{"resource_id":5915,"title":"古今图书集成158","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"縣佐部匯考","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"周","paragraphs":["周制縣正以下設鄙師掌其鄙之政令祭祀酇長掌","其酇之政令里宰掌比其邑之眾寡治其政令鄰長","掌相糾相受皆統於地官","按周禮地官鄙師每鄙上士一人","訂","義","鄭鍔曰教法行於六鄉而六遂無書考德行道","藝之事三歲興甿何耶鄙師猶鄉之黨正名謂之","師非有教法何以為師乎","各掌其鄙之政令祭祀","訂","義","鄭鍔曰鄙師掌其祭祀則祭祀之時亦如黨正","教其禮事明矣","凡作民則掌其戒令","訂","義","鄭康成曰作民謂起役　易氏曰戒令所以肅","眾志軍法以百家應調發之數故酇長以旗鼓兵","革帥其民而至至五百家為一小陣然後鄙師為","之掌其戒令","以時數其眾庶而察其媺惡而誅賞","訂","義","鄭康成曰時四時也　黃氐曰數眾庶稽其在","不也媺惡其人之善良奇□也自遂師至鄙師皆","行誅賞與鄉不同鄉之誅賞必告於上","歲終則會其鄙之政而致事","訂","義","李嘉會曰鄙管五酇職眾事夥宜於此會其政","而致事於縣正","酇長每酇中士一人各掌其酇之政令以時校登其","夫家比其眾寡","訂","義","王昭禹曰族師以時校登其夫家則鄉師統其","事酇長以時校登其夫家則遂師統其事","以治其喪紀祭祀之事","訂","義","賈氏曰喪紀民之喪紀若鄉師所云族共喪器","之類祭祀謂若族祭酺之類","若作其民而用之則以旗鼓兵革帥而至","訂","義","易氏曰先王寓兵於民而其器亦出於民無事","則藏之器無不完有事則出之器無不利蓋至於","百家而後兵器始備若作民而師田行役則族師","以旗鼓兵器帥而至酇長亦以旗鼓兵革帥而至","蓋以是帥之以是用之所謂不教而殃民者無有","矣","若歲時簡器與有司數之","訂","義","鄭康成曰簡器簡稼器也兵器亦存焉有司遂","大夫","凡歲時之戒令皆聽之","訂","義","鄭鍔曰有戒令躬往聽之歸而告戒一酇為之","長者職當然也","趨其耕耨稽其女功","訂","義","賈氏曰酇長彌親民故趨其耕耨並稽考女功","之事","里宰每裡下士一人","訂","義","鄭鍔曰六鄉之長謂之宰至治一里者猶鄉也","閭胥亦以宰為名何耶宰取其能裁製耳一里之","眾苟無宰制之能何以治之職之卑者於尊無嫌","所以同夫宰之稱","掌比其邑之眾寡與其六畜兵器治其政令","訂","義","鄭康成曰邑猶裡也","以歲時合耦於鋤以治稼穡趨其耕耨行其秩敘","訂","義","鄭鍔曰一里之家相與耦耕宜自配合何待裡","宰餘以為耦耕之法一耜之廣者五寸二耜為耦","廣深一尺故合二耜則須兩人共發之人有老幼","力有強弱為耦者未必通耕則耕者廢里宰歲時","往即鋤室為合其耦使人人適均斯無廢耕之事","鋤之為言助也里宰合耦之所教為治所之名月","令季冬命農計耦耕事蓋於此室計之所謂歲時","者其季冬歟為合耦以治稼穡乃趨其耕耨使無","失時然有以趨之無以勸之無益也行其秩敘所","以勸之歟","以待有司之政令而征斂其財賦","訂","義","賈氏曰此言待有司征斂者謂縣師旅師","鄰長五家則一人掌相糾相受","訂","義","賈氏曰使五家各相糾察宅舍有故又相容受","也","凡邑中之政相贊","訂","義","劉執中曰邑中之政謂里宰也","徙於他邑則從而授之","訂","義","鄭康成曰從猶隨也授猶付也","顯王十九年春徙都咸陽始置縣縣有丞","按史記周本紀不載　