{"resource_id":5925,"title":"古今图书集成168","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"大理寺部匯考","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"上古","paragraphs":["黃帝有熊氏命后土為李","按史記五帝本紀不載　按外紀黃帝得六相而天","地治神明至后土辨乎北方故為李","注","釋義曰李古官即大理之職也管子曰黃帝得","后土辨於四方使為李春秋元命包曰堯得皋陶","聘為大理舜時為士師韓詩外傳有晉文公使李","離為大理劉向新序楚平王以伍奢為大理大理","之名自古有矣秦為廷尉漢初因之至景帝中元","中更名大理蓋復古號也","陶唐氏","帝堯命皋陶作士","按書經舜典帝曰皋陶蠻夷猾夏寇賊奸宄汝作士","五刑有服五服三就五流有宅五宅三居惟明克允","疏","士即周禮司寇之屬有士師鄉士等皆以士為","官名鄭元曰士察也主察獄訟之事"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"漢","paragraphs":["漢承秦制設廷尉以掌刑辟後更名大理有正有監","有平皆統之","按漢書百官公卿表廷尉秦官掌刑辟有正左右監","秩皆千石景帝中六年更名大理武帝建元四年復","為廷尉宣帝地節三年初置左右平秩皆六百石哀","帝元壽二年復為大理王莽改曰作士","注","師古曰廷平也治獄貴平故以為號","按刑法志宣帝即位廷史路溫舒上疏言秦有十失","其一尚存治獄之吏是也上深愍焉乃下詔曰間者","吏用法巧文寖深是朕之不德也夫決獄不當使有","罪興邪不辜蒙戮父子悲恨朕甚傷之今遣廷史與","郡鞫獄任輕祿薄其為置廷平秩六百石員四人其","務平之以稱朕意於是選於定國為廷尉求明察寬","恕黃霸等以為廷平季秋後請讞時上常幸宣室齋","居而決事獄刑號為平矣"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","title":"後漢","paragraphs":["後漢設廷尉卿掌平決詔獄","按後漢書百官志廷尉卿一人中二千石本注曰掌","平獄奏當所應凡郡國讞疑罪皆處當以報","注","應劭曰兵獄同制故稱廷尉胡廣曰讞質也漢","官曰員吏百四十人其十一人四科十六人二百","石廷吏文學十六人百石十三人獄史二十七人","佐二十六人騎吏三十人假佐一人官醫","正左監各一人","注","前漢有左右監平世祖省右而猶曰左","左平一人六百石本注曰掌平決詔獄","右屬廷尉本注曰孝武帝以下置中都官獄二十六","所各令長名世祖中興皆省唯廷尉及雒陽有詔獄","注","蔡質漢儀曰正月旦百官朝賀光祿勳劉嘉廷","尉趙世各辭不能朝高賜舉奏皆以被病篤困空","文武之位闕上卿之贊既無忠信斷金之用而有","敗禮傷化之尤不謹不敬請廷尉治嘉罪河南尹","治世罪議以世掌廷尉故轉屬他官"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","title":"晉","paragraphs":["晉設廷尉以主刑獄正監評律博士屬之","按晉書職官志太常光祿勳衛尉太僕廷尉大鴻臚","宗正大司農少府將作大匠太后三卿大長秋皆為","列卿各置丞功曹主簿五官等員廷尉主刑法獄訟","屬官有正監評並有律博士員"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","title":"宋","paragraphs":["宋仍漢晉設廷尉丞正監評博士各一人","按宋書百官志廷尉一人丞一人掌刑辟凡獄必質","之朝廷與眾共之之義兵獄同制故曰廷尉舜攝帝","位咎繇作士即其任也周時大司寇為秋官掌邦刑","秦為廷尉漢景帝中六年更名大理武帝建元四年","復為廷尉哀帝元壽元年復為大理漢東京初復為","廷尉","廷尉正一人","廷尉監一人正監並秦官本有左右監漢光武省右","猶雲左監魏晉以來直雲監","廷尉評一人漢宣帝地節三年初置左右評漢光武","省右猶雲左評魏晉以來直雲評正監評並以下官","禮敬廷尉卿正監秩千石評六百石廷尉律博士一","人魏武初建魏國置","南齊","南齊置廷尉如宋制","按南齊書百官志廷尉府置丞一人正一人監一人","評一人律博士一人"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","title":"梁","paragraphs":["梁初設大理後改為廷尉卿為秋卿統正監平增置","律博士","按隋書百官志廷尉卿梁國初建曰大理天監元年","復改為廷尉有正監平三人元會廷尉三官與建康","三官皆法冠元衣朝服以監東西中華門手執方木","長三尺方一寸謂之執方四年置胄子律博士位視","員外郎　