{"resource_id":5948,"title":"古今图书集成191","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"古今圖書整合191","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["禮部部匯考一","上古","太昊伏羲氏始立春官","按外紀太昊時有龍馬負圖出於河之瑞因而名官","始以龍紀號曰龍師命五官春官為青龍氏","炎帝神農氏以春官為大火","按外紀神農氏因火德王故以火紀官為火帝春官","為大火","黃帝有熊氏以雲紀官春官為青雲","按史記五帝本紀不載　按外紀帝初受命適有云","瑞之應仍以雲名官號為雲師　應劭曰春官為青","雲","顓頊高陽氏號春官為木正","按左傳五行之官木正曰句芒少□氏有四叔曰重","曰該曰修曰熙重實能木使為句芒","按杜佑通典顓頊五官春官木正為句芒","有虞氏","帝舜元載命伯夷為秩宗典三禮","按書經舜典帝曰諮四嶽有能典朕三禮僉曰伯夷","帝曰俞諮伯汝作秩宗夙夜惟寅直哉惟清伯拜稽","首讓於夔龍帝曰俞往欽哉","孔","傳","三禮天地人之禮伯夷臣名姜姓秩序宗尊也","主郊廟之官夙早也言早夜敬思其職典禮施政","教使正直而清明夔龍二臣名俞然其賢不許讓","疏","正義曰此時秩宗即周禮之宗伯也其職雲掌","天地人鬼地祗之禮雖三者併為吉禮要言三禮","者是天地人之事故知三禮是天地人之禮上文","舜之巡狩言修五禮此雲典朕三禮各有其事則","五禮皆據其所施於三處五禮所施於天地人耳","言三足以包五故舉三以言之鄭語云姜伯夷之","後也伯夷能禮於神以佐堯是伯夷為姜姓也","蔡","傳","秩宗主敘次百神之官而專以秩宗名之者蓋","以宗廟為主也周禮亦謂之宗伯而都家皆有宗","人之官以掌祭祀之事亦此意也","按史記五帝本紀伯夷主禮上下鹹讓","按通鑑前編虞帝舜元載春正月元日帝格於文祖","踐天子位於蒲阪以土德王諮二十有二人","目","舜典孔傳曰禹垂益伯夷夔龍六人新命有職","四嶽十二牧凡二十二人特敕命之","商","商制天官六太有太宗之職","按禮記曲禮天子建天官先六太曰太宰太宗太史","太祝太士太卜典司六典","陳","注","此六太天官之屬也以其所掌重於他職故曰","先已上舊說為殷制","周","周制設春官大宗伯以掌邦禮小宗伯肆師帥其屬","佐之而掌客則隸於司寇","按書經周官宗伯掌邦禮治神人和上下","蔡","傳","春官卿主邦禮治天神地祇人鬼之事和上下","尊卑等列春官於四時之序為長故其官謂之宗","伯成周合樂於禮官謂之和者蓋以樂而言也","按周禮春官宗伯惟王建國辨方正位體國經野設","官分職以為民極乃立春官宗伯使帥其屬而掌邦","禮以佐王和邦國禮官之屬大宗伯卿一人小宗伯","中大夫二人肆師下大夫四人上士八人中士十有","六人旅下士三十有二人府六人史十有二人胥十","有二人徒百有二十人大宗伯之職掌建邦之天神","人鬼地示之禮以佐王建保邦國以吉禮事邦國之","鬼神示以禋祀祀昊天上帝以實柴祀日月星辰以","槱燎祀司中司命飌師雨師","注","禋之言煙周人尚臭煙氣之臭聞者槱積也三","祀皆積柴實牲體焉或有玉帛燔燎而升湮所以","報陽也鄭司農雲實柴實牛柴上也司中三能三","階也司命文昌宮星風師箕地雨師畢也鄭元謂","昊天上帝冬至於圓丘所祀天皇大帝星謂五緯","辰謂日月所會十二次司中司命文昌第五第四","星或曰中能上能也祀五帝亦用實柴之禮雲飌","音風能他來反","以血祭祭社稷五祀五嶽以狸沈祭山林川澤以□","辜祭四方百物","注","不言祭地此皆地祇祭地可知也陰祀自血起","貴氣臭也五祀五色之帝於王者宮中曰五祀鄭","元謂此五祀者五官之神在四郊四時迎五行之