{"resource_id":5914,"title":"古今图书集成157","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"古今圖書整合157","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["縣令部匯考","周","周制國有長及遂有五縣縣設縣正掌其縣之政令","按周禮天官大宰之職以九兩系邦國之民二曰長","以貴得民","訂","義","鄭康成曰長諸侯也一邦之貴民所仰也　愚","按王制雲五國以為屬屬有長八州三百六十長","自唐虞以來諸侯亦有以長名者鄭氏之說亦未","可非也","地官遂人中大夫二人掌邦之野","訂","義","鄭康成曰郊外曰野謂甸稍縣都　黃氏曰遂","人因六遂而為名六遂在甸則所掌者甸地而已","而曰掌邦之野蓋合稍縣都鄙法之當行者通掌","之稍縣都鄙居民廛裡授田溝洫治地皆野法與","甸同其法悉自遂人出稍為邑縣鄙為都則各聽","於其主非遂人之所屬也遂人中大夫秩比小司","徒縣二千五百家鄙五百家隨民眾寡而為之甸","稍縣鄙居民皆如此惟甸則合縣為遂","以土地之圖經田野造縣鄙形體之五家為鄰五","鄰為裡四里為酇五酇為鄙五鄙為縣五縣為遂","訂","義","王昭禹曰土地之圖大司徒所建之國以土地","之圖經田野則以所建之國為井牧溝塗田萊之","類而經之也　鄭康成曰經形體皆謂制分界也","易氏曰小不曰鄰言鄙之成則鄰之成可知大","不曰遂言縣之成則遂之成在其中言縣鄙則舉","中以見上下　項氏曰比則親之至鄰則始相鄰","近閭則同門裡則同居族則相葬酇則相贊助而","已鄙之名卑於黨縣之名小於州凡遂之制皆放","於鄉　王氏曰比相保則鄰亦相保閭相受則裡","亦相受族相葬則酇亦相葬矣黨相救則鄙亦相","救矣州相賙則縣亦相賙矣鄉相賓則遂亦相賓","矣","皆有地域溝樹之使各掌其政令刑禁","訂","義","鄭鍔曰皆有地域以為之辨溝之以水樹之以","木有限域之周圍有溝樹之阻固建官設吏以治","之使各掌其所治之政令刑禁民可得而治矣","以歲時稽其人民而授之田野簡其兵器教之稼穡","訂","義","賈氏曰授之田野若下夫一廛百畝簡其兵器","若族師旗鼓兵革","縣正每縣下大夫一人","訂","義","王氏曰遂官各降鄉一等其官各亦降焉故州","謂之長縣與黨同謂之正鄙與族同謂之師","各掌其縣之政令徵比","訂","義","黃氏曰徵征斂也謂之政令徵比比而徵之小","司徒井邑丘甸令貢賦稅斂之事是也","以頒田裡以分職事掌其治訟趨其稼事而賞罰之","訂","義","項氏曰頒田裡謂一廛百畝之類　賈氏曰分","職事者即九職之功事也　鄭鍔曰民事不可緩","稼事伊始則趨之使趨時","若將用野民師田行役移執事則帥而至治其政令","訂","義","王氏曰移執事若遂師所謂巡其稼穡而移用","其民以救其時事也","既役則稽功會事而誅賞","訂","義","劉執中曰稽考其功程會其群吏所集之事職","否而正其誅賞","顯王十九年秦徙都咸陽始集鄉邑為三十一縣縣","置令丞","按史記周本紀不載　