{"resource_id":5938,"title":"古今图书集成181","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"古今圖書整合181","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["忠烈部總論","禮記","曲禮","大夫死眾士死制","陳","注","死眾謂討罪禦敵敗則死之也死制受命於君","難毋苟免也　方氏曰死其事者止乎公義也","大","全","呂氏曰人臣受命於君有死無二而已大夫之眾","士之制受命於其君者也故人臣敬君莫先於敬","命棄命不死不敬莫大焉","樂記","石聲磬磬以立辨辨以致死君子聽磬聲則思死封","疆之臣","陳","注","舊說磬讀為罄上聲謂其聲音罄罄然所以為","辨別之意死生之際非明辨於義而剛介如石者","不能決封疆之臣致守於彼此之限而能致死於","患難之中故君子聞聲而知所思也","公羊傳","桓公二年宋督弒其君與夷及其大夫孔父","及者何累也弒君多矣舍此無累者乎曰有仇牧荀","息皆累也舍仇牧荀息無累者乎曰有有則此何以","書賢也何賢乎孔父孔父可謂義形於色矣其義形","於色奈何督將弒殤公孔父生而存則殤公不可得","而弒也故於是先攻孔父之家殤公知孔父死己必","死趨而救之皆死焉孔父正色而立於朝則人莫敢","過而致難於其君者孔父可謂義形於色矣","莊公十二年宋萬弒其君捷及其大夫仇牧","及者何累也弒君多矣舍此無累者乎孔父荀息皆","累也舍孔父荀息無累者乎曰有有則此何以書賢","也何賢乎仇牧仇牧可謂不畏強禦矣其不畏強禦","奈何萬嘗與莊公戰獲乎莊公莊公歸散舍諸宮中","數月然後歸之歸反為大夫於宋與閔公博夫人皆","在側萬曰甚矣魯侯之淑魯侯之美也天下諸侯宜","為君者唯魯侯爾閔公矜此婦人妒其言顧曰此虜","也爾虜焉故魯侯之美惡乎至萬怒搏閔公絕其脰","仇牧聞君弒趨而至遇之於門手劍而叱之萬臂殺","仇牧碎其首齒著於門闔仇牧可謂不畏強禦矣","僖公十年晉裡克弒其君卓及其大夫荀息","及者何累也弒君多矣舍此無累者乎曰有孔父仇","牧皆累也舍孔父仇牧無累者乎曰有有則此何以","書賢也何賢乎荀息荀息可謂不食其言矣其不食","其言奈何奚齊卓子者驪姬之子也荀息傅焉驪姬","者國色也獻公愛之甚欲立其子於是殺世子申生","申生者裡克傅之獻公病將死謂荀息曰士何如則","可謂之信矣荀息對曰使死者反生生者不愧乎其","言則可謂信矣獻公死奚齊立裡克謂荀息曰君殺","正而立不正廢長而立幼如之何願與子慮之荀息","曰君常訊臣矣臣對曰使死者反生生者不愧乎其","言則可謂信矣裡克知其不可與謀退弒奚齊荀息","立卓子裡克弒卓子荀息死之荀息可謂不食其言","矣","胡傳","桓公二年宋督弒其君與夷及其大夫孔父","按左氏宋殤公立十年十一戰民不堪命孔父為司","馬無能改於其德非所謂格君心之非者然君弒死","於其難處命不渝亦可以無愧矣父者名也著其節","而書及不失其官而書大夫是春秋之所賢也賢而","名之何也故侍讀劉敞以謂既名其君於上則不得","字其臣於下此君前臣名禮之大節也督將弒殤公","孔父生而存則不可得而弒於是乎先攻孔父而後","及其君能為有無亦庶幾焉凡亂臣賊子畜無君之","心者必先剪其所忌而後動於惡不能剪其所忌則","有終其身而不敢動也華督欲弒君而憚孔父劉安","欲叛漢而憚汲直曹操欲禪位而憚孔融此數君子","者義形於色皆足以衛宗社而忤邪心奸臣之所以","憚也不有君子其能國乎春秋賢孔父示後世人主","