按商君傳鞅定變法之令為","築冀闕宮庭於咸陽秦自雍徙都之而令民父子兄","弟同室內息者為禁而集小都鄉邑聚為縣置令丞","凡三十一縣"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"漢","paragraphs":["漢承秦制縣置斗食佐史佐之亭有長鄉有三老嗇","夫遊僥之屬","按漢書百官表縣令長皆秦官掌治其縣萬戶以上","為令減萬戶為長皆有丞尉秩四百石至二百石是","為長吏百石以下有斗食佐史之秩是為少吏大率","十里一亭亭有長十亭一鄉鄉有三老有秩嗇夫遊","僥三老掌教化嗇夫職聽訟收賦稅遊僥僥循禁賊","盜","注","漢官名秩簿雲斗食月俸十一斛佐史月俸八","斛也一說斗食者歲俸不滿百石計日而食一斗","二升故云斗食也"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","title":"後漢","paragraphs":["後漢縣皆置丞佐之又鄉有三老遊僥嗇夫亭有亭","長裡有裡魁之屬","按後漢書百官志凡縣丞各一人本注曰丞署文書","典知倉獄","各署諸曹掾史本注曰諸曹略如郡員五官為廷掾","監鄉五部春夏為勸農掾秋冬為制度掾","鄉置有秩三老遊僥本注曰有秩郡所署秩百石掌","一鄉人其鄉小者縣置嗇夫一人皆主知民善惡為","役先後知民貧富為賦多少平其差品三老掌教化","凡有孝子順孫貞女義婦讓財救患及學士為民法","式者皆扁表其門以興善行遊僥掌僥循禁司奸盜","又有鄉佐屬鄉主民收賦稅","亭有亭長以禁盜賊本注曰亭長主求捕盜賊承望","都尉","裡有裡魁民有什伍善惡以告本注曰裡魁掌一里","百傢什主十家伍主五家以相檢察民有善事惡事","以告監官","其郡有鹽官鐵官工官都水官者隨事廣狹置令長","及丞秩次皆如縣道無分土給均本吏本注曰凡郡","縣出鹽多者置鹽官主鹽稅出鐵多者置鐵官主鼓","鑄有工多者置工官主工稅物有水池及魚利多者","置水官主平水收漁稅在所諸縣均差吏更給之置","吏隨事不具縣員","注","應劭漢官曰大縣丞左右尉所謂命卿三人小","縣一尉一丞命卿二人雒陽丞三人四百石員吏","七百九十六人十三人四百石鄉有秩獄史五十","六人佐史鄉佐七十七人斗食令史嗇夫假五十","人官掾史幹小史二百五十人書佐九十人循行","二百六十人鄉戶五千則置有秩　風俗通曰秩","則田間大夫言其官裁有秩耳嗇者省也夫賦也","言訊息百姓均其役賦國家制度大率十里一鄉","漢官儀曰民生二十三為正一歲以為衛士一","歲為材官騎士習射御騎馳戰陣八月太守都尉","令長相丞尉會都試課殿最水家為樓船亦習戰","射行船過郡太守各將萬騎行障塞烽火追滷置","長史一人丞一人治兵民當兵行長領置部尉十","人司馬候農都尉皆不治民不給衛士材官樓船","年五十六老衰乃得免為民就田應合選為亭長","亭長課僥巡尉遊僥亭長皆習裝置五兵五兵弓","弩戟楯刀劍甲鎧鼓吏赤幘行縢帶劍佩刀持楯","被甲設矛戟習射設十里一亭亭長亭候五里一","郵郵間相去二里半司奸盜亭長持二尺板以劾","賊索繩以收執賊風俗通曰漢家因秦大率十里","一亭亭留也蓋行旅宿會之所館亭吏舊名負弩","改為長或謂亭父周禮五家為鄰四鄰為裡裡者","止也裡有司司五十家共居止同事舊欣通其所","也　胡廣曰鹽官掊坑而得鹽或有鑿井煮海水","而以得之者鑄銅為器械當鑄冶之時扇熾其火","謂之鼓鑄"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","title":"晉","paragraphs":["晉制縣置令長有主簿錄事記室功曹以佐之又鄉","置嗇夫治書史百戶置裡吏千戶置校官掾並方略","吏之屬","按晉書職官志縣大者置令小者置長有主簿錄事","史主記室史門下書佐幹遊僥議生循行功曹史小","史廷掾功曹史小史書佐幹戶曹掾史幹法曹門幹","金倉賊曹掾史兵曹史吏曹史獄小史獄門亭長都","亭長賊捕掾等員戶不滿三百以下職吏十八人散","吏四人三百以上職吏二十八人散吏六人五百以","上職吏四十人散吏八人千以上職吏五十三人散","吏十二人千五百以上職吏六十八人散吏一十八","人三千以上職吏八十八人散吏二十六人","縣農月隨所領戶多少為差散吏為勸農又縣五百","以上皆置鄉三千以上置二鄉五千以上置三鄉萬","以上置四鄉鄉置嗇夫一人鄉戶不滿千以下置治","書"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"縣佐部匯考","section