","氣於四郊而祭五德之帝亦食此神焉祭山林曰","埋川澤曰沈順其性之含藏□□牲□也□而磔","之謂磔攘及蜡祭郊特牲曰八蜡以祀四方四方","年不順成八蜡不通以謹民財也又曰蠟之祭也","主先嗇而祭司嗇也祭百種以報嗇也饗農及郵","表畷禽獸仁之至義之盡也□孚逼反","以肆獻祼享先王以饋食享先王以祠春享先王以","禴夏享先王以嘗秋享先王以烝冬享先王","注","宗廟之祭有此六享肆獻祼饋食在四時之上","則是祫也禘也肆者進所解牲體謂薦熟時也獻","獻醴謂薦血腥也祼之言灌灌以鬱鬯謂始獻屍","求神時也","以凶禮哀邦國之憂","注","哀謂救患分凶禮之別有五","以喪禮哀死亡","注","哀謂親者服焉疏者含禭","以荒禮哀兇札","注","荒人物有害也曲禮曰歲凶年穀不登君膳不","祭肺馬不食谷馳道不除祭事不縣大夫不食粱","士飲酒不樂札讀為截謂疫癘","以吊禮哀□□","注","禍□謂遭水火","以禬禮哀圍敗","注","同盟者會合貨財以更其所喪","以恤禮哀寇亂","注","恤憂也鄰國相憂兵作於外為寇作於內為亂","以賓禮親邦國","注","親謂使之相親附賓禮之別有八","春見曰朝夏見曰宗秋見曰覲冬見曰遇時見曰會","殷見曰同時聘曰問殷俯曰視","注","時聘無常期天子有事乃聘之焉竟外之臣既","非朝歲不敢瀆為小禮殷俯謂一服朝之歲以朝","者少諸侯乃使卿以大禮眾聘焉一服朝在元年","七年十一年","以軍禮同邦國","注","同謂威其不協僭差者軍禮之別有五","大師之禮用眾也","注","用其義勇","大均之禮恤眾也","注","均其地政地守地職之賦所以憂民","大田之禮眾也","注","古者因田習兵閱其車徒之數","大役之禮任眾也","注","築宮邑所以事民力強弱","大封之禮合眾也","注","正封疆溝塗之固所以合聚其民","以嘉禮親萬民","注","嘉善也所以因人心所善者而為之制嘉禮之","別有六","以飲食之禮親宗族兄弟","注","親者使之相親人君有食宗族飲酒之禮所以","親之也","以昏冠之禮親成男女","注","親其恩成其性","以賓射之禮親故舊朋友","注","射禮雖王亦立賓主也王之故舊朋友為世子","時共在學者","以饗燕之禮親四方之賓客","注","賓客謂朝聘者","以脤膰之禮親兄弟之國","注","脤膰社稷宗廟之肉以賜同姓之國同福祿也","以賀慶之禮親異姓之國","注","異姓王昏姻甥舅","以九儀之命正邦國之位","注","每命異儀貴賤之位乃正","壹命受職","注","始見命為正吏謂列國之士於子男為大夫王","之下士亦一命鄭司農雲受職治職事","再命受服","注","鄭司農雲受服受祭衣服為上士鄭元謂此受","元冕之服列國之大夫再命於子男為卿卿大夫","自元冕而下如孤之服王之中士亦再命則爵弁","服","三命受位","注","鄭司農雲受下大夫之位鄭元謂此列國之卿","始有列位於王為王之臣也王之上士亦三命","四命受器","注","鄭司農雲受祭器為上大夫鄭元謂此公之孤","始得有祭器者也王之下大夫亦四命","五命賜則","注","鄭司農雲則者法也出為子男鄭元謂則地未","成國之名王之下大夫四命出封加一等五命賜","之以方百里二百里之地者方三百里以上為成","國王莽時以二十五成為則方五十里合今俗說","子男之地獨劉子駿等識古有此制焉","六命賜官","注","鄭司農雲子男入為卿治一官也鄭元謂此王","六命之卿賜官者使得自置其臣治家邑如諸侯","七命賜國","注","王之卿六命出封加一等者鄭司農雲出就侯","伯之國","八命作牧","注","謂侯伯有功德者加命得專征伐於諸侯鄭司","農雲一州之牧王之三公亦八命","九命作伯","注","上公有功德者加命為二伯得徵五侯九伯者","鄭司農雲長諸侯為方伯","以玉作六瑞以等邦國","注","等猶齊等也","王執鎮圭","注","鎮安也所以安四方鎮圭者蓋以四鎮之山為","瑑飾圭長尺有二寸","公執桓圭","注","公二王之後及王之上公"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"古今圖書整合191","section_title":"正文","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 