梁初猶依宋齊皆無卿名天監七年以衛","尉為衛尉卿廷尉為廷尉卿將作大匠為大匠卿三","卿是為秋卿皆置丞及功曹主簿"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","title":"陳","paragraphs":["陳承梁置廷尉卿監正平之屬","按隋書百官志陳承梁皆循其制官其所製品秩廷","尉卿秩中二千石品第三廷尉正監平六百石品第","七廷尉丞胄子律博士六百石品第八　按刑法志","陳廷尉寺為北獄建康縣為南獄並置正監平"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","title":"北魏","paragraphs":["孝文帝太和　　年以詔議官制定廷尉卿以下階","品","按魏書高祖本紀不載　按官氏志自太祖至高祖","初其內外百官屢有減置或事出當時不為常目舊","令亡失無所依據太和中高祖詔群寮議定百官著","於令六卿太僕廷尉大鴻臚宗正大司農少府第二","品上少卿第三品上廷尉正監評第五品中廷尉丞","從第五品中律博士第六品中","太和二十三年複次廷尉卿以下階品","按魏書高祖本紀不載　按官氏志二十三年高祖","複次職令及帝崩世宗初班行之以為永制六卿太","僕廷尉大鴻臚宗正大司農太府第三品少卿第四","品上階廷尉正監評第六品廷尉丞第七品律博士","第九品上階","孝莊帝永安二年詔復置司直十人視五品隸廷尉","覆治御史檢劾事","按魏書敬宗本紀不載　按官氏志云云"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","title":"北齊","paragraphs":["北齊設大理寺置卿一人少卿丞佐之統正監評博","士之屬","按隋書百官志後齊制官多循後魏大理寺卿少卿","丞各一人有功曹五官主簿錄事等員掌決正刑獄","正監評各一人律博士四人明掾二十四人檻車","督二人掾十人獄丞掾各二人司直明法各十人"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","title":"隋","paragraphs":["隋仍置大理寺以掌刑獄","按隋書百官志高祖既受命改周之六官其所制名","多依前代之法置大理寺大理寺置卿少卿各一人","丞二人主簿錄事各二人大理寺不統署又有正監","評各一人司直十人律博士八人明法二十人獄掾","八人　大理卿為正三品大理少卿為正四品大理","司直為從五品大理正監評為正六品大理寺丞為","正七品大理寺律博士為正九品上階　按刑法志","帝每季親錄囚徒常以秋分之前省閱諸州申奏罪","狀開皇三年因覽刑部奏斷獄數猶至萬條以為律","尚嚴密故人多陷罪又敕蘇威牛弘等更定新律除","死罪八十一條流罪一百五十四條徒杖等千餘條","定留唯五百條凡十二卷一曰名例二曰衛禁三曰","職制四曰戶婚五曰□庫六曰擅興七曰賊盜八曰","鬥訟九曰詐偽十曰雜律十一曰捕亡十二曰斷獄","自是刑網簡要疏而不失於是置律博士弟子員斷","決大獄皆先牒明法定其罪名然後依斷","文帝開皇三年罷大理寺監評及律博士員加置正","為四人","按隋書高祖本紀不載　按百官志云云","開皇十二年秋八月令大理覆治天下死罪","按隋書高祖本紀開皇十二年秋八月甲戌制天下","死罪諸州不得便決皆令大理覆冶","煬帝大業三年大理寺置二少卿改丞為勾檢官增","置正員及司直評事","按隋書煬帝本紀不載　按百官志煬帝即位多所","改革三年定令光祿已下八寺卿皆降為從三品少","卿各加置二人為從四品大理寺丞改為勾檢官增","正員為六人分判獄事置司直十六人降為從六品","後加至二十人又置評事四十八人掌頗同司直正","九品","大業五年增大理丞為從五品","按隋書煬帝本紀不載　