{"resource_id":5913,"title":"古今图书集成156","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"古今圖書整合156","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["官常總部匯考一","有虞氏","虞舜諮四嶽命十二牧九官","按書經舜典詢於四嶽闢四門明四目達四聰","蔡","傳","詢謀闢開也舜既告廟即位乃謀治於四嶽之","官開四方之門以來天下之賢俊廣四方之視聽","以決天下之壅蔽","諮十有二牧曰食哉惟時柔遠能邇惇德允元而難","任人蠻夷率服","蔡","傳","牧養民之官十二牧十二州之牧也王政以食","為首農事以時為先舜言足食之道惟在於不違","農時也柔者寬而撫之也能者擾而習之也遠近","之勢如此先其略而後其詳也惇厚允信也德有","德之人也元仁厚之人也難拒絕也任古文作壬","包藏兇惡之人也言當厚有德信仁人而拒奸惡","也凡此五者處之各得其宜則不特中國順治雖","蠻夷之國亦相率而服從矣","舜曰諮四嶽有能奮庸熙帝之載使宅百揆亮採惠","疇僉曰伯禹作司空帝曰俞諮禹汝平水土惟時懋","哉禹拜稽首讓於稷契暨皋陶帝曰俞汝往哉","蔡","傳","奮起熙廣載事亮明惠順疇類也一說亮相也","舜言有能奮起事功以廣帝堯之事者使居百揆","之位以明亮庶事而順成庶類也僉眾也四嶽所","領四方諸侯之在朝者也禹姒姓崇伯鯀之子也","平水土者司空之職時是懋勉也指百揆之事以","勉之也蓋四嶽及諸侯言伯禹見作司空可宅百","揆帝然其舉而諮禹使仍作司空而兼行百揆之","事錄其舊績而勉其新功也以司空兼百揆如周","以六卿兼三公後世以他官平章事知政事亦此","類也稽首首至地稷田正官稷名棄姓姬氏封於","邰契臣名姓子氏封於商稷契皆帝嚳之子暨及","也皋陶亦臣名俞者然其舉也汝往哉者不聽其","讓也此章稱舜曰此下方稱帝曰者以見堯老舜","攝堯在時舜未嘗稱帝此後舜方真即帝位而稱","帝也","帝曰棄民阻飢汝后稷播時百穀","蔡","傳","阻厄後君也有爵土之稱播布也谷非一種故","曰百穀此因禹之讓而申命之使仍舊職以終其","事也","帝曰契百姓不親五品不遜汝作司徒敬敷五教在","寬","蔡","傳","親相親睦也五品父子君臣夫婦長幼朋友五","者之名位等級也遜順也司徒掌教之官敷布也","五教父子有親君臣有義夫婦有別長幼有序朋","友有信以五者當然之理而為教令也敬敬其事","也聖賢之於事雖無所不敬而此又事之大者故","特以敬言之寬裕以待之也蓋五者之理出於人","心之本然非有強而後能者自其拘於氣質之偏","溺於物慾之蔽始有昧於其理而不相親愛不相","遜順者於是因禹之讓又申命契仍為司徒使之","敬以敷教而又寬裕以待之使之優柔浸漬以漸","而入則其天性之真自然呈露不能自已而無無","恥之患矣","帝曰皋陶蠻夷猾夏寇賊奸宄汝作士五刑有服五","服三就五流有宅五宅三居惟明克允","蔡","傳","猾亂夏明而大也曾氏曰中國文明之地故曰","華夏四時之夏疑亦取此義也劫人曰寇殺人曰","賊在外曰奸在內曰宄士理官也服服其罪也呂","刑所謂上服下服是也三就孔氏以為大罪於原","野大夫於朝士於巿不知何據竊恐惟大辟棄之","於巿宮闢則下蠶室餘刑亦就屏處蓋非死刑不","欲使風中其瘡誤而至死聖人之仁也五流五等","象刑之當宥者也五宅三居者流雖有五而宅之","但為三等之居如列爵惟五分土惟三也孔氏以","為大罪居於四裔次則九州之外次則千里之外","雖亦未見所據然大□當略近之此亦