遣使持節巡撫","按隋書文帝本紀開皇九年春正月景子陳國平合","州三十郡一百縣四百癸巳遣使持節巡撫之","開皇十年遣柱國韋洸等巡撫嶺南","按隋書文帝本紀開皇十年八月壬申遣柱國襄陽","郡公韋洸上開府東萊郡公王景並持節巡撫嶺南","百越皆服","煬帝大業元年廢諸州總管改都督為散官","按隋書煬帝本紀大業元年春正月改豫州為溱州","洛州為豫州廢諸州總管府","按文獻通考隋文帝以並益荊揚四州置大總管其","餘總管府置於諸州列為上中下三等加使持節煬","帝悉罷之　後周有大都督帥都督都督至隋三都","督並以為散官煬帝改大都督為校尉帥都督為旅","帥都督為隊正按此則都督之名微矣","唐","唐諸道置節度使又有觀察團練經略防禦安撫度","支營田招討等使或特設或兼之邊地設大都督府","或大都護府其僚屬各有差","按唐書百官志節度使副大使知節度事行軍司馬","副使判官支使掌書記推官巡官衙推各一人同節","度副使十人館驛巡官四人府院法直官要籍逐要","親事各一人隨軍四人節度使封郡王則有奏記一","人兼觀察使又有判官支使推官巡官衙推各一人","又兼安撫使則有副使判官各一人兼支度營田招","討經略使則有副使判官各一人支度使復有遣連","判官巡官各一人節度使掌總軍旅顓誅殺初授具","帑抹兵仗詣兵部辭見觀察使亦如之辭日賜雙旌","雙節行則建節樹六纛中官祖送次一驛輒上聞入","境州縣築節樓迎以鼓角衙仗居前旌幢居中大將","鳴珂金鉦鼓角居後州縣齎印迎於道左視事之日","設禮案高尺有二寸方八尺判三案節度使判宰相","觀察使判節度使團練使判觀察使三日洗印視其","刓缺歲以八月考其治否銷兵為上考足食為中考","邊功為下考觀察使以豐稔為上考省刑為中考辦","稅為下考團練使以安民為上考懲奸為中考得情","為下考防禦使以無虞為上考清苦為中考政成為","下考經略使以計度為上考集事為中考修造為下","考罷秩則交廳以節度使印自隨留觀察使營田等","印以郎官主之&#節樓節堂以節院使主之祭奠以","時入朝未見不入私第京兆河南牧大都督大都護","皆親王遙領兩府之政以尹主之大都督府之政以","長史主之大都護之政以副大都護主之副大都護","則兼王府長史其後有持節為節度副大使知節度","事者正節度也諸王拜節度大使者皆留京師","觀察使副使支使判官掌書記推官巡官衙推隨軍","要籍進奏官各一人","團練使副使判官推官巡官衙推各一人","防禦使副使判官推官巡官各一人","觀察處置使掌察所部善惡舉大綱凡奏請皆屬於","州","注","貞觀初遣大使十三人巡省天下諸州水旱則","遣使有巡察安撫存撫之名神龍二年以五品以","上二十人為十道巡察使按舉州縣再周而代景","雲二年置都督二十四人察刺史以下善惡置司","舉從事二人秩比侍御史揚益並荊四州為大都","督汴兗魏冀蒲綿秦洪潤越十州為中都督皆正","三品齊鄜涇襄安潭遂通梁夔十州為下都督從","三品當時以為權重難制罷之唯四大都督府如","故置十道按察使道各一人開元二年曰十道按","察採訪處置使至四年罷八年復置十道按察使","秋冬巡視州縣十年又罷十七年復置十道京都","兩畿按察使二十年曰採訪處置使分十五道天","寶末又兼黜陟使幹元元年改曰觀察處置使","宋","宋設節度使初無所掌多以為使相系銜又有承宣","觀察防禦團練等使概無定員復有大都督府及制","置宣撫經略招討招撫撫諭鎮撫諸使各有所任俱","不常置","按宋史職官志節度使宋初無所掌其事務悉歸本","州知州通判兼總之亦無定員恩數與執政同初除","鎖院降麻其禮尤異以待宗室近屬外戚國婿年勞","久次者若外任除殿帥始授此官亦止於一員或有","功勳顯著任帥守於外及前宰執拜者尤不輕授又","遵唐制以節度使兼中書令或侍中或中書門下平","章事皆謂之使相