按百官志五年光祿已下","八寺丞並增為從五品"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","title":"唐","paragraphs":["唐置大理寺卿掌折獄詳刑正丞主簿司直佐之","按唐書百官志大理寺卿一人從三品少卿二人從","五品下掌折獄詳刑凡罪抵流死皆上刑部覆於中","書門下系者五日"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"大理寺部匯考","section_title":"上古","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"大理寺部匯考","section_title":"漢","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","chapter_title":"大理寺部匯考","section_title":"後漢","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","chapter_title":"大理寺部匯考","section_title":"晉","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","chapter_title":"大理寺部匯考","section_title":"宋","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","chapter_title":"大理寺部匯考","section_title":"梁","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","chapter_title":"大理寺部匯考","section_title":"陳","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","chapter_title":"大理寺部匯考","section_title":"北魏","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","chapter_title":"大理寺部匯考","section_title":"北齊","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","chapter_title":"大理寺部匯考","section_title":"隋","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","chapter_title":"大理寺部匯考","section_title":"唐","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 大理寺部匯考\n## 上古\n黃帝有熊氏命后土為李\n按史記五帝本紀不載　按外紀黃帝得六相而天\n地治神明至后土辨乎北方故為李\n注\n釋義曰李古官即大理之職也管子曰黃帝得\n后土辨於四方使為李春秋元命包曰堯得皋陶\n聘為大理舜時為士師韓詩外傳有晉文公使李\n離為大理劉向新序楚平王以伍奢為大理大理\n之名自古有矣秦為廷尉漢初因之至景帝中元\n中更名大理蓋復古號也\n陶唐氏\n帝堯命皋陶作士\n按書經舜典帝曰皋陶蠻夷猾夏寇賊奸宄汝作士\n五刑有服五服三就五流有宅五宅三居惟明克允\n疏\n士即周禮司寇之屬有士師鄉士等皆以士為\n官名鄭元曰士察也主察獄訟之事\n## 漢\n漢承秦制設廷尉以掌刑辟後更名大理有正有監\n有平皆統之\n按漢書百官公卿表廷尉秦官掌刑辟有正左右監\n秩皆千石景帝中六年更名大理武帝建元四年復\n為廷尉宣帝地節三年初置左右平秩皆六百石哀\n帝元壽二年復為大理王莽改曰作士\n注\n師古曰廷平也治獄貴平故以為號\n按刑法志宣帝即位廷史路溫舒上疏言秦有十失\n其一尚存治獄之吏是也上深愍焉乃下詔曰間者\n吏用法巧文寖深是朕之不德也夫決獄不當使有\n罪興邪不辜蒙戮父子悲恨朕甚傷之今遣廷史與\n郡鞫獄任輕祿薄其為置廷平秩六百石員四人其\n務平之以稱朕意於是選於定國為廷尉求明察寬\n恕黃霸等以為廷平季秋後請讞時上常幸宣室齋\n居而決事獄刑號為平矣\n## 後漢\n後漢設廷尉卿掌平決詔獄\n按後漢書百官志廷尉卿一人中二千石本注曰掌\n平獄奏當所應凡郡國讞疑罪皆處當以報\n注\n應劭曰兵獄同制故稱廷尉胡廣曰讞質也漢\n官曰員吏百四十人其十一人四科十六人二百\n石廷吏文學十六人百石十三人獄史二十七人\n佐二十六人騎吏三十人假佐一人官醫\n正左監各一人\n注\n前漢有左右監平世祖省右而猶曰左\n左平一人六百石本注曰掌平決詔獄\n右屬廷尉本注曰孝武帝以下置中都官獄二十六\n所各令長名世祖中興皆省唯廷尉及雒陽有詔獄\n注\n蔡質漢儀曰正月旦百官朝賀光祿勳劉嘉廷\n尉趙世各辭不能朝高賜舉奏皆以被病篤困空\n文武之位闕上卿之贊既無忠信斷金之用而有\n敗禮傷化之尤不謹不敬請廷尉治嘉罪河南尹\n治世罪議以世掌廷尉故轉屬他官\n## 