因禹之讓","而申命之又戒以必當致其明察乃能使刑當其","罪而人無不信服也","帝曰疇若予工僉曰垂哉帝曰俞諮垂汝共工垂拜","稽首讓於殳斨暨伯與帝曰俞往哉汝諧","蔡","傳","若順其理而治之也曲禮六工有土工金工石","工木工獸工草工周禮有攻木之工攻金之工攻","皮之工設色之工摶埴之工皆是也帝問誰能順","治予百工之事者垂臣名有巧思莊子曰攦工倕","之指即此也殳斨伯與三臣名也殳以積竹為兵","建兵車者斨方銎斧也古者多以其所能為名殳","斨豈能為二器者與往哉汝諧者往哉汝和其職","也","帝曰疇若予上下草木鳥獸僉曰益哉帝曰俞諮益","汝作朕虞益拜稽首讓於朱虎熊羆帝曰俞往哉汝","諧","蔡","傳","上下山林澤藪也虞掌山澤之官周禮分為虞","衡屬於夏官朱虎熊羆四臣名也高辛氏之子有","曰仲虎仲態意以獸為名者亦以其能服是獸而","得名歟史記曰朱虎熊羆為伯益之佐前殳斨伯","與當亦為垂之佐也","帝曰諮四嶽有能典朕三禮僉曰伯夷帝曰俞諮伯","汝作秩宗夙夜惟寅直哉惟清伯拜稽首讓於夔龍","帝曰俞往欽哉","蔡","傳","典主也三禮祀天神享人鬼祭地祇之禮也伯","夷臣名姜姓秩序也宗祖廟也秩宗主敘次百神","之官而專以秩宗名之者蓋以宗廟為主也周禮","亦謂之宗伯而都家皆有宗人之官以掌祭祀之","事亦此意也夙早寅敬畏也直者心無私曲之謂","人能敬以直內不使少有私曲則其心潔清而無","物慾之汙可以交於神明矣夔龍二臣名","帝曰夔命汝典樂教胄子直而溫寬而慄剛而無虐","簡而無傲詩言志歌永言聲依永律和聲八音克諧","無相奪倫神人以和夔曰於予擊石拊石百獸率舞","蔡","傳","冑長也自天子至卿大夫之適子也慄莊敬也","凡人直者必不足於溫故欲其溫寬者必不足於","慄故欲其慄所以慮其偏而輔翼之也剛者必至","於虐故欲其無虐簡者必至於傲故欲其無傲所","以防其過而戒禁之也教冑子者欲其如此而其","所以教之之具則又專在於樂如周禮大司樂掌","成均之法以教國子弟而孔子亦曰興於詩成於","樂蓋所以盪滌邪穢斟酌飽滿動盪血脈流通精","神養其中和之德而救其氣質之偏者也心之所","之謂之志心有所之必形於言故曰詩言志既形","於言則必有長短之節故曰歌永言既有長短則","必有高下清濁之殊故曰聲依永聲者宮商角徵","羽也大抵歌聲長而濁者為宮以漸而清且短則","為商為角為徵為羽所謂聲依永也既有長短清","濁則又必以十二律和之乃能成文而不亂假令","黃鍾為宮則太簇為商姑洗為角林鍾為徵南呂","為羽蓋以三分損益隔八相生而得之餘律皆然","即禮運所謂五聲六律十二管還相為宮所謂律","和聲也人聲既和乃以其聲被之八音而為樂則","無不諧協而不相侵亂失其倫次可以奏之朝廷","薦之郊廟而神人以和矣聖人作樂以養性情育","人材事神祇和上下其體用功效廣大深切乃如","此今皆不復見矣可勝嘆哉夔曰以下蘇氏曰舜","方命九官濟濟相讓無緣夔於此獨言其功此益","稷之文簡編脫誤復見於此","帝曰龍朕堲讒說殄行震驚朕師命汝作納言夙夜","出納朕命惟允","蔡","傳","堲疾殄絕也殄行者謂傷絕善人之事也師眾","也謂其言之不正而能變亂黑白以駭眾聽也納","言官名命令政教必使審之既允而後出則讒說","不得行而矯偽無所託矣敷奏覆逆必使審之既","允而後入則邪僻無自進而功緒有所稽矣周之","內史漢之尚書魏晉以來所謂中書門下者皆此","職也","帝曰諮汝二十有二人欽哉惟時亮天功","蔡","傳","二十二人四嶽九官十二牧也周官言內有百","揆四嶽外有州牧侯伯蓋百揆者所以統庶官而","四嶽者所以統十二牧也既分命之又總告之使","之各敬其職以相天事也曾氏曰舜命九官新命","者六人命伯禹命伯夷諮四嶽而命者也命垂命","益泛諮而命者也命夔命龍因人之讓不諮而"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"古今圖書整合156","section_title":"正文","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 