以待勳賢故老及宰相久次罷政","者隨其舊職或檢校官加節度使出判大藩通謂之","使相元豐以新制始改為開府儀同三司舊制&#出","中書門下故事之大者使相系銜至是皆南省奉行","而開府不預八年鎮江軍節度使檢校太傅韓絳為","開府儀同三司判大名府元佑五年太師平章軍國","重事文彥博為開府儀同三司守太師充護國軍山","南西道節度使致仕自崇寧五年司空左僕射蔡京","為開府儀同三司安遠軍節度使中太乙宮使其後"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"古今圖書整合195","section_title":"正文","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 古今圖書整合195\n節使部匯考一\n後漢\n光武帝建武　年始置督軍御史\n按後漢書光武帝本紀不載　按晉書職官志都督\n無定員前漢遣使始有持節光武建武初征伐四方\n始權時置督軍御史事竟罷\n獻帝建安二十一年以大將軍督軍\n按後漢書獻帝本紀不載　按晉書職官志建安中\n魏武為相始遣大將軍督之二十一年徵孫權還夏\n侯惇督二十六軍是也\n魏\n文帝黃初三年始置都督諸州軍事\n按魏志文帝本紀不載　按晉書職官志魏文帝黃\n初三年始置都督諸州軍事或領刺史又上軍大將\n軍曹真都督中外諸軍事假黃鉞則總統內外諸軍\n矣\n明帝太和四年加督軍號大都督\n按魏志明帝本紀不載　按晉書職官志魏明帝太\n和四年秋宣帝徵蜀加號大都督\n高貴鄉公正元二年加都督中外稱大都督\n按魏志三少帝本紀不載　按晉書職官志高貴鄉\n公正元二年文帝都督中外諸軍尋加大都督\n晉\n晉承魏制設持節都督諸軍重臣得都督中外\n按晉書職官志晉受禪都督諸軍為上監諸軍次之\n督諸軍為下使持節為上持節次之假節為下使持\n節得殺二千石以下持節殺無官位人若軍事得與\n使持節同假節唯軍事得殺犯軍令者江左以來都\n督中外尤重唯王導等權重者乃居之\n按文獻通考伐吳之役以賈充為使持節假黃鉞大\n都督總統六師兼給羽葆鼓吹緹幢兵萬人騎二千\n置左右長史司馬從事中郎增參軍騎司馬各十人\n帳下司馬二十人大軍官騎各三十人\n武帝太康　年以都督刺史理人\n按晉書武帝本紀不載　按南齊書百官志太康中\n都督知軍事刺史治人各用人也\n惠帝　　　年以都督刺史並任要州立館置賓\n按晉書惠帝本紀不載　按南齊書百官志惠帝末\n都督刺史乃並任非要州則單為刺史庾翼都督徵\n討諸軍事鎮襄陽綏懷招納立客館置典賓參軍\n宋\n宋持節都督無定員重臣則假黃鉞\n按宋書百官志持節都督無定員唯江夏王義恭假\n黃鉞假黃鉞則專戮節將非人臣常器矣\n文帝元嘉元年改監為都督\n按宋書文帝本紀不載　按文獻通考又有都督諸\n州諸軍事者則為常職舊日監某州諸軍事文帝即\n位改監為都督\n北魏\n太武帝神三年詔王公仗節者聽開府辟召增置\n吏員\n按魏書太武帝本紀神三年秋七月己亥詔曰昔\n太祖撥亂制度草刱太宗因循未遑改作軍國官屬\n至乃闕然今諸徵鎮將軍王公仗節邊遠者聽開府\n辟召其次增置吏員\n北周\n明帝武成元年初改都督諸州軍事為總管\n按周書明帝本紀云云\n宣帝大象元年以總管刺史及行兵者始加持節\n按周書宣帝本紀大象元年二月丙子初令授總管\n刺史及行兵者加持節餘悉罷之\n隋\n文帝開皇九年以平陳遣使持節巡撫\n按隋書文帝本紀開皇九年春正月景子陳國平合\n州三十郡一百縣四百癸巳遣使持節巡撫之\n開皇十年遣柱國韋洸等巡撫嶺南\n按隋書文帝本紀開皇十年八月壬申遣柱國襄陽\n郡公韋洸上開府東萊郡公王景並持節巡撫嶺南\n百越皆服\n煬帝大業元年廢諸州總管改都督為散官\n按隋書煬帝本紀大業元年春正月改豫州為溱州\n洛州為豫州廢諸州總管府\n按文獻通考隋文帝以並益荊揚四州置大總管其\n餘總管府置於諸州列為上中下三等加使持節煬\n帝悉罷之　