崇獎節義之臣乃天下之大閒有國之急務也","莊公十二年宋萬弒其君捷及其大夫仇牧","君弒而大夫死於其難春秋書之者其所取也大夫","死於弒君之難而有不書者故知孔父牧息皆所取","也夫仇牧可謂不畏強禦矣然徒殺其身不能執賊","無益於事也亦足取乎食焉不避其難義也徒殺其","身不能執賊亦足為求利焉而逃其難者之訓矣何","名為無益哉夫審事物之重輕者權也權重輕而處","之得其宜者義也太宰督亦死於閔公之難削而不","書者身有罪也惠伯死於子惡之難亦削而不書者","非君命也召忽死於子糾之難孔子比於匹夫匹婦","之諒自經於溝瀆而莫之知者所事不正也崔杼弒","君晏平仲曰人有君而人弒之吾焉得死之而焉得","亡之君子不以是罪晏子者齊莊公不為社稷死而","晏子非其私暱之臣也若仇牧荀息立乎人之本朝","執國之政而君見弒不以其私也雖欲勿死焉得而","勿死聖人書而弗削以為求利焉而逃其難者之勸","也惟此義不行然後有視棄其君猶土梗弁髦曾莫","之省而三綱絕矣","僖公十年晉裡克弒其君卓及其大夫荀息","荀息者奚齊卓子之傅也君弒而死於難書及所以","著其節書大夫不失其官也於荀息何取焉若息者","可謂不食其言矣或曰息既從君於&#不食其言庸","足取乎世衰道微人愛其情私相疑貳以成傾危之","俗至於刑牲歃血要質鬼神猶不能固其約也孰有","可以託六尺之孤寄百里之命臨死節而不可奪如","息者哉自古皆有死民無信不立故聖人以信易食","而君子以信易生息不食言其可少乎","後漢書","論李固杜喬","夫稱仁者其道弘矣立言踐行豈徒徇名安己而已","哉將以定去就之概正天下之風使生以理全死與","義合也夫專為義則傷生專為生則騫義專為物則","害智專為己則損仁若義重於生捨生可也生重於","義全生可也上以殘暗失君道下以篤固盡臣節臣","節盡而死之則為殺身以成仁去之不為求生以害","仁也順桓之間國統三絕太后稱制賊臣虎視李固","據位持重以爭大義確乎而不可奪豈不知守節之","觸禍恥夫覆折之傷任也觀其發正辭及所遺梁冀","書雖機失謀乖猶戀戀而不能已至矣哉社稷之心","乎其顧視胡廣趙戒猶糞土也","論王允","士雖以正立亦以謀濟若王允之推董卓而引其權","伺其間而敝其罪當此之時天下懸解矣而終不以","猜忤為釁者知其本於忠義之誠也故推卓不為失","正分權不為苟冒伺間不為狙詐及其謀濟意從則","歸成於正也","論孔融","昔諫大夫鄭昌有言山有猛獸者藜藿為之不採是","以孔父正色不容弒虐之謀平仲立朝有紓盜齊之","望若夫文舉之高志直情其足以動義概而忤雄心","故使移鼎之跡事隔於人存代終之規啟機於身後","也夫嚴氣正性覆折而已豈有員委屈可以每其","生哉懍懍焉皓皓焉其與琨玉秋霜比質可也","魏志","毋丘儉傳注","習鑿齒曰毋丘儉感明帝之顧命故為此役君子謂","毋丘儉事雖不成可謂忠臣矣夫竭節而赴義者我","也成之與敗者時也我苟無時成何可必乎忘我而","不自必乃所以為忠也古人有言死者復生生者不","愧若毋丘儉可謂能不愧也","晉書","忠義傳論","古人有言君子殺身以成仁不求生以害仁又云非","死之難處死之難信哉斯言也是知隕節苟合其宜","義夫豈吝其沒捐軀若得其所烈士不愛其存故能","守鐵石之深衷厲松筠之雅操見貞心於歲暮標勁","節於嚴風赴鼎鑊其如歸履危亡而不顧書名竹帛","畫象丹青前史以為美談後來仰其徽烈者也晉自","元康之後政亂朝昏禍難薦興艱虞孔熾遂使姦凶","放命戎狄交侵函夏沸騰蒼生塗炭干戈日用戰爭","方興雖背恩忘義之徒不可勝載而蹈節輕生之士","無乏於時至若嵇紹之衛難乘輿卞壼之亡軀鋒鏑","桓雄之義高田叔周崎之節邁解揚羅丁致命於舊","君辛吉恥臣於戎寇張禕引鴆以全節王諒斷臂以","厲"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"古今圖書整合181","section_title":"正文","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 