{"resource_id":5927,"title":"古今图书集成170","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"太醫院部匯考","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"周","paragraphs":["周制設醫師以統食醫疾醫瘍醫獸醫而隸於天官","冢宰","按周禮天官冢宰治官之屬醫師上士二人下士四","人府二人史二人徒二十人","注","醫師眾醫之長","醫師掌醫之政令聚毒藥以共醫事","注","毒藥藥之辛苦者藥之物恆多毒孟子曰若藥","不瞑眩厥疾不瘳","凡邦之有疾病者有疕瘍者造焉則使醫分而治之","注","疕頭瘍亦謂禿也身傷曰瘍分之者醫各有能","歲終則稽其醫事以制其食十全為上十失一次之","十失二次之十失三次之十失四為下","注","食祿也全猶愈也以失四為下者五則半矣或","不治自愈","食醫中士二人","注","食有和齊藥之類","食醫掌和王之六食六飲六膳百羞百醬八珍之齊","注","和調也","凡食齊□春時","注","飯宜溫","羹齊□夏時","注","羹宜熱","醬齊□秋時","注","醬宜涼","飲齊□冬時","注","飲宜寒","凡和春多酸夏多苦秋多辛冬多鹹調以滑甘","注","各尚其時味而甘以成之猶水火金木之載於","土","凡會膳食之宜牛宜稌羊宜黍豕宜稷犬宜梁雁宜","麥魚宜□","注","會成也謂其味相成","凡君子之食恆放焉","注","放猶依也","疾醫中士八人","疾醫掌養萬民之疾病四時皆有癘疾春時有痟首","疾夏時有癢疥疾秋時有瘧寒疾冬時有嗽上氣疾","注","癘疾氣不和之疾痟酸削也首疾頭痛也嗽咳","也上氣逆喘也","以五味五穀五藥養其病","注","養猶治也病由氣勝負而生攻其蠃養其不足","者五味醯酒飴蜜姜鹽之屬五穀麻黍稷麥豆也","五藥草木蟲石谷也","以五氣五聲五色□其死生","注","三者劇易之徵見於外者五氣五藏所出氣也","五聲言語宮商角徵羽也五色面貌青赤黃白黑","也察其盈虛休王吉凶可知","兩之以九竅之變參之以九藏之動","注","兩參之者以觀其死生之驗竅之變謂開閉非","常藏之動謂□至與不至","凡民之有疾病者分而治之死終則各書其所以而","入於醫師","注","少者曰死老者曰終所以謂治之不愈之狀也","醫師得以制其祿且為後治之戒","瘍醫下士八人","注","瘍創癰也","瘍醫掌腫瘍潰瘍金瘍折瘍之祝藥劀殺之齊","注","祝當為注讀如注病之注謂附著藥劀颳去膿","血殺謂以藥食其惡肉","凡療瘍以五毒攻之","注","止病曰療攻治也五毒五藥之有毒者","以五氣養之以五藥療之以五味節之","注","既刮殺而攻盡其宿肉乃養之也五氣當為五","谷字之誤也節節成其藥之力","凡藥以酸養骨以辛養筋以鹹養□以苦養氣以甘","養肉以滑養竅","注","以類相養也","凡有瘍者受其藥焉","獸醫下士四人","注","獸牛馬之類","獸醫掌療獸病療獸瘍","注","畜獸之疾病及瘍療同醫","凡療獸病灌而行之以節之以動其氣觀其所發而","養之","注","療畜獸必灌行之者為其病狀難知灌以緩之","且強其氣也節趨聚之節也氣謂□氣既行之乃","以□視之以知所病","凡療獸瘍灌而劀之以發其惡然後藥之養之食之","注","亦先攻之而後養之","凡獸之有病者有瘍者使療之死則計其數以進退","之"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"漢","paragraphs":["漢設太醫令丞統於太常而少府亦有太醫令丞","按漢書百官公卿表太常屬官有太醫令丞","少府屬官有太醫令丞"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","title":"後漢","paragraphs":["後漢設太醫令丞以統諸醫而隸於少府","按後漢書百官志少府太醫令一人六百石本注曰","掌諸醫藥丞方丞各一人本注曰藥丞主藥方丞主","藥方","注","漢官曰員醫二百九十三人員吏十九人"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","title":"晉","paragraphs":["晉初以太醫隸宗正後改屬門下省","按晉書職官志宗正統皇族宗人圖諜又統太醫令","史又有司牧掾員及渡江哀帝省並太常太醫以給","下省"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","title":"宋","paragraphs":["宋以太醫令隸侍中","按宋書百官志太醫令一人丞一