{"resource_id":5933,"title":"古今图书集成176","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"古今圖書整合176","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["州牧部匯考（","按古人以州統郡任同方伯與近世州牧不同宋人之州即近世之郡亦","較近代知州為尊今合載之使稽古者有所考雲）","有虞氏","舜諮十有二牧","按書經舜典諮十有二牧曰食哉惟時柔遠能邇惇","德允元而難任人蠻夷率服","商","商設八州八伯各有其屬","按禮記王制千里之外設方伯二百一十國以為州","州有伯八州八伯五十六正百六十八帥三百三十","六長","陳","注","春秋傳曰八伯為八州之伯","大","全","嚴陵方氏曰方","伯即州伯也王畿居中八州居外各設一方伯焉","伯亦長也必謂之伯則以成德稱之以其為一州","之長非成德不足以當之正帥長八伯之屬也","周","周制設牧及州長之職掌其州之教","按周禮天官太宰之職以九兩系邦國之民一曰牧","以地得民","訂","義","鄭康成曰牧州長也九州各有封域以居民也","賈氏曰即王制二百一十國以為州州有伯伯","即州長也","地官州長每州中大夫一人","按古之州與後世不同","而州之名始此故錄之","訂","義","鄭鍔曰王制言千里之外設方伯五國以為屬","屬有長則長之為尊可知周官之制一鄉而五州","一州二千五百家之眾用中大夫一人為之長如","五國之長然蓋以一州之人為已眾有事而起則","為二千五百人之帥不得不重其權任以統治之","各掌其州之教治政令之法","訂","義","賈氏曰教謂十二教治政令之法謂十二教之","外所施政令皆治之","正月之吉各屬其州之民而讀法以考其德行道藝","而勸之以糾其過惡而戒之","訂","義","鄭氏曰屬猶合也聚也因聚眾而勸戒之者欲","其善也","若以歲時祭祀州社則屬其民而讀法亦如之","訂","義","賈氏曰上雲歲時皆謂歲之四時此雲歲時惟","春秋二時耳春祭社以祈膏雨望五□豐熟秋祭","社以百□豐稔所以報功故云祭祀州社"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"春秋以禮會民而射於州序","paragraphs":["訂","義","鄭鍔曰先王教民之法未有不因時以諭其意","射之為藝用於朝覲賓燕之時其事為文用於田","獵攻守之時其事為武故以春秋教之春陽用事","所以明其事之為文秋陰用事又以明其事之為","武因時而教其藝易進因以明義","凡州之大祭祀大喪皆□其事若國作民而師田行","役之事則帥而致之掌其戒令與其賞罰歲終則會","其州之政令正歲則讀教法如初","訂","義","君舉曰五黨為州州長正月讀法則五黨之","民已皆在州而黨正復屬民讀法五族為黨黨正","孟月讀法則五族之民已皆在黨而族師復屬民","讀法一日之間既於州長又於黨正又於族師民","將奔走之不暇不知當時何以分別","三年大比則大考州里以贊鄉大夫廢興","訂","義","王昭禹曰州長鄉官之次也於考勸糾戒務致","其悉則終之以贊鄉大夫廢興","秦","始皇帝二十六年分天下為三十六郡郡置守尉監","按史記秦始皇帝本紀云云","注","漢書百官表曰秦郡守掌治其郡有丞尉掌佐","守典武職甲卒監御史掌監郡","漢","武帝元封五年夏四月初置刺史部十三州","按漢書武帝本紀云云","注","師古曰漢舊儀雲初分十三州假刺史印綬有","常治所常以秋分行部御史為駕四封乘傳到所","部郡國各遣一吏迎之界所上察六條","按百官表監御史秦官掌監郡漢省丞相遣史分刺","州不常置武帝元封五年初置部刺史掌奉詔條察","州秩六百