按商君列傳鞅定變法之令","為築冀闕宮庭於咸陽秦自雍徙都之而令民父子","兄弟同室內息者為禁而集小都鄉邑聚為縣置令","丞凡三十一縣為田開阡陌封疆而賦稅平平鬥桶","權衡丈尺","漢","漢承秦制大縣置令小縣置長斗食佐史佐之亭有","長鄉有三老嗇夫遊僥之屬","按漢書百官表縣令長皆秦官掌治其縣萬戶以上","為令秩千石至六百石減萬戶為長秩五百石至三","百石皆有丞尉秩四百石至二百石是為長吏百石","以下有斗食佐史之秩是為少吏大率十里一亭亭","有長十亭一鄉鄉有三老有秩嗇夫遊僥三老掌教","化嗇夫職聽訟收賦稅遊僥僥循禁賊盜縣大率方","百里其民稠則減稀則曠鄉亭亦如之皆秦制也列","侯所食縣曰國皇太后皇后公主所食曰邑有蠻夷","曰道凡縣道國邑千五百八十七鄉六千六百二十","二亭二萬九千六百三十五","注","師古曰吏理也主理其縣內也漢官名秩簿雲","斗食月俸十一斛佐史月俸八斛也一說斗食者","歲俸不滿百石計日而食一斗二升故云斗食也","後漢","後漢仍承秦制大縣置令小縣置長皆有丞尉佐之","鄉有三老遊僥嗇夫亭有亭長裡有裡魁邊縣有障","塞尉之屬","按後漢書百官志每縣邑道大者置令一人千石其","次置長四百石小者置長三百石侯國之相秩次亦","如之本注曰皆掌治民顯善勸義禁奸罰惡理訟平","賊恤民時務秋冬集課上計於所屬郡國","凡縣主蠻夷曰道公主所食湯沐曰國縣萬戶以上","為令不滿為長侯國為相皆秦制也","丞各一人尉大縣二人小縣一人本注曰丞署文書","典知倉獄尉主盜賊凡有賊發主名不立則推索行","尋案察奸宄以起端緒","各署諸曹掾史本注曰諸曹略如郡員五官為廷掾","監鄉五部春夏為勸農掾秋冬為制度掾","鄉置有秩三老遊僥本注曰有秩郡所署秩百石掌","一鄉人其鄉小者縣置嗇夫一人皆主知民善惡為","役先後知民貧富為賦多少平其差品三老掌教化","凡有孝子順孫貞女義婦讓財救患及學士為民法","式者皆扁表其門以興善行遊僥掌僥循禁司奸盜","又有鄉佐屬鄉主民收賦稅","亭有亭長以禁盜賊本注曰亭長主求捕盜賊丞望","都尉","裡有裡魁民有什伍善惡以告本注曰裡魁掌一里","百傢什主十家伍主五家以相檢察民有善事惡事","以告監官","邊縣有障塞尉本注曰掌禁備羌夷犯塞其郡有鹽","官鐵官工官都水官者隨事廣狹置令長及丞秩次","皆如縣道無分士給均本吏本注曰凡郡縣出鹽多","者置鹽官主鹽稅出鐵多者置鐵官主鼓鑄有工多","者置工官主工稅物有水池及魚利多者置水官主","平水收漁稅在所諸縣均差吏更給之置吏隨事不","具縣員","注","應劭漢官曰前書百官表雲萬戶以上為令萬","戶以下為長三邊始孝武皇帝所開縣戶數百而","或為令荊陽江南七郡唯有臨湘南昌吳三令爾","及南陽穰中土沃民稠四五萬戶而為長桓帝時","以江南陽安為女公主邑改號為令主薨復其故","若此為系其本俗說令長以水土為之及秩高下","皆無明文班固通儒述一代之書斯近其真　胡","廣曰秋冬歲盡各計縣戶口墾田錢穀入出盜賊","多少上其集簿丞尉以下歲詣郡課校其功功多","尤為最者於廷尉勞勉之以勸其後負多尤為殿","者於後曹別責以糾怠慢也諸對辭窮尤困收主","者掾史關白太守使取法丞尉縛責以明下轉相","督敕為民除害也明帝詔書不得僇辱黃綬以別","小人吏也　史記秦並天下夷郡縣銷兵刃示不","複用　應劭漢官曰大縣丞左右尉所謂命卿三","人小縣一尉一丞命卿二人雒陽令秩千石丞三","人四百石孝廉左尉四百石孝廉右尉四百石員","吏七百九十六人十三人四百石鄉有秩獄史五","十六人佐史鄉佐七十七人斗食令史嗇夫假五","十人官掾史幹小史二百五十人書佐九十人循","行二百六十人鄉戶五千則置有秩　風俗通曰","秩則田間大夫言其官裁有秩耳嗇者省也夫賦","也言訊息百姓均其役賦國家制度大率十里一","鄉　