古今圖書整合191\n禮部部匯考一\n上古\n太昊伏羲氏始立春官\n按外紀太昊時有龍馬負圖出於河之瑞因而名官\n始以龍紀號曰龍師命五官春官為青龍氏\n炎帝神農氏以春官為大火\n按外紀神農氏因火德王故以火紀官為火帝春官\n為大火\n黃帝有熊氏以雲紀官春官為青雲\n按史記五帝本紀不載　按外紀帝初受命適有云\n瑞之應仍以雲名官號為雲師　應劭曰春官為青\n雲\n顓頊高陽氏號春官為木正\n按左傳五行之官木正曰句芒少□氏有四叔曰重\n曰該曰修曰熙重實能木使為句芒\n按杜佑通典顓頊五官春官木正為句芒\n有虞氏\n帝舜元載命伯夷為秩宗典三禮\n按書經舜典帝曰諮四嶽有能典朕三禮僉曰伯夷\n帝曰俞諮伯汝作秩宗夙夜惟寅直哉惟清伯拜稽\n首讓於夔龍帝曰俞往欽哉\n孔\n傳\n三禮天地人之禮伯夷臣名姜姓秩序宗尊也\n主郊廟之官夙早也言早夜敬思其職典禮施政\n教使正直而清明夔龍二臣名俞然其賢不許讓\n疏\n正義曰此時秩宗即周禮之宗伯也其職雲掌\n天地人鬼地祗之禮雖三者併為吉禮要言三禮\n者是天地人之事故知三禮是天地人之禮上文\n舜之巡狩言修五禮此雲典朕三禮各有其事則\n五禮皆據其所施於三處五禮所施於天地人耳\n言三足以包五故舉三以言之鄭語云姜伯夷之\n後也伯夷能禮於神以佐堯是伯夷為姜姓也\n蔡\n傳\n秩宗主敘次百神之官而專以秩宗名之者蓋\n以宗廟為主也周禮亦謂之宗伯而都家皆有宗\n人之官以掌祭祀之事亦此意也\n按史記五帝本紀伯夷主禮上下鹹讓\n按通鑑前編虞帝舜元載春正月元日帝格於文祖\n踐天子位於蒲阪以土德王諮二十有二人\n目\n舜典孔傳曰禹垂益伯夷夔龍六人新命有職\n四嶽十二牧凡二十二人特敕命之\n商\n商制天官六太有太宗之職\n按禮記曲禮天子建天官先六太曰太宰太宗太史\n太祝太士太卜典司六典\n陳\n注\n此六太天官之屬也以其所掌重於他職故曰\n先已上舊說為殷制\n周\n周制設春官大宗伯以掌邦禮小宗伯肆師帥其屬\n佐之而掌客則隸於司寇\n按書經周官宗伯掌邦禮治神人和上下\n蔡\n傳\n春官卿主邦禮治天神地祇人鬼之事和上下\n尊卑等列春官於四時之序為長故其官謂之宗\n伯成周合樂於禮官謂之和者蓋以樂而言也\n按周禮春官宗伯惟王建國辨方正位體國經野設\n官分職以為民極乃立春官宗伯使帥其屬而掌邦\n禮以佐王和邦國禮官之屬大宗伯卿一人小宗伯\n中大夫二人肆師下大夫四人上士八人中士十有\n六人旅下士三十有二人府六人史十有二人胥十\n有二人徒百有二十人大宗伯之職掌建邦之天神\n人鬼地示之禮以佐王建保邦國以吉禮事邦國之\n鬼神示以禋祀祀昊天上帝以實柴祀日月星辰以\n槱燎祀司中司命飌師雨師\n注\n禋之言煙周人尚臭煙氣之臭聞者槱積也三\n祀皆積柴實牲體焉或有玉帛燔燎而升湮所以\n報陽也鄭司農雲實柴實牛柴上也司中三能三\n階也司命文昌宮星風師箕地雨師畢也鄭元謂\n昊天上帝冬至於圓丘所祀天皇大帝星謂五緯\n辰謂日月所會十二次司中司命文昌第五第四\n星或曰中能上能也祀五帝亦用實柴之禮雲飌\n音風能他來反\n以血祭祭社稷五祀五嶽以狸沈祭山林川澤以□\n辜祭四方百物\n注\n不言祭地此皆地祇祭地可知也陰祀自血起\n貴氣臭也五祀五色之帝於王者宮中曰五祀鄭\n元謂此五祀者五官之神在四郊四時迎五行之\n氣於四郊而