人周官為醫師秦","為太醫令至二漢屬少府宋隸侍中"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","title":"梁","paragraphs":["梁置太醫令丞而隸於門下者","按隋書百官志梁門下省置侍中給事黃門侍郎各","四人掌侍從左右擯相威儀盡規獻納糾正違闕監","合御藥封璽書侍郎高功者加侍中祭酒與侍郎高","功者一人對掌禁令公車太官太醫等令驊騮廄丞"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","title":"北魏","paragraphs":["道武帝天興三年置仙人博士官典煮煉百藥","按魏書太祖本紀不載　按官氏志云云","孝文帝太和　　年詔議官制定嘗藥監等階品","按魏書高祖本紀不載　按官氏志自太祖至高祖","初其內外百官屢有減置或事出當時不為常目舊","令亡失無所依據太和中高祖詔群寮議定百官著","於令嘗藥監從第五品下太醫博士從第七品下太","醫太史助教第九品中","獻文帝皇興四年詔天下民有病所在官司量給醫","藥","按魏書顯祖本紀皇興四年春三月丙戌詔曰朕思","百姓病苦民多非命明發不寐疚心疾首是以廣集","良醫遠採名藥欲以救護兆民可宣告天下民有病","者所在官司遣醫就家診視所須藥物任醫量給之"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","title":"北齊","paragraphs":["北齊置尚藥局監仍隸於門下省","按隋書百官志後齊制官門下省尚藥局典御及丞","各二人總知御藥事侍御師尚藥監各四人"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","title":"北周","paragraphs":["北周置太醫下大夫","按杜佑通典周官有醫師上士下士掌醫之政令後","周有太醫下大夫"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","title":"隋","paragraphs":["隋設太醫署令丞統主藥醫師助教博士之屬皆隸","於太常而尚食局尚藥局又有食醫侍御醫直長之","屬隸門下省","按隋書百官志太常寺統太醫署置令二人丞一人","有主藥二人醫師二百人藥園師二人醫博士二人","助教二人按摩博士二人祝禁博士二人","門下省統城門尚食尚藥符璽御府殿內等六局尚","食局典御二人直長四人食醫四人尚藥局典御二","人侍御醫直長各四人醫師四十人　尚藥典御為","正五品御醫為正七品上階尚藥直長為正七品太","醫署令為從八品上階尚醫局丞為正九品太醫署","丞為從九品上階","煬帝大業三年太常寺太醫署置醫監而以食醫尚","藥等員屬殿內省","按隋書煬帝本紀不載　按百官志煬帝即位多所","改革三年定令分門下太僕二司取殿內監名以為","殿內省統尚食尚藥局各置奉御二人正五品皆置","直長以貳之正七品尚食直長六人又有食醫員尚","藥直長四人又有侍御醫司醫醫佐員太常寺太醫","又置醫監五人正十人"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","title":"唐","paragraphs":["唐以侍御尚醫及尚食局食醫尚藥局奉御等職屬","殿中省而太常寺有太醫署以令丞統四博士教諸","醫而考課之","按唐書百官志太常寺總郊社太樂鼓吹太醫太卜","廩犧諸祠廟等署太醫署令二人從七品下丞二人","醫監四人並從八品下醫正八人從九品下令掌醫","療之法其屬有四一曰醫師二曰針師三曰按摩師","四曰□禁師皆教以博士考試登用如國子監醫師","醫正醫工療病書其全之多少為考課歲給藥以防","民疾凡陵寢廟皆儲以藥尚藥太常醫各一人受之","宮人患坊有藥庫監門蒞出給醫師醫監醫正番別","一人蒞坊凡課藥之州置採藥師一人京師以良田","為園庶人十六以上為藥園生業成者為師凡藥辨","其所出擇其良者進焉","注","有府二人史四人主藥八人藥童二十四人藥","園師二人藥園生八人掌固四人醫師二十人醫","工百人醫生四十人典藥一人針工三十人針生","二十人按摩工五十六人按摩生十五人□禁師","二人□禁工八人□禁生十人","醫博士一人正八品上助教一人從九品上掌教授","諸生以本草甲乙□經分而為業一曰體療二曰瘡","腫三曰少小四曰耳目口齒五曰角法","針博士一人從八品上助教一人針師十人並從九","品下掌教針生以經□孔穴教如醫生","按摩博士一人按摩師四人並從九品下常教導引","之法以除疾損傷折跌者正之","□禁博士"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