古今圖書整合181\n忠烈部總論\n禮記\n曲禮\n大夫死眾士死制\n陳\n注\n死眾謂討罪禦敵敗則死之也死制受命於君\n難毋苟免也　方氏曰死其事者止乎公義也\n大\n全\n呂氏曰人臣受命於君有死無二而已大夫之眾\n士之制受命於其君者也故人臣敬君莫先於敬\n命棄命不死不敬莫大焉\n樂記\n石聲磬磬以立辨辨以致死君子聽磬聲則思死封\n疆之臣\n陳\n注\n舊說磬讀為罄上聲謂其聲音罄罄然所以為\n辨別之意死生之際非明辨於義而剛介如石者\n不能決封疆之臣致守於彼此之限而能致死於\n患難之中故君子聞聲而知所思也\n公羊傳\n桓公二年宋督弒其君與夷及其大夫孔父\n及者何累也弒君多矣舍此無累者乎曰有仇牧荀\n息皆累也舍仇牧荀息無累者乎曰有有則此何以\n書賢也何賢乎孔父孔父可謂義形於色矣其義形\n於色奈何督將弒殤公孔父生而存則殤公不可得\n而弒也故於是先攻孔父之家殤公知孔父死己必\n死趨而救之皆死焉孔父正色而立於朝則人莫敢\n過而致難於其君者孔父可謂義形於色矣\n莊公十二年宋萬弒其君捷及其大夫仇牧\n及者何累也弒君多矣舍此無累者乎孔父荀息皆\n累也舍孔父荀息無累者乎曰有有則此何以書賢\n也何賢乎仇牧仇牧可謂不畏強禦矣其不畏強禦\n奈何萬嘗與莊公戰獲乎莊公莊公歸散舍諸宮中\n數月然後歸之歸反為大夫於宋與閔公博夫人皆\n在側萬曰甚矣魯侯之淑魯侯之美也天下諸侯宜\n為君者唯魯侯爾閔公矜此婦人妒其言顧曰此虜\n也爾虜焉故魯侯之美惡乎至萬怒搏閔公絕其脰\n仇牧聞君弒趨而至遇之於門手劍而叱之萬臂殺\n仇牧碎其首齒著於門闔仇牧可謂不畏強禦矣\n僖公十年晉裡克弒其君卓及其大夫荀息\n及者何累也弒君多矣舍此無累者乎曰有孔父仇\n牧皆累也舍孔父仇牧無累者乎曰有有則此何以\n書賢也何賢乎荀息荀息可謂不食其言矣其不食\n其言奈何奚齊卓子者驪姬之子也荀息傅焉驪姬\n者國色也獻公愛之甚欲立其子於是殺世子申生\n申生者裡克傅之獻公病將死謂荀息曰士何如則\n可謂之信矣荀息對曰使死者反生生者不愧乎其\n言則可謂信矣獻公死奚齊立裡克謂荀息曰君殺\n正而立不正廢長而立幼如之何願與子慮之荀息\n曰君常訊臣矣臣對曰使死者反生生者不愧乎其\n言則可謂信矣裡克知其不可與謀退弒奚齊荀息\n立卓子裡克弒卓子荀息死之荀息可謂不食其言\n矣\n胡傳\n桓公二年宋督弒其君與夷及其大夫孔父\n按左氏宋殤公立十年十一戰民不堪命孔父為司\n馬無能改於其德非所謂格君心之非者然君弒死\n於其難處命不渝亦可以無愧矣父者名也著其節\n而書及不失其官而書大夫是春秋之所賢也賢而\n名之何也故侍讀劉敞以謂既名其君於上則不得\n字其臣於下此君前臣名禮之大節也督將弒殤公\n孔父生而存則不可得而弒於是乎先攻孔父而後\n及其君能為有無亦庶幾焉凡亂臣賊子畜無君之\n心者必先剪其所忌而後動於惡不能剪其所忌則\n有終其身而不敢動也華督欲弒君而憚孔父劉安\n欲叛漢而憚汲直曹操欲禪位而憚孔融此數君子\n者義形於色皆足以衛宗社而忤邪心奸臣之所以\n憚也不有君子其能國乎春秋賢孔父示後世人主\n崇獎節義之臣乃天下之大閒有國之急務也\n莊公十二年宋萬弒其君