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古今圖書整合183\n政事部總論\n說苑\n政理\n政有三品王者之政化之霸者之政威之強者之政\n脅之夫此三者各有所施而化之為貴矣夫化之不\n變而後威之威之不變而後脅之脅之不變而後刑\n之夫至於刑者則非王者之所得已也是以聖王先\n德教而後刑罰立榮恥而明防禁崇禮義之節以示\n之賤貨利之弊以變之修近理內政橛機之禮一妃\n匹之際則莫不慕義禮之榮而惡貪亂之恥其所由\n致之者化使然也\n季孫問於孔子曰如殺無道以就有道何如孔子曰\n子為政焉用殺子欲善而民善矣君子之德風也小\n人之德草也草上之風必偃言明其化而已也治國\n有二機刑德是也王者尚其德而希其刑霸者刑德\n並湊強國先其刑而後德夫刑德者化之所由興也\n德者養善而進闕者也刑者懲惡而禁後者也故德\n化之崇者至於賞刑罰之甚者至於誅夫誅賞者所\n以別賢不肖而列有功與無功也故誅賞不可以繆\n誅賞繆則善惡亂矣夫有功而不賞則善不勸有過\n而不誅則惡不懼善不勸而能以行化乎天下者未\n嘗聞也書曰畢協賞罰此之謂也\n水濁則魚困令苛則民亂城峭則必崩岸竦則必&#\n故曰急轡銜者非千里御也有聲之聲不過百里無\n聲之聲延及四海故祿過其功者損名過其實者削\n情行合而民副之禍福不虛至矣詩云何其處也必\n有與也何其久也必有以也此之謂也\n子貢問治民於孔子孔子曰懍懍焉如以腐索御奔\n馬子貢曰何其畏也曰夫通達之國皆人也以道導\n之則吾畜也不以道導之則吾讎也若何而毋畏\n冊府元龜\n公正\n夫子曰苟正其身矣於從政乎何有又曰子帥以正\n孰敢不正錯有言曰方直之士奉法令不容私若\n夫執德不回謹身率下無黨於物直道而行故政平\n而訟理令行而禁止也漢制郡守課最者或入為公\n卿宣帝曰使百姓無嘆息愁恨之聲者其唯良二千\n石乎故有奉公不阿守法見憚抑強扶弱而志在無\n私以一警百而威克厥愛是以賞罰信而權寵莫能\n干政令行而豪右不能犯所以人從其化而吏不敢\n欺也詩曰剛亦不吐又曰好是正直其斯之謂歟\n仁惠\n易曰體仁足以長人書曰安民則惠用仁惠而親百\n姓者其唯良二千石乎由漢以來循吏間作至於勤\n宣德讓專行寬厚哀此鰥寡賑其乏絕形惻隱之心\n術務平反於刑典掩覆道骸保全生物夭癘之所及\n加之營恤民賦之不登代其輸送雖復犯矯詔之義\n冒畫一之法亦無憚焉自非安仁而知義果行而邁\n德以博濟為己任者亦惡能及是哉\n教化\n孔子曰道之以政齊之以刑民免而無恥道之以德\n齊之以禮有恥且格然則德禮之與政刑感人之深\n淺成俗之厚薄可知也自堯命州牧事多闕文秦置\n郡守民罕見德迨於兩漢之世始有循吏之名或興\n學而化行或修禮而教闡或引咎而人知勸或掩過\n而人遷善若文翁韓延壽之屬皆著異跡煥乎惇史\n後之繼踵比比有焉非夫仁信篤誠寬厚清靜正其\n身而率下者孰能至於此哉\n能政\n自秦氏罷侯置守漢室之興率循無改垂及中葉品\n式備具故有與我共此之嘆而二千石之著治效者\n率加褒賞以申勉勵史氏所述循吏為盛焉東京而\n下鹹可徵也自非厲精為治正身率下遵道德齊禮\n之訓以變風美俗推務本明利之術以厚生阜財措\n枉而擊強興廉而崇讓先之以條教濟之以仁惠居\n之以寬簡輔之以強明又曷能致政治之清夷吏人\n之歡愛所居民富所去見思生有榮號死見奉祀斯\n仲尼所謂既富而教三年有成者為不誣矣\n興利\n昔大禹之敘九功曰利用以阜財厚生以養民班固\n之述循良曰所居民富