晉\n晉設廷尉以主刑獄正監評律博士屬之\n按晉書職官志太常光祿勳衛尉太僕廷尉大鴻臚\n宗正大司農少府將作大匠太后三卿大長秋皆為\n列卿各置丞功曹主簿五官等員廷尉主刑法獄訟\n屬官有正監評並有律博士員\n## 宋\n宋仍漢晉設廷尉丞正監評博士各一人\n按宋書百官志廷尉一人丞一人掌刑辟凡獄必質\n之朝廷與眾共之之義兵獄同制故曰廷尉舜攝帝\n位咎繇作士即其任也周時大司寇為秋官掌邦刑\n秦為廷尉漢景帝中六年更名大理武帝建元四年\n復為廷尉哀帝元壽元年復為大理漢東京初復為\n廷尉\n廷尉正一人\n廷尉監一人正監並秦官本有左右監漢光武省右\n猶雲左監魏晉以來直雲監\n廷尉評一人漢宣帝地節三年初置左右評漢光武\n省右猶雲左評魏晉以來直雲評正監評並以下官\n禮敬廷尉卿正監秩千石評六百石廷尉律博士一\n人魏武初建魏國置\n南齊\n南齊置廷尉如宋制\n按南齊書百官志廷尉府置丞一人正一人監一人\n評一人律博士一人\n## 梁\n梁初設大理後改為廷尉卿為秋卿統正監平增置\n律博士\n按隋書百官志廷尉卿梁國初建曰大理天監元年\n復改為廷尉有正監平三人元會廷尉三官與建康\n三官皆法冠元衣朝服以監東西中華門手執方木\n長三尺方一寸謂之執方四年置胄子律博士位視\n員外郎　梁初猶依宋齊皆無卿名天監七年以衛\n尉為衛尉卿廷尉為廷尉卿將作大匠為大匠卿三\n卿是為秋卿皆置丞及功曹主簿\n## 陳\n陳承梁置廷尉卿監正平之屬\n按隋書百官志陳承梁皆循其制官其所製品秩廷\n尉卿秩中二千石品第三廷尉正監平六百石品第\n七廷尉丞胄子律博士六百石品第八　按刑法志\n陳廷尉寺為北獄建康縣為南獄並置正監平\n## 北魏\n孝文帝太和　　年以詔議官制定廷尉卿以下階\n品\n按魏書高祖本紀不載　按官氏志自太祖至高祖\n初其內外百官屢有減置或事出當時不為常目舊\n令亡失無所依據太和中高祖詔群寮議定百官著\n於令六卿太僕廷尉大鴻臚宗正大司農少府第二\n品上少卿第三品上廷尉正監評第五品中廷尉丞\n從第五品中律博士第六品中\n太和二十三年複次廷尉卿以下階品\n按魏書高祖本紀不載　按官氏志二十三年高祖\n複次職令及帝崩世宗初班行之以為永制六卿太\n僕廷尉大鴻臚宗正大司農太府第三品少卿第四\n品上階廷尉正監評第六品廷尉丞第七品律博士\n第九品上階\n孝莊帝永安二年詔復置司直十人視五品隸廷尉\n覆治御史檢劾事\n按魏書敬宗本紀不載　按官氏志云云\n## 北齊\n北齊設大理寺置卿一人少卿丞佐之統正監評博\n士之屬\n按隋書百官志後齊制官多循後魏大理寺卿少卿\n丞各一人有功曹五官主簿錄事等員掌決正刑獄\n正監評各一人律博士四人明掾二十四人檻車\n督二人掾十人獄丞掾各二人司直明法各十人\n## 隋\n隋仍置大理寺以掌刑獄\n按隋書百官志高祖既受命改周之六官其所制名\n多依前代之法置大理寺大理寺置卿少卿各一人\n丞二人主簿錄事各二人大理寺不統署又有正監\n評各一人司直十人律博士八人明法二十人獄掾\n八人　大理卿為正三品大理少卿為正四品大理\n司直為從五品大理正監評為正六品大理寺丞為\n正七品大理寺律博士為正九品上階　按刑法志\n帝每季親錄囚徒常以秋分之前省閱諸州申奏罪\n狀開皇三年因覽刑部奏斷獄數猶至萬條以為律\n尚嚴密故人多陷罪又敕蘇威牛弘等更定新律除\n死罪八十一條流罪一百五十四條徒杖等千餘條\n定留唯五百條凡十二卷一曰名例二曰衛禁三曰\n職制四曰戶婚五曰□庫六曰擅興七曰賊盜八曰\n鬥訟九曰詐偽十曰雜律十一曰捕亡十二曰斷獄\n自是刑網簡要疏而不失於是置律博士弟子員斷\n決大獄皆先牒明法定其罪名然後依斷\n文帝開皇三年罷大理寺監評及律博士員加置正\n為四人\n按隋書高祖本紀不載　按百官志云云\n開皇十二年秋八月令大理覆治天下死罪\n按隋書高祖本紀開皇十二年秋八月甲戌制天下\n死罪諸州不得便決皆令大理覆冶\n煬帝大業三年大理寺置二少卿改丞為勾檢官增\n置正員及司直評事\n按隋書煬帝本紀不載　按百官志煬帝即位多所\n改革三年定令光祿已下八寺卿皆降為從三品少\n卿各加置二人為從四品大理寺丞改為勾檢官增\n正員為六人分判獄事置司直十六人降為從六品\n後加至二十人又置評事四十八人掌頗同司直正\n九品\n大業五年增大理丞為從五品\n按隋書煬帝本紀不載　按百官志五年光祿已下\n八寺丞並增為從五品\n## 唐\n唐置大理寺卿掌折獄詳刑正丞主簿司直佐之\n按唐書百官志大理寺卿一人從三品少卿二人從\n五品下掌折獄詳刑凡罪抵流死皆上刑部覆於中\n書門下系者五日","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}