{"resource_id":5936,"title":"古今图书集成179","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"古今圖書整合179","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["幕屬部考","周","周制設黨正掌其黨之政令教治族長掌其族之戒","令政事閭胥掌其閭之徵令比長掌其比之治皆統","於地官","按周禮地官黨正每黨下大夫一人","訂","義","鄭司農曰五百家為黨　鄭鍔曰周家之制一","鄉則二十五黨每黨以下大夫一人為之則以正","一黨之人而為黨人所取正","各掌其黨之政令教治及四時之孟月吉日則屬民","而讀邦法以糾戒之","訂","義","鄭康成曰以四孟月朔日讀法者彌親民者教","彌數　劉執中曰正月在州三時在黨","春秋祭禜亦如之","訂","義","鄭鍔曰一黨之中必有禜祭左氏所謂日月星","辰之神則霜雪風雨之不時於是乎禜之山川之","神則水旱癘疫之不時於是乎禜之","國索鬼神而祭祀則以禮屬民而飲酒於序以正齒","位","訂","義","王昭禹曰郊特牲以歲十有二月合聚萬物而","索饗之則索鬼神而祭祀乃萬物之神蓋萬物所","以生所以成凡人之慾皆有以養之凡人之求皆","有以給之孰為此者其神乎先王於是有報禮焉","方其歲功之成則索萬物之神而祭之雖水庸昆","蟲有所不遺而況造物之元功乎大宗伯以□辜","祭四方百物鑰章國祭蠟則吹豳頌擊土鼓息老","物凡皆索鬼神之祭所以報本而反始既蠟而屬","民飲酒於序所以休老勞農報本反始於歲功之","成休老勞農以正齒位則又申之以孝弟之義","壹命齒於鄉里再命齒於父族三命而不齒","訂","義","陳君舉曰一命者天子之下士公侯伯之上士","子男之大夫而與鄉里齒焉再命者天子之中士","公侯伯之大夫子男之卿而又與族齒焉三命者","天子之上士公侯伯之卿雖雲不齒亦異席而已","非敢居其上","凡其黨之祭祀喪紀昏冠飲酒教其禮事掌其戒禁","訂","義","鄭鍔曰祭祀喪紀冠昏飲酒俯仰揖遜進退周","旋尤貴以禮為主於五百家之黨立一黨正之官","使民於此五事之中動必以禮從事然禮所得為","者不可以不戒禮所不得為者不可以不禁故又","掌其戒禁","凡作民而師田行役則以其法治其政事","訂","義","鄭鍔曰師田行役眾庶所聚非致嚴以馭之不","可也以法而治其政事又異乎平日之教以禮事","矣","歲終則會其黨政帥其吏而致事","訂","義","賈氏曰帥族師以下之吏致其所掌之事於州","長","正歲屬民讀法而書其德行道藝","訂","義","鄭鍔曰或謂黨正四時孟月之吉與夫春秋之","禜有糾戒之讀法歲十二月又有正齒位之飲酒","於是時也不書其民德行道藝至於正歲讀法則","一書之何也□讀法而糾戒之特以勉勵其修為","之始大蜡而正齒位特以變革其田野之習正歲","始一書者凡德行道藝之難能使人終歲修之以","俟一朝之見錄非正歲則黨正不書非修習之已","成則正歲不書聚民讀法以書之重難其事如此","以歲時□校比及大比亦如之","訂","義","鄭司農曰校比族師職所謂以時屬民而校登","其族之夫家之眾寡辨其貴賤老幼廢疾可任者","及其六畜車輦如今小案比　賈氏曰族師至三","年大案比黨正亦□之","族師每族上士一人","訂","義","鄭鍔曰六鄉之官無非掌教獨於族以師名官","何也蓋先王之制鄉也合四閭而為一族環一族","而聚百家其意以為治民者猶治家一家之中受","姓為氏受氏為族合族既眾倘不率馴教訓則卑","陵尊幼犯長而家道不正況百家之聚詎可不先","有以教之乎以師為名乃是合族而教之之意","各掌其族之戒令政事","訂","義","鄭鍔曰族師之官以掌教為主乃使之各掌其","戒令政事不及於教何也嘗以州長黨正考之長","以表率為義正以董正為義故二官皆言掌其教","治師者人之模範名官曰師則不待言而知其所","掌