石員十三人","注","師古曰漢官典職儀雲刺史班宣周行郡國省","察治狀黜陟能否斷治冤獄以六條問事非條所","問即不省一條強宗豪右田宅逾制以強陵弱以","眾暴寡二條二千石不奉詔書遵承典制倍公向","私旁詔守利侵漁百姓聚斂為奸三條二千石不","恤疑獄風厲殺人怒則任刑喜則淫賞煩擾刻暴","剝截黎元為百姓所疾山崩石裂妖祥訛言四條","二千石選署不平苟阿所愛蔽賢寵頑五條二千","石子弟恃怙榮勢請託所監六條二千石違公下","比阿附豪強通行貨賂割損正令也","按地理志武帝攘卻胡越開地斥境南置交址北至","朔方之州兼徐梁幽並夏周之制改雍曰涼改梁曰","益凡十三部置刺史","注","師古曰胡廣記雲漢既定南越之地置交址刺","史別於諸州令持節治蒼梧分雍州置朔方刺史","愚按雍州即漢涼州也以廣之言考之則涼州疆","界闊遠分朔方諸郡別置刺史察之是涼州有兩","刺史也平當傳師古注曰武帝置朔方別令刺史","監之不在十三州之限","成帝綏和元年冬十二月罷部刺史更置州牧秩二","千石","按漢書成帝本紀云云　按朱博傳何武為大司空","又與翟丞相方進共奏言古選諸侯賢者以為州伯","書曰諮十有二牧所以廣聰明燭幽隱也今部刺史","居牧伯之位秉一州之統選第大吏所薦位高至九","卿所惡立退任重職大春秋之義用貴治賤不以卑","臨尊刺史位下大夫而臨二千石輕重不相準失位","次之序臣請罷刺史更置州牧以應古制奏可","哀帝建平二年夏四月罷州收復刺史","按漢書哀帝本紀云云　按朱博傳博奏復御史大","夫官又奏言漢家至德溥大字內萬里立置郡縣部","刺史奉使典州督察郡國吏民安寧故事居部九歲","舉為守相其有異材功效著者輒登擢秩卑而賞厚","鹹勸功樂進前丞相方進奏罷刺史更置州牧秩真","二千石位次九卿九卿缺以高第補其中材則苟自","守而已恐功效陵夷奸軌不禁臣請罷州牧置刺史","如故奏可","元壽二年復以刺史為州牧","按漢書哀帝本紀不載　按百官表元壽二年復為","牧","後漢","光武帝建武十一年十二月初斷州牧自還奏事","按後漢書光武帝本紀云云","注","前書音義曰刺史每歲盡則入奏事京師今斷","之","建武十八年罷州牧置刺史","按後漢書光武帝本紀云云","注","武帝元封五年初置部刺史掌奉詔條察州秩","六百石員十三人成帝綏和三年更名牧秩二千","石哀帝建平二年復為刺史元壽二年復為牧經","王莽變革至建武元年復置牧今改置刺史","按百官志外十有二州每州刺史一人六百石本注","曰秦有監御史監諸郡漢興省之但遣丞相史分刺","諸州無常官孝武帝初置刺史十三人秩六百石成","帝更為牧秩二千石建武十八年復為刺史十二人","各主一州其一州屬司隸校尉諸州常以八月巡行","所部郡國錄囚徒考殿最初歲盡詣京都奏事中興","但因計吏皆有從事史假佐本注曰員職略與司隸","同無都官從事其功曹從事為治中從事豫州部郡","國六冀州部九兗州部八徐州部五青州部六荊州","部七揚州部六益州部十二涼州部十二幷州部九","幽州部十一交州部七凡九十八其二十七王國相","其七十一郡太守其屬國都尉屬國分郡離遠縣置","之如郡差小置本郡名世祖並省郡縣四百餘所後","世稍復增之","注","蔡質漢儀曰詔書舊典刺史班宣周行郡國省","察治政黜陟能否斷理冤獄以六條問事非條所","問即不省一條強宗豪右田宅逾制以強陵弱以","眾暴寡二條二千石不奉詔書遵承典制倍公向","私旁詔守利侵漁百姓聚斂為奸三條二千石不","恤疑獄風厲殺人怒則任刑喜則任賞煩擾苛暴","剝戮黎元為百姓所疾山崩石裂妖祥訛言四條","二千石選署不平苟阿所愛蔽賢寵頑五條二千","石子弟怙恃榮勢請託所監六條二千石違公下","比阿附豪強通行貨賂割損政令諸州刺史初除","比諸持板揖不拜　