漢官儀曰民年二十三為正一歲以為衛士","一歲為材官騎士習射御騎馳戰陣八月太守都","尉令長相丞尉會都試課殿最水家為樓船亦習","戰射行船過郡太守各將萬騎行障塞烽火追滷","置長史一人丞一人治兵民當兵行長領置部尉","千人司馬候農都尉皆不治民不給衛士材官樓","船年五十六老衰乃得免為民就田應合選為亭","長亭長課僥巡尉遊僥亭長皆習裝置五兵五兵","弓弩戟楯刀劍甲鎧鼓吏赤幘行縢帶劍佩刀持"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"古今圖書整合157","section_title":"正文","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 古今圖書整合157\n縣令部匯考\n周\n周制國有長及遂有五縣縣設縣正掌其縣之政令\n按周禮天官大宰之職以九兩系邦國之民二曰長\n以貴得民\n訂\n義\n鄭康成曰長諸侯也一邦之貴民所仰也　愚\n按王制雲五國以為屬屬有長八州三百六十長\n自唐虞以來諸侯亦有以長名者鄭氏之說亦未\n可非也\n地官遂人中大夫二人掌邦之野\n訂\n義\n鄭康成曰郊外曰野謂甸稍縣都　黃氏曰遂\n人因六遂而為名六遂在甸則所掌者甸地而已\n而曰掌邦之野蓋合稍縣都鄙法之當行者通掌\n之稍縣都鄙居民廛裡授田溝洫治地皆野法與\n甸同其法悉自遂人出稍為邑縣鄙為都則各聽\n於其主非遂人之所屬也遂人中大夫秩比小司\n徒縣二千五百家鄙五百家隨民眾寡而為之甸\n稍縣鄙居民皆如此惟甸則合縣為遂\n以土地之圖經田野造縣鄙形體之五家為鄰五\n鄰為裡四里為酇五酇為鄙五鄙為縣五縣為遂\n訂\n義\n王昭禹曰土地之圖大司徒所建之國以土地\n之圖經田野則以所建之國為井牧溝塗田萊之\n類而經之也　鄭康成曰經形體皆謂制分界也\n易氏曰小不曰鄰言鄙之成則鄰之成可知大\n不曰遂言縣之成則遂之成在其中言縣鄙則舉\n中以見上下　項氏曰比則親之至鄰則始相鄰\n近閭則同門裡則同居族則相葬酇則相贊助而\n已鄙之名卑於黨縣之名小於州凡遂之制皆放\n於鄉　王氏曰比相保則鄰亦相保閭相受則裡\n亦相受族相葬則酇亦相葬矣黨相救則鄙亦相\n救矣州相賙則縣亦相賙矣鄉相賓則遂亦相賓\n矣\n皆有地域溝樹之使各掌其政令刑禁\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰皆有地域以為之辨溝之以水樹之以\n木有限域之周圍有溝樹之阻固建官設吏以治\n之使各掌其所治之政令刑禁民可得而治矣\n以歲時稽其人民而授之田野簡其兵器教之稼穡\n訂\n義\n賈氏曰授之田野若下夫一廛百畝簡其兵器\n若族師旗鼓兵革\n縣正每縣下大夫一人\n訂\n義\n王氏曰遂官各降鄉一等其官各亦降焉故州\n謂之長縣與黨同謂之正鄙與族同謂之師\n各掌其縣之政令徵比\n訂\n義\n黃氏曰徵征斂也謂之政令徵比比而徵之小\n司徒井邑丘甸令貢賦稅斂之事是也\n以頒田裡以分職事掌其治訟趨其稼事而賞罰之\n訂\n義\n項氏曰頒田裡謂一廛百畝之類　賈氏曰分\n職事者即九職之功事也　鄭鍔曰民事不可緩\n稼事伊始則趨之使趨時\n若將用野民師田行役移執事則帥而至治其政令\n訂\n義\n王氏曰移執事若遂師所謂巡其稼穡而移用\n其民以救其時事也\n既役則稽功會事而誅賞\n訂\n義\n劉執中曰稽考其功程會其群吏所集之事職\n否而正其誅賞\n顯王十九年秦徙都咸陽始集鄉邑為三十一縣縣\n置令丞\n按史記周本紀不載　