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古今圖書整合175\n將帥部匯考一\n夏后氏\n帝啟三歲始命卿為將\n按尚書甘誓大戰於甘乃召六卿\n蔡\n傳\n天子六軍其將皆命卿\n帝仲康元歲始命引侯掌六師\n按尚書引徵惟仲康肇位四海引侯命掌六師\n蔡\n傳\n仲康命引侯掌王六師為大司馬\n周\n周制大司馬定軍旅卒伍之制以九伐正邦國\n按周書周官司馬掌邦政統六師平邦國\n蔡\n傳\n夏官卿主戎馬之事掌國征伐統御六軍平治\n邦國平謂強不得凌弱眾不得暴寡而人皆得其\n平也軍政莫急於馬故以司馬名官何莫非政獨\n戎政謂之政者用以征伐而正彼之不正王政之\n大者也\n按周禮夏官司馬\n訂\n義\n王昭禹曰馬者甲兵之具王政所重故自夏官\n卿一人至中士十有六人皆以司馬名官\n惟王建國辨方正位體國經野設官分職以為民極\n乃立夏官司馬使帥其屬而掌邦政以佐王平邦國\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰注謂政者正也上之所以正下也夏官\n獨謂政官司馬有九法九伐之制所以正其不正\n斯可謂之政矣王者之於邦國欲使各得其平司\n馬佐之以政則平也易矣然政以平邦國治職亦\n以平邦國何也治出於太宰則平之以道政掌於\n司馬則平之以政治典則平於順治之前政典則\n平於叛違之後\n政官之屬大司馬卿一人小司馬中大夫二人軍司\n馬下大夫四人輿司馬上士八人行司馬中士十有\n六人旅下士三十有二人府六人史十有六人胥三\n十有二人徒三百有二十人\n訂\n義\n黃氏曰司馬置屬與五官稍異小司馬而下有\n軍司馬輿司馬行司馬輿司馬掌車行司馬掌卒\n軍司馬兼掌之軍司馬如天官宰夫地官鄉師以\n軍名官其職可知\n凡制軍萬有二千五百人為軍王六軍大國三軍次\n國二軍小國一軍軍將皆命卿二千有五百人為師\n師帥皆中大夫五百人為旅旅帥皆下大夫百人為\n卒卒長皆上士二十有五人為兩兩司馬皆中士五\n人為伍伍皆有長一軍則二府六史胥十人徒百人\n訂\n義\n薛平仲曰周官序官之例未嘗有序事之法惟\n司馬所載制軍之事為詳而後官屬之緩急始次\n第而舉豈非兵者國之大事政典所用以平邦國\n者其規畫固當蚤正歟自調民之法立民之從事\n于軍者勞逸出入之相權而力常有餘矣於是萬\n二千五百人為一軍有不容損益者自制軍之數\n立國之有軍者內外輕重之相制而勢可得合矣\n於是王六軍以至小國一軍有降殺之逾陪焉軍\n有定製帥其軍者非威令素孚不行也於是大為\n之將而將皆命卿小為之長而長皆上士有以定\n尊卑上下之志焉軍有帥則文移之往來政令之\n徵召有不可略於是一軍則二府六史十胥百徒\n有以為文書排程之備焉舉軍政之要莫先斯四\n者先王規畫實為之井井繩繩而不紊觀敘事之\n法可考\n大司馬之職掌建邦國之九法以佐王平邦國\n訂\n義\n賈氏曰此九法以下皆言邦國以施於諸侯為\n主　鄭鍔曰九法皆佐王平邦國之典然建牧立\n監太宰之事設儀辨位大宗伯之事制畿封國大\n司徒之事大司馬之所謂建者特明其法以佈告\n之\n制畿封國以正邦國\n訂\n義\n陳君舉曰九畿九服周制也要之法度所及止\n於六服書雲六服群辟罔不承德其朝貢盡如禮\n止於五服書雲六年五服一朝是也\n設儀辨位以等邦國\n訂\n義\n鄭康成曰儀謂諸侯及諸臣之儀辨別也別尊\n卑之位\n進賢興功以作邦國\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰見於德行之謂賢見於事業之謂功賢\n可尊也受七命者進為八命之牧受八命者進為\n九命之伯功可錄也或加之以地或進之以律進\n其賢者則不賢者自礪興其功者則無功者知奮\n邦國可作\n建牧立監以維邦國\n訂\n義\n鄭康成曰此即大宰建其牧立其監　