者教矣","月吉則屬民而讀邦法書其孝弟睦□有學者","訂","義","王昭禹曰鄉官之讀法與夫書考民之德行道","藝孝弟睦□每於屬民者非特眾而已亦所以公","是非而明好惡每於歲之正月吉日非特謹其始","而已亦使之日有所改月有所化","春秋祭酺亦如之","訂","義","鄭康成曰酺者為人物□害之神故書酺或為","步校人職又有冬祭馬步則未知此世所云蝝螟","之酺與人鬼之步與蓋亦為壇位如雩禜雲","以邦比之法帥四閭之吏以時屬民而校登其族之","夫家眾寡辨其貴賤老幼廢疾可任者及其六畜車","輦","訂","義","鄭鍔曰比法者小司徒頒於六鄉之比法也在","鄉師則謂之國比言是法本於王國而非臣下之","所私在族師則謂之邦比言是法行於邦中而非","特一族之所專　賈氏曰四閭之吏者族師管四","閭二十比吏則閭胥比長　王昭禹曰校其數而","登其籍於鄉大夫　項氏曰夫以田言家以居言","如家七人為眾家五人為寡貴賤老幼廢疾則不","任可任六尺以上七尺以上者六畜牛馬羊豕犬","雞車駕輦挽皆辨之","五家為比十家為聯五人為伍十人為聯四閭為族","八閭為聯使之相保相受刑罰慶賞相及相共以受","邦職以役國事以相葬埋","訂","義","黃氏曰比閭黨州皆以五而登惟閭四族變其","中者所以為聯法也故五家為比有聯則閭合四","閭為族有聯則黨合如是則比閭族黨無不合者","居則五家為比十家為聯行則五人為伍十人為","聯五伍也十什也故士師曰掌鄉合州黨族閭比","之聯與其人民之什伍是也鄉合非野法也四閭","為族八閭為聯八閭二百家軍法雖四而調一要","必以是而起鄭康成注稍人曰以人數調之使勞","逸遞焉是也大司馬有車有徒故十人為聯則伍","合二伍二百人為聯則卒合二卒以二百人計之","七十五人共車三伍百二十五人為徒兵五伍皆","伍也合則皆什也晉荀吳毀車為行而曰以伍共","車為先又曰困諸厄又克蓋當險野利用徒盡合","車人而用之故謂之以什共車","若作民而師田行役則合其卒伍簡其兵器以鼓鐸","旗物帥而至掌其治令戒禁刑罰歲終則會政致事","訂","義","鄭鍔曰一族之眾居則有比閭之聯而卒伍猶","未之合有耒耜之用而兵器或未之精至於作之","而師田行役族師遂為一卒之長欲其師行之有","統則必合為卒伍欲其攻戰之必勝則必簡其兵","器合則使之聯而不散簡則使之精而無敝又用","鼓鐸旗物率之至於師田行役之所猶恐其在軍","之不肅復掌其治令戒禁刑罰既已防之於其前","又有以驅之於其後孰敢不率哉至歲終會一歲","所行之政而致其事於鄉大夫則一族之政舉矣","閭胥每閭中士一人","訂","義","王昭禹曰閭二十五家而同其門中有胥以統","之","各掌其閭之徵令","訂","義","史氏曰閭胥於民尤近掌其徵令而已異於師","也徵令者下之所言皆是也","以歲時各數其閭之眾寡辨其施捨","訂","義","鄭鍔曰說者謂一閭之中不過二十五家其眾","寡何難知之有必以歲時各數之蓋一閭之民有","可任者亦有可施捨者彼其或老或幼苟不知其","可舍而一切任之豈恤民之道哉閭胥之數惟先","有以辨之則鄉大夫得以歲時入其書","凡春秋之祭祀役政喪紀之數聚眾庶既比則讀法","書其敬敏任恤者","訂","義","鄭康成曰祭祀謂州社黨禜族酺也役田役也","政若州射黨飲酒也喪紀大喪之事也四者及比","皆會聚眾民因以讀法以□戒之","凡事掌其比□撻罰之事","訂","義","賈氏曰言凡事則是鄉飲酒及鄉射飲酒有失","禮者皆須罰之掌其比者人聚則有校比之法皆","掌之","比長五家下士一人","訂","義","禮庫曰比長閭胥之屬","各掌其比之治五家相受相和親有□奇□則相及","訂","義","王昭禹曰大司"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"古今圖書整合179","section_title":"正文","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 