古今圖書整合156\n官常總部匯考一\n有虞氏\n虞舜諮四嶽命十二牧九官\n按書經舜典詢於四嶽闢四門明四目達四聰\n蔡\n傳\n詢謀闢開也舜既告廟即位乃謀治於四嶽之\n官開四方之門以來天下之賢俊廣四方之視聽\n以決天下之壅蔽\n諮十有二牧曰食哉惟時柔遠能邇惇德允元而難\n任人蠻夷率服\n蔡\n傳\n牧養民之官十二牧十二州之牧也王政以食\n為首農事以時為先舜言足食之道惟在於不違\n農時也柔者寬而撫之也能者擾而習之也遠近\n之勢如此先其略而後其詳也惇厚允信也德有\n德之人也元仁厚之人也難拒絕也任古文作壬\n包藏兇惡之人也言當厚有德信仁人而拒奸惡\n也凡此五者處之各得其宜則不特中國順治雖\n蠻夷之國亦相率而服從矣\n舜曰諮四嶽有能奮庸熙帝之載使宅百揆亮採惠\n疇僉曰伯禹作司空帝曰俞諮禹汝平水土惟時懋\n哉禹拜稽首讓於稷契暨皋陶帝曰俞汝往哉\n蔡\n傳\n奮起熙廣載事亮明惠順疇類也一說亮相也\n舜言有能奮起事功以廣帝堯之事者使居百揆\n之位以明亮庶事而順成庶類也僉眾也四嶽所\n領四方諸侯之在朝者也禹姒姓崇伯鯀之子也\n平水土者司空之職時是懋勉也指百揆之事以\n勉之也蓋四嶽及諸侯言伯禹見作司空可宅百\n揆帝然其舉而諮禹使仍作司空而兼行百揆之\n事錄其舊績而勉其新功也以司空兼百揆如周\n以六卿兼三公後世以他官平章事知政事亦此\n類也稽首首至地稷田正官稷名棄姓姬氏封於\n邰契臣名姓子氏封於商稷契皆帝嚳之子暨及\n也皋陶亦臣名俞者然其舉也汝往哉者不聽其\n讓也此章稱舜曰此下方稱帝曰者以見堯老舜\n攝堯在時舜未嘗稱帝此後舜方真即帝位而稱\n帝也\n帝曰棄民阻飢汝后稷播時百穀\n蔡\n傳\n阻厄後君也有爵土之稱播布也谷非一種故\n曰百穀此因禹之讓而申命之使仍舊職以終其\n事也\n帝曰契百姓不親五品不遜汝作司徒敬敷五教在\n寬\n蔡\n傳\n親相親睦也五品父子君臣夫婦長幼朋友五\n者之名位等級也遜順也司徒掌教之官敷布也\n五教父子有親君臣有義夫婦有別長幼有序朋\n友有信以五者當然之理而為教令也敬敬其事\n也聖賢之於事雖無所不敬而此又事之大者故\n特以敬言之寬裕以待之也蓋五者之理出於人\n心之本然非有強而後能者自其拘於氣質之偏\n溺於物慾之蔽始有昧於其理而不相親愛不相\n遜順者於是因禹之讓又申命契仍為司徒使之\n敬以敷教而又寬裕以待之使之優柔浸漬以漸\n而入則其天性之真自然呈露不能自已而無無\n恥之患矣\n帝曰皋陶蠻夷猾夏寇賊奸宄汝作士五刑有服五\n服三就五流有宅五宅三居惟明克允\n蔡\n傳\n猾亂夏明而大也曾氏曰中國文明之地故曰\n華夏四時之夏疑亦取此義也劫人曰寇殺人曰\n賊在外曰奸在內曰宄士理官也服服其罪也呂\n刑所謂上服下服是也三就孔氏以為大罪於原\n野大夫於朝士於巿不知何據竊恐惟大辟棄之\n於巿宮闢則下蠶室餘刑亦就屏處蓋非死刑不\n欲使風中其瘡誤而至死聖人之仁也五流五等\n象刑之當宥者也五宅三居者流雖有五而宅之\n但為三等之居如列爵惟五分土惟三也孔氏以\n為大罪居於四裔次則九州之外次則千里之外\n雖亦未見所據然大□當略近之此亦因禹之讓\n而申命之又戒以必當致其明察乃能使刑當其\n罪而