_title":"周","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"縣佐部匯考","section_title":"漢","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","chapter_title":"縣佐部匯考","section_title":"後漢","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","chapter_title":"縣佐部匯考","section_title":"晉","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 縣佐部匯考\n## 周\n周制縣正以下設鄙師掌其鄙之政令祭祀酇長掌\n其酇之政令里宰掌比其邑之眾寡治其政令鄰長\n掌相糾相受皆統於地官\n按周禮地官鄙師每鄙上士一人\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰教法行於六鄉而六遂無書考德行道\n藝之事三歲興甿何耶鄙師猶鄉之黨正名謂之\n師非有教法何以為師乎\n各掌其鄙之政令祭祀\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰鄙師掌其祭祀則祭祀之時亦如黨正\n教其禮事明矣\n凡作民則掌其戒令\n訂\n義\n鄭康成曰作民謂起役　易氏曰戒令所以肅\n眾志軍法以百家應調發之數故酇長以旗鼓兵\n革帥其民而至至五百家為一小陣然後鄙師為\n之掌其戒令\n以時數其眾庶而察其媺惡而誅賞\n訂\n義\n鄭康成曰時四時也　黃氐曰數眾庶稽其在\n不也媺惡其人之善良奇□也自遂師至鄙師皆\n行誅賞與鄉不同鄉之誅賞必告於上\n歲終則會其鄙之政而致事\n訂\n義\n李嘉會曰鄙管五酇職眾事夥宜於此會其政\n而致事於縣正\n酇長每酇中士一人各掌其酇之政令以時校登其\n夫家比其眾寡\n訂\n義\n王昭禹曰族師以時校登其夫家則鄉師統其\n事酇長以時校登其夫家則遂師統其事\n以治其喪紀祭祀之事\n訂\n義\n賈氏曰喪紀民之喪紀若鄉師所云族共喪器\n之類祭祀謂若族祭酺之類\n若作其民而用之則以旗鼓兵革帥而至\n訂\n義\n易氏曰先王寓兵於民而其器亦出於民無事\n則藏之器無不完有事則出之器無不利蓋至於\n百家而後兵器始備若作民而師田行役則族師\n以旗鼓兵器帥而至酇長亦以旗鼓兵革帥而至\n蓋以是帥之以是用之所謂不教而殃民者無有\n矣\n若歲時簡器與有司數之\n訂\n義\n鄭康成曰簡器簡稼器也兵器亦存焉有司遂\n大夫\n凡歲時之戒令皆聽之\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰有戒令躬往聽之歸而告戒一酇為之\n長者職當然也\n趨其耕耨稽其女功\n訂\n義\n賈氏曰酇長彌親民故趨其耕耨並稽考女功\n之事\n里宰每裡下士一人\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰六鄉之長謂之宰至治一里者猶鄉也\n閭胥亦以宰為名何耶宰取其能裁製耳一里之\n眾苟無宰制之能何以治之職之卑者於尊無嫌\n所以同夫宰之稱\n掌比其邑之眾寡與其六畜兵器治其政令\n訂\n義\n鄭康成曰邑猶裡也\n以歲時合耦於鋤以治稼穡趨其耕耨行其秩敘\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰一里之家相與耦耕宜自配合何待裡\n宰餘以為耦耕之法一耜之廣者五寸二耜為耦\n廣深一尺故合二耜則須兩人共發之人有老幼\n力有強弱為耦者未必通耕則耕者廢里宰歲時\n往即鋤室為合其耦使人人適均斯無廢耕之事\n鋤之為言助也里宰合耦之所教為治所之名月\n令季冬命農計耦耕事蓋於此室計之所謂歲時\n者其季冬歟為合耦以治稼穡乃趨其耕耨使無\n失時然有以趨之無以勸之無益也行其秩敘所\n以勸之歟\n以待有司之政令而征斂其財賦\n訂\n義\n賈氏曰此言待有司征斂者謂縣師旅師\n鄰長五家則一人掌相糾相受\n訂\n義\n賈氏曰使五家各相糾察宅舍有故又相容受\n也\n凡邑中之政相贊\n訂\n義\n劉執中曰邑中之政謂里宰也\n徙於他邑則從而授之\n訂\n義\n鄭康成曰從猶隨也授猶付也\n顯王十九年春徙都咸陽始置縣縣有丞\n按史記周本紀不載　