按商君列傳鞅定變法之令\n為築冀闕宮庭於咸陽秦自雍徙都之而令民父子\n兄弟同室內息者為禁而集小都鄉邑聚為縣置令\n丞凡三十一縣為田開阡陌封疆而賦稅平平鬥桶\n權衡丈尺\n漢\n漢承秦制大縣置令小縣置長斗食佐史佐之亭有\n長鄉有三老嗇夫遊僥之屬\n按漢書百官表縣令長皆秦官掌治其縣萬戶以上\n為令秩千石至六百石減萬戶為長秩五百石至三\n百石皆有丞尉秩四百石至二百石是為長吏百石\n以下有斗食佐史之秩是為少吏大率十里一亭亭\n有長十亭一鄉鄉有三老有秩嗇夫遊僥三老掌教\n化嗇夫職聽訟收賦稅遊僥僥循禁賊盜縣大率方\n百里其民稠則減稀則曠鄉亭亦如之皆秦制也列\n侯所食縣曰國皇太后皇后公主所食曰邑有蠻夷\n曰道凡縣道國邑千五百八十七鄉六千六百二十\n二亭二萬九千六百三十五\n注\n師古曰吏理也主理其縣內也漢官名秩簿雲\n斗食月俸十一斛佐史月俸八斛也一說斗食者\n歲俸不滿百石計日而食一斗二升故云斗食也\n後漢\n後漢仍承秦制大縣置令小縣置長皆有丞尉佐之\n鄉有三老遊僥嗇夫亭有亭長裡有裡魁邊縣有障\n塞尉之屬\n按後漢書百官志每縣邑道大者置令一人千石其\n次置長四百石小者置長三百石侯國之相秩次亦\n如之本注曰皆掌治民顯善勸義禁奸罰惡理訟平\n賊恤民時務秋冬集課上計於所屬郡國\n凡縣主蠻夷曰道公主所食湯沐曰國縣萬戶以上\n為令不滿為長侯國為相皆秦制也\n丞各一人尉大縣二人小縣一人本注曰丞署文書\n典知倉獄尉主盜賊凡有賊發主名不立則推索行\n尋案察奸宄以起端緒\n各署諸曹掾史本注曰諸曹略如郡員五官為廷掾\n監鄉五部春夏為勸農掾秋冬為制度掾\n鄉置有秩三老遊僥本注曰有秩郡所署秩百石掌\n一鄉人其鄉小者縣置嗇夫一人皆主知民善惡為\n役先後知民貧富為賦多少平其差品三老掌教化\n凡有孝子順孫貞女義婦讓財救患及學士為民法\n式者皆扁表其門以興善行遊僥掌僥循禁司奸盜\n又有鄉佐屬鄉主民收賦稅\n亭有亭長以禁盜賊本注曰亭長主求捕盜賊丞望\n都尉\n裡有裡魁民有什伍善惡以告本注曰裡魁掌一里\n百傢什主十家伍主五家以相檢察民有善事惡事\n以告監官\n邊縣有障塞尉本注曰掌禁備羌夷犯塞其郡有鹽\n官鐵官工官都水官者隨事廣狹置令長及丞秩次\n皆如縣道無分士給均本吏本注曰凡郡縣出鹽多\n者置鹽官主鹽稅出鐵多者置鐵官主鼓鑄有工多\n者置工官主工稅物有水池及魚利多者置水官主\n平水收漁稅在所諸縣均差吏更給之置吏隨事不\n具縣員\n注\n應劭漢官曰前書百官表雲萬戶以上為令萬\n戶以下為長三邊始孝武皇帝所開縣戶數百而\n或為令荊陽江南七郡唯有臨湘南昌吳三令爾\n及南陽穰中土沃民稠四五萬戶而為長桓帝時\n以江南陽安為女公主邑改號為令主薨復其故\n若此為系其本俗說令長以水土為之及秩高下\n皆無明文班固通儒述一代之書斯近其真　胡\n廣曰秋冬歲盡各計縣戶口墾田錢穀入出盜賊\n多少上其集簿丞尉以下歲詣郡課校其功功多\n尤為最者於廷尉勞勉之以勸其後負多尤為殿\n者於後曹別責以糾怠慢也諸對辭窮尤困收主\n者掾史關白太守使取法丞尉縛責以明下轉相\n督敕為民除害也明帝詔書不得僇辱黃綬以別\n小人吏也　史記秦並天下夷郡縣銷兵刃示不\n複用　應劭漢官曰大縣丞左右尉所謂命卿三\n人小縣一尉一丞命卿二人雒陽令秩千石丞三\n人四百石孝廉左尉四百石孝廉右尉四百石員\n吏七百九十六人十三人四百石鄉有秩獄史五\n十六人佐史鄉佐七十七人斗食令史嗇夫假五\n十人官掾史幹小史二百五十人書佐九十人循\n行二百六十人鄉戶五千則置有秩　風俗通曰\n秩則田間大夫言其官裁有秩耳嗇者省也夫賦\n也言訊息百姓均其役賦國家制度大率十里一\n鄉　漢官儀曰民年二十三為正一歲以為衛士\n一歲為材官騎士習射御騎馳戰陣八月太守都\n尉令長相丞尉會都試課殿最水家為樓船亦習\n戰射行船過郡太守各將萬騎行障塞烽火追滷\n置長史一人丞一人治兵民當兵行長領置部尉\n千人司馬候農都尉皆不治民不給衛士材官樓\n船年五十六老衰乃得免為民就田應合選為亭\n長亭長課僥巡尉遊僥亭長皆習裝置五兵五兵\n弓弩戟楯刀劍甲鎧鼓吏赤幘行縢帶劍佩刀持","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}