人無不信服也\n帝曰疇若予工僉曰垂哉帝曰俞諮垂汝共工垂拜\n稽首讓於殳斨暨伯與帝曰俞往哉汝諧\n蔡\n傳\n若順其理而治之也曲禮六工有土工金工石\n工木工獸工草工周禮有攻木之工攻金之工攻\n皮之工設色之工摶埴之工皆是也帝問誰能順\n治予百工之事者垂臣名有巧思莊子曰攦工倕\n之指即此也殳斨伯與三臣名也殳以積竹為兵\n建兵車者斨方銎斧也古者多以其所能為名殳\n斨豈能為二器者與往哉汝諧者往哉汝和其職\n也\n帝曰疇若予上下草木鳥獸僉曰益哉帝曰俞諮益\n汝作朕虞益拜稽首讓於朱虎熊羆帝曰俞往哉汝\n諧\n蔡\n傳\n上下山林澤藪也虞掌山澤之官周禮分為虞\n衡屬於夏官朱虎熊羆四臣名也高辛氏之子有\n曰仲虎仲態意以獸為名者亦以其能服是獸而\n得名歟史記曰朱虎熊羆為伯益之佐前殳斨伯\n與當亦為垂之佐也\n帝曰諮四嶽有能典朕三禮僉曰伯夷帝曰俞諮伯\n汝作秩宗夙夜惟寅直哉惟清伯拜稽首讓於夔龍\n帝曰俞往欽哉\n蔡\n傳\n典主也三禮祀天神享人鬼祭地祇之禮也伯\n夷臣名姜姓秩序也宗祖廟也秩宗主敘次百神\n之官而專以秩宗名之者蓋以宗廟為主也周禮\n亦謂之宗伯而都家皆有宗人之官以掌祭祀之\n事亦此意也夙早寅敬畏也直者心無私曲之謂\n人能敬以直內不使少有私曲則其心潔清而無\n物慾之汙可以交於神明矣夔龍二臣名\n帝曰夔命汝典樂教胄子直而溫寬而慄剛而無虐\n簡而無傲詩言志歌永言聲依永律和聲八音克諧\n無相奪倫神人以和夔曰於予擊石拊石百獸率舞\n蔡\n傳\n冑長也自天子至卿大夫之適子也慄莊敬也\n凡人直者必不足於溫故欲其溫寬者必不足於\n慄故欲其慄所以慮其偏而輔翼之也剛者必至\n於虐故欲其無虐簡者必至於傲故欲其無傲所\n以防其過而戒禁之也教冑子者欲其如此而其\n所以教之之具則又專在於樂如周禮大司樂掌\n成均之法以教國子弟而孔子亦曰興於詩成於\n樂蓋所以盪滌邪穢斟酌飽滿動盪血脈流通精\n神養其中和之德而救其氣質之偏者也心之所\n之謂之志心有所之必形於言故曰詩言志既形\n於言則必有長短之節故曰歌永言既有長短則\n必有高下清濁之殊故曰聲依永聲者宮商角徵\n羽也大抵歌聲長而濁者為宮以漸而清且短則\n為商為角為徵為羽所謂聲依永也既有長短清\n濁則又必以十二律和之乃能成文而不亂假令\n黃鍾為宮則太簇為商姑洗為角林鍾為徵南呂\n為羽蓋以三分損益隔八相生而得之餘律皆然\n即禮運所謂五聲六律十二管還相為宮所謂律\n和聲也人聲既和乃以其聲被之八音而為樂則\n無不諧協而不相侵亂失其倫次可以奏之朝廷\n薦之郊廟而神人以和矣聖人作樂以養性情育\n人材事神祇和上下其體用功效廣大深切乃如\n此今皆不復見矣可勝嘆哉夔曰以下蘇氏曰舜\n方命九官濟濟相讓無緣夔於此獨言其功此益\n稷之文簡編脫誤復見於此\n帝曰龍朕堲讒說殄行震驚朕師命汝作納言夙夜\n出納朕命惟允\n蔡\n傳\n堲疾殄絕也殄行者謂傷絕善人之事也師眾\n也謂其言之不正而能變亂黑白以駭眾聽也納\n言官名命令政教必使審之既允而後出則讒說\n不得行而矯偽無所託矣敷奏覆逆必使審之既\n允而後入則邪僻無自進而功緒有所稽矣周之\n內史漢之尚書魏晉以來所謂中書門下者皆此\n職也\n帝曰諮汝二十有二人欽哉惟時亮天功\n蔡\n傳\n二十二人四嶽九官十二牧也周官言內有百\n揆四嶽外有州牧侯伯蓋百揆者所以統庶官而\n四嶽者所以統十二牧也既分命之又總告之使\n之各敬其職以相天事也曾氏曰舜命九官新命\n者六人命伯禹命伯夷諮四嶽而命者也命垂命\n益泛諮而命者也命夔命龍因人之讓不諮而","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}