胡廣曰縣邑囚徒皆閱錄視","參考辭狀實其真偽有侵冤者即時平理也課第","長吏不稱職者為殿舉免"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"古今圖書整合176","section_title":"正文","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"古今圖書整合176","section_title":"春秋以禮會民而射於州序","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 古今圖書整合176\n州牧部匯考（\n按古人以州統郡任同方伯與近世州牧不同宋人之州即近世之郡亦\n較近代知州為尊今合載之使稽古者有所考雲）\n有虞氏\n舜諮十有二牧\n按書經舜典諮十有二牧曰食哉惟時柔遠能邇惇\n德允元而難任人蠻夷率服\n商\n商設八州八伯各有其屬\n按禮記王制千里之外設方伯二百一十國以為州\n州有伯八州八伯五十六正百六十八帥三百三十\n六長\n陳\n注\n春秋傳曰八伯為八州之伯\n大\n全\n嚴陵方氏曰方\n伯即州伯也王畿居中八州居外各設一方伯焉\n伯亦長也必謂之伯則以成德稱之以其為一州\n之長非成德不足以當之正帥長八伯之屬也\n周\n周制設牧及州長之職掌其州之教\n按周禮天官太宰之職以九兩系邦國之民一曰牧\n以地得民\n訂\n義\n鄭康成曰牧州長也九州各有封域以居民也\n賈氏曰即王制二百一十國以為州州有伯伯\n即州長也\n地官州長每州中大夫一人\n按古之州與後世不同\n而州之名始此故錄之\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰王制言千里之外設方伯五國以為屬\n屬有長則長之為尊可知周官之制一鄉而五州\n一州二千五百家之眾用中大夫一人為之長如\n五國之長然蓋以一州之人為已眾有事而起則\n為二千五百人之帥不得不重其權任以統治之\n各掌其州之教治政令之法\n訂\n義\n賈氏曰教謂十二教治政令之法謂十二教之\n外所施政令皆治之\n正月之吉各屬其州之民而讀法以考其德行道藝\n而勸之以糾其過惡而戒之\n訂\n義\n鄭氏曰屬猶合也聚也因聚眾而勸戒之者欲\n其善也\n若以歲時祭祀州社則屬其民而讀法亦如之\n訂\n義\n賈氏曰上雲歲時皆謂歲之四時此雲歲時惟\n春秋二時耳春祭社以祈膏雨望五□豐熟秋祭\n社以百□豐稔所以報功故云祭祀州社\n## 春秋以禮會民而射於州序\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰先王教民之法未有不因時以諭其意\n射之為藝用於朝覲賓燕之時其事為文用於田\n獵攻守之時其事為武故以春秋教之春陽用事\n所以明其事之為文秋陰用事又以明其事之為\n武因時而教其藝易進因以明義\n凡州之大祭祀大喪皆□其事若國作民而師田行\n役之事則帥而致之掌其戒令與其賞罰歲終則會\n其州之政令正歲則讀教法如初\n訂\n義\n君舉曰五黨為州州長正月讀法則五黨之\n民已皆在州而黨正復屬民讀法五族為黨黨正\n孟月讀法則五族之民已皆在黨而族師復屬民\n讀法一日之間既於州長又於黨正又於族師民\n將奔走之不暇不知當時何以分別\n三年大比則大考州里以贊鄉大夫廢興\n訂\n義\n王昭禹曰州長鄉官之次也於考勸糾戒務致\n其悉則終之以贊鄉大夫廢興\n秦\n始皇帝二十六年分天下為三十六郡郡置守尉監\n按史記秦始皇帝本紀云云\n注\n漢書百官表曰秦郡守掌治其郡有丞尉掌佐\n守典武職甲卒監御史掌監郡\n漢\n武帝元封五年夏四月初置刺史部十三州\n按漢書武帝本紀云云\n注\n師古曰漢舊儀雲初分十三州假刺史印綬有\n常治所常以秋分行部御史為駕四封乘傳到所\n部郡國各遣一吏迎之界所上察六條\n按百官表監御史秦官掌監郡漢省丞相遣史分刺\n州不常置武