蓋夫君子之為政必求所以\n利於人而行之也歷代而下賢守接武乃能相其土\n宜以興物役始資乎悅使終啟於善利或導達溝瀆\n以滋於灌溉或闢除汙萊以繁於稼穡築堤塌以備\n水潦疏河漕以通輸運興鑄冶以贍農器造橋樑以\n濟徒涉陶瓦履屋以寧室居鑿山通道以便行旅皆\n豐功被於萌庶休明載於緗簡流風餘烈沒而不朽\n其古之良二千石者歟\n勸課\n易曰利物以和義書曰厚生以養民班固之述循吏\n曰所居民富由漢而下牧守之可紀者曷嘗不以勸\n課為先焉乃有勖之以耕耨勉之以樹藝鑄作乎田\n器敦率乎稼政教之以孳畜而祭養無闕訓之以蠶\n績而纕帛是供居土者勤身以濟眾在下者知方而\n從化弊俗丕革美利敦洽由是家給人足政平訟治\n恥格之風著德讓之道隆管子所謂衣食足知榮辱\n者其識治體矣\n廉儉\n班固有言曰謹身帥先居以廉平不至於嚴而民從\n化者循吏之道也是知公廉則絕私清儉則寡慾故\n能使政平而訟理吏肅而民服焉周禮小宰之職弊\n群吏之治者有六皆以廉為本孔子曰以約失之者\n鮮矣歷代而下居牧守之任以清白著稱者比比有\n之是皆以道化人砥名礪節確然有守涅而不淄者\n也至若斬馬芻而席羊皮衣祗裯而宿樹下者斯固\n克己過差逼下已甚然跡其矯抗亦有所激雲\n靜理\n夫古人之為政者曷嘗不崇清靜以致治資簡易以\n成化故老氏著元默之教仲尼垂恥格之訓蓋斯民\n三代之所以直道而行也豈可挾術而致擾哉漢室\n而下良牧相繼乃有推寬大之志布仁厚之德宣流\n愷悌敦修禮讓專務通恕悉蠲煩苛或反己而自思\n獄訟以止或責成而委任曹事鹹舉物安其所民受\n其賜斯足以為循吏之稱首矣\n推誠\n禮雲惟天下至誠為能盡其性又曰惟天下至誠為\n能化夫欲盡物之性而化之者其唯至誠乎故古之\n良二千石妙識治體推誠明之性為撫御之術簡略\n苛細輸寫心腹選任於淳質慰薦於勤勵待眾以信\n而民不忍欺推功於下而人樂為用或因壘以喻寇\n賊或刻期以遣囚繫動發於衷以底於治宜乎詔敕\n之嘉獎史冊之褒紀傳雲安靜之吏悃愊無華日計\n不足月計有餘其是之謂乎\n謠頌\n虞書曰勸之以九歌卜商有言曰嗟嘆之不足故&#\n歌之蓋謠頌之作其來尚矣若乃牧守之寄風教所\n出而能敦清靜之治流愷悌之政愛養萌庶蠲除苛\n刻厚生以興利遏強而去惡孤弱以之成立閭里由\n其富庶乃有斑白之詠齠&#之謠發於委巷佈於行\n路自非仁厚淪於骨髓誠心激於肺腑又豈能抑揚\n蹈厲周旋詠歎言有章而聲成文者哉傳曰入其國\n其教可知是之謂也\n感瑞\n夫政平訟理民無愁怨至和浹洽瑞物來格斯蓋肇\n自人心契於神道者矣自漢室而下重牧守之任循\n良間作德讓宣洽協氣斯兆嘉瑞薦降至於服猛騺\n之性不為物害弭螟蠈之災無入郡境膏雨隨應夭\n癘自消枯木發榮靈泉沸湧美利浹於萌庶休徵表\n於圖牒著之曩紀形於謠頌自非仁化之淵塞誠心\n之&#合亦何以通至誠之感臻無方之應者焉\n遺愛\n仲尼之稱子產曰古之遺愛班固之述循吏曰所去\n見思夫君子之為政也仁愛深矣故其恩德淪於骨\n髓風烈播於弦詠攀轅遮道而惜其罷去號呼啜泣\n而形於戀慕以至邀車駕而願借留守闕門而求代\n罪取其姓以名子避其名以易官申奉祠之禮修服\n喪之報致恭於丘墓懷德於息裔自非明允惇篤宣\n慈惠利以濟眾救物為任者亦何以及茲蓋桃李不\n言而下自成蹊非可驅而致之也已\n條教\n易臨之象曰君子以教思無窮容保無疆論語云既\n富矣又何加焉","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}