古今圖書整合179\n幕屬部考\n周\n周制設黨正掌其黨之政令教治族長掌其族之戒\n令政事閭胥掌其閭之徵令比長掌其比之治皆統\n於地官\n按周禮地官黨正每黨下大夫一人\n訂\n義\n鄭司農曰五百家為黨　鄭鍔曰周家之制一\n鄉則二十五黨每黨以下大夫一人為之則以正\n一黨之人而為黨人所取正\n各掌其黨之政令教治及四時之孟月吉日則屬民\n而讀邦法以糾戒之\n訂\n義\n鄭康成曰以四孟月朔日讀法者彌親民者教\n彌數　劉執中曰正月在州三時在黨\n春秋祭禜亦如之\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰一黨之中必有禜祭左氏所謂日月星\n辰之神則霜雪風雨之不時於是乎禜之山川之\n神則水旱癘疫之不時於是乎禜之\n國索鬼神而祭祀則以禮屬民而飲酒於序以正齒\n位\n訂\n義\n王昭禹曰郊特牲以歲十有二月合聚萬物而\n索饗之則索鬼神而祭祀乃萬物之神蓋萬物所\n以生所以成凡人之慾皆有以養之凡人之求皆\n有以給之孰為此者其神乎先王於是有報禮焉\n方其歲功之成則索萬物之神而祭之雖水庸昆\n蟲有所不遺而況造物之元功乎大宗伯以□辜\n祭四方百物鑰章國祭蠟則吹豳頌擊土鼓息老\n物凡皆索鬼神之祭所以報本而反始既蠟而屬\n民飲酒於序所以休老勞農報本反始於歲功之\n成休老勞農以正齒位則又申之以孝弟之義\n壹命齒於鄉里再命齒於父族三命而不齒\n訂\n義\n陳君舉曰一命者天子之下士公侯伯之上士\n子男之大夫而與鄉里齒焉再命者天子之中士\n公侯伯之大夫子男之卿而又與族齒焉三命者\n天子之上士公侯伯之卿雖雲不齒亦異席而已\n非敢居其上\n凡其黨之祭祀喪紀昏冠飲酒教其禮事掌其戒禁\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰祭祀喪紀冠昏飲酒俯仰揖遜進退周\n旋尤貴以禮為主於五百家之黨立一黨正之官\n使民於此五事之中動必以禮從事然禮所得為\n者不可以不戒禮所不得為者不可以不禁故又\n掌其戒禁\n凡作民而師田行役則以其法治其政事\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰師田行役眾庶所聚非致嚴以馭之不\n可也以法而治其政事又異乎平日之教以禮事\n矣\n歲終則會其黨政帥其吏而致事\n訂\n義\n賈氏曰帥族師以下之吏致其所掌之事於州\n長\n正歲屬民讀法而書其德行道藝\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰或謂黨正四時孟月之吉與夫春秋之\n禜有糾戒之讀法歲十二月又有正齒位之飲酒\n於是時也不書其民德行道藝至於正歲讀法則\n一書之何也□讀法而糾戒之特以勉勵其修為\n之始大蜡而正齒位特以變革其田野之習正歲\n始一書者凡德行道藝之難能使人終歲修之以\n俟一朝之見錄非正歲則黨正不書非修習之已\n成則正歲不書聚民讀法以書之重難其事如此\n以歲時□校比及大比亦如之\n訂\n義\n鄭司農曰校比族師職所謂以時屬民而校登\n其族之夫家之眾寡辨其貴賤老幼廢疾可任者\n及其六畜車輦如今小案比　賈氏曰族師至三\n年大案比黨正亦□之\n族師每族上士一人\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰六鄉之官無非掌教獨於族以師名官\n何也蓋先王之制鄉也合四閭而為一族環一族\n而聚百家其意以為治民者猶治家一家之中受\n姓為氏受氏為族合族既眾倘不率馴教訓則卑\n陵尊幼犯長而家道不正況百家之聚詎可不先\n有以教之乎以師為名乃是合族而教之之意\n各掌其族之戒令政事\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰族師之官以掌教為主乃使之各掌其\n戒令政事不及於教何也嘗以州長黨正考之長\n以表率為義正以董正為義