按商君傳鞅定變法之令為\n築冀闕宮庭於咸陽秦自雍徙都之而令民父子兄\n弟同室內息者為禁而集小都鄉邑聚為縣置令丞\n凡三十一縣\n## 漢\n漢承秦制縣置斗食佐史佐之亭有長鄉有三老嗇\n夫遊僥之屬\n按漢書百官表縣令長皆秦官掌治其縣萬戶以上\n為令減萬戶為長皆有丞尉秩四百石至二百石是\n為長吏百石以下有斗食佐史之秩是為少吏大率\n十里一亭亭有長十亭一鄉鄉有三老有秩嗇夫遊\n僥三老掌教化嗇夫職聽訟收賦稅遊僥僥循禁賊\n盜\n注\n漢官名秩簿雲斗食月俸十一斛佐史月俸八\n斛也一說斗食者歲俸不滿百石計日而食一斗\n二升故云斗食也\n## 後漢\n後漢縣皆置丞佐之又鄉有三老遊僥嗇夫亭有亭\n長裡有裡魁之屬\n按後漢書百官志凡縣丞各一人本注曰丞署文書\n典知倉獄\n各署諸曹掾史本注曰諸曹略如郡員五官為廷掾\n監鄉五部春夏為勸農掾秋冬為制度掾\n鄉置有秩三老遊僥本注曰有秩郡所署秩百石掌\n一鄉人其鄉小者縣置嗇夫一人皆主知民善惡為\n役先後知民貧富為賦多少平其差品三老掌教化\n凡有孝子順孫貞女義婦讓財救患及學士為民法\n式者皆扁表其門以興善行遊僥掌僥循禁司奸盜\n又有鄉佐屬鄉主民收賦稅\n亭有亭長以禁盜賊本注曰亭長主求捕盜賊承望\n都尉\n裡有裡魁民有什伍善惡以告本注曰裡魁掌一里\n百傢什主十家伍主五家以相檢察民有善事惡事\n以告監官\n其郡有鹽官鐵官工官都水官者隨事廣狹置令長\n及丞秩次皆如縣道無分土給均本吏本注曰凡郡\n縣出鹽多者置鹽官主鹽稅出鐵多者置鐵官主鼓\n鑄有工多者置工官主工稅物有水池及魚利多者\n置水官主平水收漁稅在所諸縣均差吏更給之置\n吏隨事不具縣員\n注\n應劭漢官曰大縣丞左右尉所謂命卿三人小\n縣一尉一丞命卿二人雒陽丞三人四百石員吏\n七百九十六人十三人四百石鄉有秩獄史五十\n六人佐史鄉佐七十七人斗食令史嗇夫假五十\n人官掾史幹小史二百五十人書佐九十人循行\n二百六十人鄉戶五千則置有秩　風俗通曰秩\n則田間大夫言其官裁有秩耳嗇者省也夫賦也\n言訊息百姓均其役賦國家制度大率十里一鄉\n漢官儀曰民生二十三為正一歲以為衛士一\n歲為材官騎士習射御騎馳戰陣八月太守都尉\n令長相丞尉會都試課殿最水家為樓船亦習戰\n射行船過郡太守各將萬騎行障塞烽火追滷置\n長史一人丞一人治兵民當兵行長領置部尉十\n人司馬候農都尉皆不治民不給衛士材官樓船\n年五十六老衰乃得免為民就田應合選為亭長\n亭長課僥巡尉遊僥亭長皆習裝置五兵五兵弓\n弩戟楯刀劍甲鎧鼓吏赤幘行縢帶劍佩刀持楯\n被甲設矛戟習射設十里一亭亭長亭候五里一\n郵郵間相去二里半司奸盜亭長持二尺板以劾\n賊索繩以收執賊風俗通曰漢家因秦大率十里\n一亭亭留也蓋行旅宿會之所館亭吏舊名負弩\n改為長或謂亭父周禮五家為鄰四鄰為裡裡者\n止也裡有司司五十家共居止同事舊欣通其所\n也　胡廣曰鹽官掊坑而得鹽或有鑿井煮海水\n而以得之者鑄銅為器械當鑄冶之時扇熾其火\n謂之鼓鑄\n## 晉\n晉制縣置令長有主簿錄事記室功曹以佐之又鄉\n置嗇夫治書史百戶置裡吏千戶置校官掾並方略\n吏之屬\n按晉書職官志縣大者置令小者置長有主簿錄事\n史主記室史門下書佐幹遊僥議生循行功曹史小\n史廷掾功曹史小史書佐幹戶曹掾史幹法曹門幹\n金倉賊曹掾史兵曹史吏曹史獄小史獄門亭長都\n亭長賊捕掾等員戶不滿三百以下職吏十八人散\n吏四人三百以上職吏二十八人散吏六人五百以\n上職吏四十人散吏八人千以上職吏五十三人散\n吏十二人千五百以上職吏六十八人散吏一十八\n人三千以上職吏八十八人散吏二十六人\n縣農月隨所領戶多少為差散吏為勸農又縣五百\n以上皆置鄉三千以上置二鄉五千以上置三鄉萬\n以上置四鄉鄉置嗇夫一人鄉戶不滿千以下置治\n書","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}