"太醫院部匯考","section_title":"周","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"太醫院部匯考","section_title":"漢","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","chapter_title":"太醫院部匯考","section_title":"後漢","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","chapter_title":"太醫院部匯考","section_title":"晉","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","chapter_title":"太醫院部匯考","section_title":"宋","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","chapter_title":"太醫院部匯考","section_title":"梁","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","chapter_title":"太醫院部匯考","section_title":"北魏","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","chapter_title":"太醫院部匯考","section_title":"北齊","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","chapter_title":"太醫院部匯考","section_title":"北周","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","chapter_title":"太醫院部匯考","section_title":"隋","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","chapter_title":"太醫院部匯考","section_title":"唐","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 太醫院部匯考\n## 周\n周制設醫師以統食醫疾醫瘍醫獸醫而隸於天官\n冢宰\n按周禮天官冢宰治官之屬醫師上士二人下士四\n人府二人史二人徒二十人\n注\n醫師眾醫之長\n醫師掌醫之政令聚毒藥以共醫事\n注\n毒藥藥之辛苦者藥之物恆多毒孟子曰若藥\n不瞑眩厥疾不瘳\n凡邦之有疾病者有疕瘍者造焉則使醫分而治之\n注\n疕頭瘍亦謂禿也身傷曰瘍分之者醫各有能\n歲終則稽其醫事以制其食十全為上十失一次之\n十失二次之十失三次之十失四為下\n注\n食祿也全猶愈也以失四為下者五則半矣或\n不治自愈\n食醫中士二人\n注\n食有和齊藥之類\n食醫掌和王之六食六飲六膳百羞百醬八珍之齊\n注\n和調也\n凡食齊□春時\n注\n飯宜溫\n羹齊□夏時\n注\n羹宜熱\n醬齊□秋時\n注\n醬宜涼\n飲齊□冬時\n注\n飲宜寒\n凡和春多酸夏多苦秋多辛冬多鹹調以滑甘\n注\n各尚其時味而甘以成之猶水火金木之載於\n土\n凡會膳食之宜牛宜稌羊宜黍豕宜稷犬宜梁雁宜\n麥魚宜□\n注\n會成也謂其味相成\n凡君子之食恆放焉\n注\n放猶依也\n疾醫中士八人\n疾醫掌養萬民之疾病四時皆有癘疾春時有痟首\n疾夏時有癢疥疾秋時有瘧寒疾冬時有嗽上氣疾\n注\n癘疾氣不和之疾痟酸削也首疾頭痛也嗽咳\n也上氣逆喘也\n以五味五穀五藥養其病\n注\n養猶治也病由氣勝負而生攻其蠃養其不足\n者五味醯酒飴蜜姜鹽之屬五穀麻黍稷麥豆也\n五藥草木蟲石谷也\n以五氣五聲五色□其死生\n注\n三者劇易之徵見於外者五氣五藏所出氣也\n五聲言語宮商角徵羽也五色面貌青赤黃白黑\n也察其盈虛休王吉凶可知\n兩之以九竅之變參之以九藏之動\n注\n兩參之者以觀其死生之驗竅之變謂開閉非\n常藏之動謂□至與不至\n凡民之有疾病者分而治之死終則各書其所以而\n入於醫師\n注\n少者曰死老者曰終所以謂治之不愈之狀也\n醫師得以制其祿且為後治之戒\n瘍醫下士八人\n注\n瘍創癰也\n瘍醫掌腫瘍潰瘍金瘍折瘍之祝藥劀殺之齊\n注\n祝當為注讀如注病之注謂附著藥劀颳去膿\n血殺謂以藥食其惡肉\n凡療瘍以五毒攻之\n注\n止病曰療攻治也五毒五藥之有毒者\n以五氣養之以五藥療之以五味節之\n注\n既刮殺而攻盡其宿肉乃養之也五氣當為五\n谷字之誤也節節成其藥之力\n凡藥以酸養骨以辛養筋以鹹養□以苦養氣以甘\n養肉以滑養竅\n注\n以類相養也\n凡有瘍者受其藥焉\n獸醫下士四人\n注\n獸牛馬之類\n獸醫掌療獸病療獸瘍\n注\n畜獸之疾病及瘍療同醫\n凡療獸病灌而行之以節之以動其氣觀其所發而\n養之\n注\n療畜獸必灌行之者為其病狀難知灌以緩之\n且強其氣也節趨聚之節也氣謂□氣既行之乃\n以□視之以知所病\n凡療獸瘍灌而劀之以發其惡然後藥之養之食之\n注\n亦先攻之而後養之\n凡獸之有病者有瘍者使療之死則計其數以進退\n之\n## 