祭五德之帝亦食此神焉祭山林曰\n埋川澤曰沈順其性之含藏□□牲□也□而磔\n之謂磔攘及蜡祭郊特牲曰八蜡以祀四方四方\n年不順成八蜡不通以謹民財也又曰蠟之祭也\n主先嗇而祭司嗇也祭百種以報嗇也饗農及郵\n表畷禽獸仁之至義之盡也□孚逼反\n以肆獻祼享先王以饋食享先王以祠春享先王以\n禴夏享先王以嘗秋享先王以烝冬享先王\n注\n宗廟之祭有此六享肆獻祼饋食在四時之上\n則是祫也禘也肆者進所解牲體謂薦熟時也獻\n獻醴謂薦血腥也祼之言灌灌以鬱鬯謂始獻屍\n求神時也\n以凶禮哀邦國之憂\n注\n哀謂救患分凶禮之別有五\n以喪禮哀死亡\n注\n哀謂親者服焉疏者含禭\n以荒禮哀兇札\n注\n荒人物有害也曲禮曰歲凶年穀不登君膳不\n祭肺馬不食谷馳道不除祭事不縣大夫不食粱\n士飲酒不樂札讀為截謂疫癘\n以吊禮哀□□\n注\n禍□謂遭水火\n以禬禮哀圍敗\n注\n同盟者會合貨財以更其所喪\n以恤禮哀寇亂\n注\n恤憂也鄰國相憂兵作於外為寇作於內為亂\n以賓禮親邦國\n注\n親謂使之相親附賓禮之別有八\n春見曰朝夏見曰宗秋見曰覲冬見曰遇時見曰會\n殷見曰同時聘曰問殷俯曰視\n注\n時聘無常期天子有事乃聘之焉竟外之臣既\n非朝歲不敢瀆為小禮殷俯謂一服朝之歲以朝\n者少諸侯乃使卿以大禮眾聘焉一服朝在元年\n七年十一年\n以軍禮同邦國\n注\n同謂威其不協僭差者軍禮之別有五\n大師之禮用眾也\n注\n用其義勇\n大均之禮恤眾也\n注\n均其地政地守地職之賦所以憂民\n大田之禮眾也\n注\n古者因田習兵閱其車徒之數\n大役之禮任眾也\n注\n築宮邑所以事民力強弱\n大封之禮合眾也\n注\n正封疆溝塗之固所以合聚其民\n以嘉禮親萬民\n注\n嘉善也所以因人心所善者而為之制嘉禮之\n別有六\n以飲食之禮親宗族兄弟\n注\n親者使之相親人君有食宗族飲酒之禮所以\n親之也\n以昏冠之禮親成男女\n注\n親其恩成其性\n以賓射之禮親故舊朋友\n注\n射禮雖王亦立賓主也王之故舊朋友為世子\n時共在學者\n以饗燕之禮親四方之賓客\n注\n賓客謂朝聘者\n以脤膰之禮親兄弟之國\n注\n脤膰社稷宗廟之肉以賜同姓之國同福祿也\n以賀慶之禮親異姓之國\n注\n異姓王昏姻甥舅\n以九儀之命正邦國之位\n注\n每命異儀貴賤之位乃正\n壹命受職\n注\n始見命為正吏謂列國之士於子男為大夫王\n之下士亦一命鄭司農雲受職治職事\n再命受服\n注\n鄭司農雲受服受祭衣服為上士鄭元謂此受\n元冕之服列國之大夫再命於子男為卿卿大夫\n自元冕而下如孤之服王之中士亦再命則爵弁\n服\n三命受位\n注\n鄭司農雲受下大夫之位鄭元謂此列國之卿\n始有列位於王為王之臣也王之上士亦三命\n四命受器\n注\n鄭司農雲受祭器為上大夫鄭元謂此公之孤\n始得有祭器者也王之下大夫亦四命\n五命賜則\n注\n鄭司農雲則者法也出為子男鄭元謂則地未\n成國之名王之下大夫四命出封加一等五命賜\n之以方百里二百里之地者方三百里以上為成\n國王莽時以二十五成為則方五十里合今俗說\n子男之地獨劉子駿等識古有此制焉\n六命賜官\n注\n鄭司農雲子男入為卿治一官也鄭元謂此王\n六命之卿賜官者使得自置其臣治家邑如諸侯\n七命賜國\n注\n王之卿六命出封加一等者鄭司農雲出就侯\n伯之國\n八命作牧\n注\n謂侯伯有功德者加命得專征伐於諸侯鄭司\n農雲一州之牧王之三公亦八命\n九命作伯\n注\n上公有功德者加命為二伯得徵五侯九伯者\n鄭司農雲長諸侯為方伯\n以玉作六瑞以等邦國\n注\n等猶齊等也\n王執鎮圭\n注\n鎮安也所以安四方鎮圭者蓋以四鎮之山為\n瑑飾圭長尺有二寸\n公執桓圭\n注\n公二王之後及王之上公","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}