後周有大都督帥都督都督至隋三都\n督並以為散官煬帝改大都督為校尉帥都督為旅\n帥都督為隊正按此則都督之名微矣\n唐\n唐諸道置節度使又有觀察團練經略防禦安撫度\n支營田招討等使或特設或兼之邊地設大都督府\n或大都護府其僚屬各有差\n按唐書百官志節度使副大使知節度事行軍司馬\n副使判官支使掌書記推官巡官衙推各一人同節\n度副使十人館驛巡官四人府院法直官要籍逐要\n親事各一人隨軍四人節度使封郡王則有奏記一\n人兼觀察使又有判官支使推官巡官衙推各一人\n又兼安撫使則有副使判官各一人兼支度營田招\n討經略使則有副使判官各一人支度使復有遣連\n判官巡官各一人節度使掌總軍旅顓誅殺初授具\n帑抹兵仗詣兵部辭見觀察使亦如之辭日賜雙旌\n雙節行則建節樹六纛中官祖送次一驛輒上聞入\n境州縣築節樓迎以鼓角衙仗居前旌幢居中大將\n鳴珂金鉦鼓角居後州縣齎印迎於道左視事之日\n設禮案高尺有二寸方八尺判三案節度使判宰相\n觀察使判節度使團練使判觀察使三日洗印視其\n刓缺歲以八月考其治否銷兵為上考足食為中考\n邊功為下考觀察使以豐稔為上考省刑為中考辦\n稅為下考團練使以安民為上考懲奸為中考得情\n為下考防禦使以無虞為上考清苦為中考政成為\n下考經略使以計度為上考集事為中考修造為下\n考罷秩則交廳以節度使印自隨留觀察使營田等\n印以郎官主之&#節樓節堂以節院使主之祭奠以\n時入朝未見不入私第京兆河南牧大都督大都護\n皆親王遙領兩府之政以尹主之大都督府之政以\n長史主之大都護之政以副大都護主之副大都護\n則兼王府長史其後有持節為節度副大使知節度\n事者正節度也諸王拜節度大使者皆留京師\n觀察使副使支使判官掌書記推官巡官衙推隨軍\n要籍進奏官各一人\n團練使副使判官推官巡官衙推各一人\n防禦使副使判官推官巡官各一人\n觀察處置使掌察所部善惡舉大綱凡奏請皆屬於\n州\n注\n貞觀初遣大使十三人巡省天下諸州水旱則\n遣使有巡察安撫存撫之名神龍二年以五品以\n上二十人為十道巡察使按舉州縣再周而代景\n雲二年置都督二十四人察刺史以下善惡置司\n舉從事二人秩比侍御史揚益並荊四州為大都\n督汴兗魏冀蒲綿秦洪潤越十州為中都督皆正\n三品齊鄜涇襄安潭遂通梁夔十州為下都督從\n三品當時以為權重難制罷之唯四大都督府如\n故置十道按察使道各一人開元二年曰十道按\n察採訪處置使至四年罷八年復置十道按察使\n秋冬巡視州縣十年又罷十七年復置十道京都\n兩畿按察使二十年曰採訪處置使分十五道天\n寶末又兼黜陟使幹元元年改曰觀察處置使\n宋\n宋設節度使初無所掌多以為使相系銜又有承宣\n觀察防禦團練等使概無定員復有大都督府及制\n置宣撫經略招討招撫撫諭鎮撫諸使各有所任俱\n不常置\n按宋史職官志節度使宋初無所掌其事務悉歸本\n州知州通判兼總之亦無定員恩數與執政同初除\n鎖院降麻其禮尤異以待宗室近屬外戚國婿年勞\n久次者若外任除殿帥始授此官亦止於一員或有\n功勳顯著任帥守於外及前宰執拜者尤不輕授又\n遵唐制以節度使兼中書令或侍中或中書門下平\n章事皆謂之使相以待勳賢故老及宰相久次罷政\n者隨其舊職或檢校官加節度使出判大藩通謂之\n使相元豐以新制始改為開府儀同三司舊制&#出\n中書門下故事之大者使相系銜至是皆南省奉行\n而開府不預八年鎮江軍節度使檢校太傅韓絳為\n開府儀同三司判大名府元佑五年太師平章軍國\n重事文彥博為開府儀同三司守太師充護國軍山\n南西道節度使致仕自崇寧五年司空左僕射蔡京\n為開府儀同三司安遠軍節度使中太乙宮使其後","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}