漢\n漢設太醫令丞統於太常而少府亦有太醫令丞\n按漢書百官公卿表太常屬官有太醫令丞\n少府屬官有太醫令丞\n## 後漢\n後漢設太醫令丞以統諸醫而隸於少府\n按後漢書百官志少府太醫令一人六百石本注曰\n掌諸醫藥丞方丞各一人本注曰藥丞主藥方丞主\n藥方\n注\n漢官曰員醫二百九十三人員吏十九人\n## 晉\n晉初以太醫隸宗正後改屬門下省\n按晉書職官志宗正統皇族宗人圖諜又統太醫令\n史又有司牧掾員及渡江哀帝省並太常太醫以給\n下省\n## 宋\n宋以太醫令隸侍中\n按宋書百官志太醫令一人丞一人周官為醫師秦\n為太醫令至二漢屬少府宋隸侍中\n## 梁\n梁置太醫令丞而隸於門下者\n按隋書百官志梁門下省置侍中給事黃門侍郎各\n四人掌侍從左右擯相威儀盡規獻納糾正違闕監\n合御藥封璽書侍郎高功者加侍中祭酒與侍郎高\n功者一人對掌禁令公車太官太醫等令驊騮廄丞\n## 北魏\n道武帝天興三年置仙人博士官典煮煉百藥\n按魏書太祖本紀不載　按官氏志云云\n孝文帝太和　　年詔議官制定嘗藥監等階品\n按魏書高祖本紀不載　按官氏志自太祖至高祖\n初其內外百官屢有減置或事出當時不為常目舊\n令亡失無所依據太和中高祖詔群寮議定百官著\n於令嘗藥監從第五品下太醫博士從第七品下太\n醫太史助教第九品中\n獻文帝皇興四年詔天下民有病所在官司量給醫\n藥\n按魏書顯祖本紀皇興四年春三月丙戌詔曰朕思\n百姓病苦民多非命明發不寐疚心疾首是以廣集\n良醫遠採名藥欲以救護兆民可宣告天下民有病\n者所在官司遣醫就家診視所須藥物任醫量給之\n## 北齊\n北齊置尚藥局監仍隸於門下省\n按隋書百官志後齊制官門下省尚藥局典御及丞\n各二人總知御藥事侍御師尚藥監各四人\n## 北周\n北周置太醫下大夫\n按杜佑通典周官有醫師上士下士掌醫之政令後\n周有太醫下大夫\n## 隋\n隋設太醫署令丞統主藥醫師助教博士之屬皆隸\n於太常而尚食局尚藥局又有食醫侍御醫直長之\n屬隸門下省\n按隋書百官志太常寺統太醫署置令二人丞一人\n有主藥二人醫師二百人藥園師二人醫博士二人\n助教二人按摩博士二人祝禁博士二人\n門下省統城門尚食尚藥符璽御府殿內等六局尚\n食局典御二人直長四人食醫四人尚藥局典御二\n人侍御醫直長各四人醫師四十人　尚藥典御為\n正五品御醫為正七品上階尚藥直長為正七品太\n醫署令為從八品上階尚醫局丞為正九品太醫署\n丞為從九品上階\n煬帝大業三年太常寺太醫署置醫監而以食醫尚\n藥等員屬殿內省\n按隋書煬帝本紀不載　按百官志煬帝即位多所\n改革三年定令分門下太僕二司取殿內監名以為\n殿內省統尚食尚藥局各置奉御二人正五品皆置\n直長以貳之正七品尚食直長六人又有食醫員尚\n藥直長四人又有侍御醫司醫醫佐員太常寺太醫\n又置醫監五人正十人\n## 唐\n唐以侍御尚醫及尚食局食醫尚藥局奉御等職屬\n殿中省而太常寺有太醫署以令丞統四博士教諸\n醫而考課之\n按唐書百官志太常寺總郊社太樂鼓吹太醫太卜\n廩犧諸祠廟等署太醫署令二人從七品下丞二人\n醫監四人並從八品下醫正八人從九品下令掌醫\n療之法其屬有四一曰醫師二曰針師三曰按摩師\n四曰□禁師皆教以博士考試登用如國子監醫師\n醫正醫工療病書其全之多少為考課歲給藥以防\n民疾凡陵寢廟皆儲以藥尚藥太常醫各一人受之\n宮人患坊有藥庫監門蒞出給醫師醫監醫正番別\n一人蒞坊凡課藥之州置採藥師一人京師以良田\n為園庶人十六以上為藥園生業成者為師凡藥辨\n其所出擇其良者進焉\n注\n有府二人史四人主藥八人藥童二十四人藥\n園師二人藥園生八人掌固四人醫師二十人醫\n工百人醫生四十人典藥一人針工三十人針生\n二十人按摩工五十六人按摩生十五人□禁師\n二人□禁工八人□禁生十人\n醫博士一人正八品上助教一人從九品上掌教授\n諸生以本草甲乙□經分而為業一曰體療二曰瘡\n腫三曰少小四曰耳目口齒五曰角法\n針博士一人從八品上助教一人針師十人並從九\n品下掌教針生以經□孔穴教如醫生\n按摩博士一人按摩師四人並從九品下常教導引\n之法以除疾損傷折跌者正之\n□禁博士","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}