林椅曰\n乃屬長連帥之比\n制軍詰禁以糾邦國\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰無曲防無遏糴無有封而不告無以妾\n為妻是謂詰禁有軍以馭其亂有禁以詰其違則\n邦國可糾矣\n施貢分職以任邦國\n訂\n義\n王昭禹曰貢以物言施貢則各以其所有職以\n事言分職則各以其所能施貢以任其財分職以\n任其力此之謂任邦國\n簡稽鄉民以用邦國\n訂\n義\n王昭禹曰萬二千五百家為鄉大國三鄉次國\n二鄉小國一鄉所以處民也簡選也稽考也簡其\n強弱稽其多寡然後眾可用故曰以用邦國\n均守平則以安邦國\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰城郭溝池任其萬民便其守禦無使國\n大而所守者狹國小而所守者廣匡人達法則以\n匡邦國使無敢反側以聽王命無使職貢宜輕者\n或過乎則宜重者或不及乎則守均則力不困則\n平則心不疑而邦國可安\n比小事大以和邦國\n訂\n義\n鄭康成曰比猶親使大國親小國小國事大國\n相合和也易比象曰先王以建萬國親諸侯\n以九伐之法正邦國\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰諸侯有罪輕重不一至用兵以誅討之\n必聲其罪左氏曰有鐘鼓曰伐言聲其罪也\n馮弱犯寡則眚之\n訂\n義\n鄭康成曰馮猶乘陵也言不字小而侵侮之\n賊賢害民則伐之\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰伐如伐木之伐去其根本勿使再生之\n理賢足以長民賊之是不義民者邦所恃害之是\n不仁聲罪而伐剪夷去之\n暴內陵外則壇之\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰暴內則為惡於國中陵外則肆侮於四\n鄰不可以為君宜除而去之如除地為墠之壇\n野荒民散則削之\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰王者量地以制邑度地以居民為諸侯\n者有田野不能治至於荒蕪有人民不能聚至於\n離散則不能保有其大也故削之使小如漢削諸\n侯王郡是也\n負固不服則侵之\n訂\n義\n鄭康成曰負猶恃也固險可依以為固也不服\n不事大也\n賊殺其親則正之\n訂\n義\n鄭康成曰正之者執而治其罪\n放弒其君則殘之\n訂\n義\n鄭康成曰放逐也殘殺也\n犯令陵政則杜之\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰犯令以諸侯而抗天子之命陵政以諸\n侯而侵天子之權\n外內亂鳥獸行則滅之\n訂\n義\n鄭康成曰王霸記曰悖人倫外內無以異於禽\n獸則誅滅去之也\n漢\n漢承秦制設太尉大將軍皆以主兵後改大司馬其\n屬有護軍都尉校尉等官又設前後左右將軍及西\n域置都護戊己校尉伏波樓船諸名號隨時增減\n按漢書百官表太尉秦官金印紫綬掌武事武帝建\n元二年省元狩四年初置大司馬以冠將軍之號宣\n帝地節三年置大司馬不冠將軍亦無印綬官屬成\n帝綏和元年初賜大司馬金印紫綬置官屬祿比丞\n相去將軍哀帝建平二年復去大司馬印綬官屬冠\n將軍如故元壽二年復賜大司馬印綬置官屬去將\n軍位在司徒上有長史秩千石\n前後左右將軍皆週末官秦因之位上卿金印紫綬\n漢不常置或有前後或有左右皆掌兵及四夷有長\n史秩千石\n護軍都尉秦官武帝元狩四年屬大司馬成帝綏和\n元年居大司馬府比司直哀帝元壽元年更名司寇\n平帝元始元年更名護軍\n司隸校尉周官武帝徵和四年初置持節從中都官\n徒千二百人捕巫蠱督大奸猾後罷其兵察三輔三\n河弘農元帝初元四年去節成帝元延四年省綏和\n二年哀帝復置但為司隸冠進賢冠屬大司空比司\n直\n城門校尉掌京師城門屯兵有司馬十二城門候中\n壘校尉掌北軍壘門內外掌西域屯騎校尉掌騎士\n步兵校尉掌上林苑門屯兵越騎校尉掌越騎長水\n校尉掌長水宣曲胡騎又有胡騎校尉掌池陽胡騎\n不常置射聲校尉掌待詔射聲士虎賁校尉掌輕車\n凡八校尉皆武帝初置有丞司馬自司隸至虎賁校\n尉秩皆二千石\n西域都護加官宣","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}