捷及其大夫仇牧\n君弒而大夫死於其難春秋書之者其所取也大夫\n死於弒君之難而有不書者故知孔父牧息皆所取\n也夫仇牧可謂不畏強禦矣然徒殺其身不能執賊\n無益於事也亦足取乎食焉不避其難義也徒殺其\n身不能執賊亦足為求利焉而逃其難者之訓矣何\n名為無益哉夫審事物之重輕者權也權重輕而處\n之得其宜者義也太宰督亦死於閔公之難削而不\n書者身有罪也惠伯死於子惡之難亦削而不書者\n非君命也召忽死於子糾之難孔子比於匹夫匹婦\n之諒自經於溝瀆而莫之知者所事不正也崔杼弒\n君晏平仲曰人有君而人弒之吾焉得死之而焉得\n亡之君子不以是罪晏子者齊莊公不為社稷死而\n晏子非其私暱之臣也若仇牧荀息立乎人之本朝\n執國之政而君見弒不以其私也雖欲勿死焉得而\n勿死聖人書而弗削以為求利焉而逃其難者之勸\n也惟此義不行然後有視棄其君猶土梗弁髦曾莫\n之省而三綱絕矣\n僖公十年晉裡克弒其君卓及其大夫荀息\n荀息者奚齊卓子之傅也君弒而死於難書及所以\n著其節書大夫不失其官也於荀息何取焉若息者\n可謂不食其言矣或曰息既從君於&#不食其言庸\n足取乎世衰道微人愛其情私相疑貳以成傾危之\n俗至於刑牲歃血要質鬼神猶不能固其約也孰有\n可以託六尺之孤寄百里之命臨死節而不可奪如\n息者哉自古皆有死民無信不立故聖人以信易食\n而君子以信易生息不食言其可少乎\n後漢書\n論李固杜喬\n夫稱仁者其道弘矣立言踐行豈徒徇名安己而已\n哉將以定去就之概正天下之風使生以理全死與\n義合也夫專為義則傷生專為生則騫義專為物則\n害智專為己則損仁若義重於生捨生可也生重於\n義全生可也上以殘暗失君道下以篤固盡臣節臣\n節盡而死之則為殺身以成仁去之不為求生以害\n仁也順桓之間國統三絕太后稱制賊臣虎視李固\n據位持重以爭大義確乎而不可奪豈不知守節之\n觸禍恥夫覆折之傷任也觀其發正辭及所遺梁冀\n書雖機失謀乖猶戀戀而不能已至矣哉社稷之心\n乎其顧視胡廣趙戒猶糞土也\n論王允\n士雖以正立亦以謀濟若王允之推董卓而引其權\n伺其間而敝其罪當此之時天下懸解矣而終不以\n猜忤為釁者知其本於忠義之誠也故推卓不為失\n正分權不為苟冒伺間不為狙詐及其謀濟意從則\n歸成於正也\n論孔融\n昔諫大夫鄭昌有言山有猛獸者藜藿為之不採是\n以孔父正色不容弒虐之謀平仲立朝有紓盜齊之\n望若夫文舉之高志直情其足以動義概而忤雄心\n故使移鼎之跡事隔於人存代終之規啟機於身後\n也夫嚴氣正性覆折而已豈有員委屈可以每其\n生哉懍懍焉皓皓焉其與琨玉秋霜比質可也\n魏志\n毋丘儉傳注\n習鑿齒曰毋丘儉感明帝之顧命故為此役君子謂\n毋丘儉事雖不成可謂忠臣矣夫竭節而赴義者我\n也成之與敗者時也我苟無時成何可必乎忘我而\n不自必乃所以為忠也古人有言死者復生生者不\n愧若毋丘儉可謂能不愧也\n晉書\n忠義傳論\n古人有言君子殺身以成仁不求生以害仁又云非\n死之難處死之難信哉斯言也是知隕節苟合其宜\n義夫豈吝其沒捐軀若得其所烈士不愛其存故能\n守鐵石之深衷厲松筠之雅操見貞心於歲暮標勁\n節於嚴風赴鼎鑊其如歸履危亡而不顧書名竹帛\n畫象丹青前史以為美談後來仰其徽烈者也晉自\n元康之後政亂朝昏禍難薦興艱虞孔熾遂使姦凶\n放命戎狄交侵函夏沸騰蒼生塗炭干戈日用戰爭\n方興雖背恩忘義之徒不可勝載而蹈節輕生之士\n無乏於時至若嵇紹之衛難乘輿卞壼之亡軀鋒鏑\n桓雄之義高田叔周崎之節邁解揚羅丁致命於舊\n君辛吉恥臣於戎寇張禕引鴆以全節王諒斷臂以\n厲","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}