故二官皆言掌其教\n治師者人之模範名官曰師則不待言而知其所\n掌者教矣\n月吉則屬民而讀邦法書其孝弟睦□有學者\n訂\n義\n王昭禹曰鄉官之讀法與夫書考民之德行道\n藝孝弟睦□每於屬民者非特眾而已亦所以公\n是非而明好惡每於歲之正月吉日非特謹其始\n而已亦使之日有所改月有所化\n春秋祭酺亦如之\n訂\n義\n鄭康成曰酺者為人物□害之神故書酺或為\n步校人職又有冬祭馬步則未知此世所云蝝螟\n之酺與人鬼之步與蓋亦為壇位如雩禜雲\n以邦比之法帥四閭之吏以時屬民而校登其族之\n夫家眾寡辨其貴賤老幼廢疾可任者及其六畜車\n輦\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰比法者小司徒頒於六鄉之比法也在\n鄉師則謂之國比言是法本於王國而非臣下之\n所私在族師則謂之邦比言是法行於邦中而非\n特一族之所專　賈氏曰四閭之吏者族師管四\n閭二十比吏則閭胥比長　王昭禹曰校其數而\n登其籍於鄉大夫　項氏曰夫以田言家以居言\n如家七人為眾家五人為寡貴賤老幼廢疾則不\n任可任六尺以上七尺以上者六畜牛馬羊豕犬\n雞車駕輦挽皆辨之\n五家為比十家為聯五人為伍十人為聯四閭為族\n八閭為聯使之相保相受刑罰慶賞相及相共以受\n邦職以役國事以相葬埋\n訂\n義\n黃氏曰比閭黨州皆以五而登惟閭四族變其\n中者所以為聯法也故五家為比有聯則閭合四\n閭為族有聯則黨合如是則比閭族黨無不合者\n居則五家為比十家為聯行則五人為伍十人為\n聯五伍也十什也故士師曰掌鄉合州黨族閭比\n之聯與其人民之什伍是也鄉合非野法也四閭\n為族八閭為聯八閭二百家軍法雖四而調一要\n必以是而起鄭康成注稍人曰以人數調之使勞\n逸遞焉是也大司馬有車有徒故十人為聯則伍\n合二伍二百人為聯則卒合二卒以二百人計之\n七十五人共車三伍百二十五人為徒兵五伍皆\n伍也合則皆什也晉荀吳毀車為行而曰以伍共\n車為先又曰困諸厄又克蓋當險野利用徒盡合\n車人而用之故謂之以什共車\n若作民而師田行役則合其卒伍簡其兵器以鼓鐸\n旗物帥而至掌其治令戒禁刑罰歲終則會政致事\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰一族之眾居則有比閭之聯而卒伍猶\n未之合有耒耜之用而兵器或未之精至於作之\n而師田行役族師遂為一卒之長欲其師行之有\n統則必合為卒伍欲其攻戰之必勝則必簡其兵\n器合則使之聯而不散簡則使之精而無敝又用\n鼓鐸旗物率之至於師田行役之所猶恐其在軍\n之不肅復掌其治令戒禁刑罰既已防之於其前\n又有以驅之於其後孰敢不率哉至歲終會一歲\n所行之政而致其事於鄉大夫則一族之政舉矣\n閭胥每閭中士一人\n訂\n義\n王昭禹曰閭二十五家而同其門中有胥以統\n之\n各掌其閭之徵令\n訂\n義\n史氏曰閭胥於民尤近掌其徵令而已異於師\n也徵令者下之所言皆是也\n以歲時各數其閭之眾寡辨其施捨\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰說者謂一閭之中不過二十五家其眾\n寡何難知之有必以歲時各數之蓋一閭之民有\n可任者亦有可施捨者彼其或老或幼苟不知其\n可舍而一切任之豈恤民之道哉閭胥之數惟先\n有以辨之則鄉大夫得以歲時入其書\n凡春秋之祭祀役政喪紀之數聚眾庶既比則讀法\n書其敬敏任恤者\n訂\n義\n鄭康成曰祭祀謂州社黨禜族酺也役田役也\n政若州射黨飲酒也喪紀大喪之事也四者及比\n皆會聚眾民因以讀法以□戒之\n凡事掌其比□撻罰之事\n訂\n義\n賈氏曰言凡事則是鄉飲酒及鄉射飲酒有失\n禮者皆須罰之掌其比者人聚則有校比之法皆\n掌之\n比長五家下士一人\n訂\n義\n禮庫曰比長閭胥之屬\n各掌其比之治五家相受相和親有□奇□則相及\n訂\n義\n王昭禹曰大司","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}