帝元封五年初置部刺史掌奉詔條察\n州秩六百石員十三人\n注\n師古曰漢官典職儀雲刺史班宣周行郡國省\n察治狀黜陟能否斷治冤獄以六條問事非條所\n問即不省一條強宗豪右田宅逾制以強陵弱以\n眾暴寡二條二千石不奉詔書遵承典制倍公向\n私旁詔守利侵漁百姓聚斂為奸三條二千石不\n恤疑獄風厲殺人怒則任刑喜則淫賞煩擾刻暴\n剝截黎元為百姓所疾山崩石裂妖祥訛言四條\n二千石選署不平苟阿所愛蔽賢寵頑五條二千\n石子弟恃怙榮勢請託所監六條二千石違公下\n比阿附豪強通行貨賂割損正令也\n按地理志武帝攘卻胡越開地斥境南置交址北至\n朔方之州兼徐梁幽並夏周之制改雍曰涼改梁曰\n益凡十三部置刺史\n注\n師古曰胡廣記雲漢既定南越之地置交址刺\n史別於諸州令持節治蒼梧分雍州置朔方刺史\n愚按雍州即漢涼州也以廣之言考之則涼州疆\n界闊遠分朔方諸郡別置刺史察之是涼州有兩\n刺史也平當傳師古注曰武帝置朔方別令刺史\n監之不在十三州之限\n成帝綏和元年冬十二月罷部刺史更置州牧秩二\n千石\n按漢書成帝本紀云云　按朱博傳何武為大司空\n又與翟丞相方進共奏言古選諸侯賢者以為州伯\n書曰諮十有二牧所以廣聰明燭幽隱也今部刺史\n居牧伯之位秉一州之統選第大吏所薦位高至九\n卿所惡立退任重職大春秋之義用貴治賤不以卑\n臨尊刺史位下大夫而臨二千石輕重不相準失位\n次之序臣請罷刺史更置州牧以應古制奏可\n哀帝建平二年夏四月罷州收復刺史\n按漢書哀帝本紀云云　按朱博傳博奏復御史大\n夫官又奏言漢家至德溥大字內萬里立置郡縣部\n刺史奉使典州督察郡國吏民安寧故事居部九歲\n舉為守相其有異材功效著者輒登擢秩卑而賞厚\n鹹勸功樂進前丞相方進奏罷刺史更置州牧秩真\n二千石位次九卿九卿缺以高第補其中材則苟自\n守而已恐功效陵夷奸軌不禁臣請罷州牧置刺史\n如故奏可\n元壽二年復以刺史為州牧\n按漢書哀帝本紀不載　按百官表元壽二年復為\n牧\n後漢\n光武帝建武十一年十二月初斷州牧自還奏事\n按後漢書光武帝本紀云云\n注\n前書音義曰刺史每歲盡則入奏事京師今斷\n之\n建武十八年罷州牧置刺史\n按後漢書光武帝本紀云云\n注\n武帝元封五年初置部刺史掌奉詔條察州秩\n六百石員十三人成帝綏和三年更名牧秩二千\n石哀帝建平二年復為刺史元壽二年復為牧經\n王莽變革至建武元年復置牧今改置刺史\n按百官志外十有二州每州刺史一人六百石本注\n曰秦有監御史監諸郡漢興省之但遣丞相史分刺\n諸州無常官孝武帝初置刺史十三人秩六百石成\n帝更為牧秩二千石建武十八年復為刺史十二人\n各主一州其一州屬司隸校尉諸州常以八月巡行\n所部郡國錄囚徒考殿最初歲盡詣京都奏事中興\n但因計吏皆有從事史假佐本注曰員職略與司隸\n同無都官從事其功曹從事為治中從事豫州部郡\n國六冀州部九兗州部八徐州部五青州部六荊州\n部七揚州部六益州部十二涼州部十二幷州部九\n幽州部十一交州部七凡九十八其二十七王國相\n其七十一郡太守其屬國都尉屬國分郡離遠縣置\n之如郡差小置本郡名世祖並省郡縣四百餘所後\n世稍復增之\n注\n蔡質漢儀曰詔書舊典刺史班宣周行郡國省\n察治政黜陟能否斷理冤獄以六條問事非條所\n問即不省一條強宗豪右田宅逾制以強陵弱以\n眾暴寡二條二千石不奉詔書遵承典制倍公向\n私旁詔守利侵漁百姓聚斂為奸三條二千石不\n恤疑獄風厲殺人怒則任刑喜則任賞煩擾苛暴\n剝戮黎元為百姓所疾山崩石裂妖祥訛言四條\n二千石選署不平苟阿所愛蔽賢寵頑五條二千\n石子弟怙恃榮勢請託所監六條二千石違公下\n比阿附豪強通行貨賂割損政令諸州刺史初除\n比諸持板揖不拜　胡廣曰縣邑囚徒皆閱錄視\n參考辭狀實其真偽有侵冤者即時平理也課第\n長吏不稱職者為殿舉免","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}