{"resource_id":5909,"title":"古今图书集成152","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"古今圖書整合152","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["兵部部匯考一","上古","太昊伏羲氏始立夏官","按外紀太昊時有龍負圖出於河之瑞因而名官始","以龍紀號曰龍師命五官夏官為赤龍氏","炎帝神農氏以夏官為鶉火","按外紀神農氏因火德王故以火紀官為火帝夏官","為鶉火","黃帝有熊氏以雲紀官夏官為縉雲而以大封為司","馬","按史記五帝本紀不載　按外紀帝初受命適有云","瑞之應仍以雲名官號為雲師　應劭曰夏官為縉","雲　又黃帝得六相而天地治神明至大封辨乎西","方故為司馬","顓頊高陽氏以夏官為火正","按左傳昭公二十九年蔡墨曰五行之官火正曰祝","融顓頊氏有子曰犁為祝融","少昊金天氏設瞗鳩氏為司馬","按左傳昭公十七年秋郯子來朝公與之宴昭子問","焉曰少□氏鳥名官何故也郯子曰吾祖也我知之","昔者黃帝氏以雲紀故為雲師而云名炎帝氏以火","紀故為火師而火名共工氏以水紀故為水師而水","名太□氏以龍紀故為龍師而龍名我高祖少□摯","之立也鳳鳥適至故紀於鳥為鳥師而鳥名鳳鳥氏","歷正也元鳥氏司分者也伯趙氏司至者也青鳥氏","司啟者也丹鳥氏司閉者也祝鳩氏司徒也瞗鳩氏","司馬也鳲鳩氏司空也爽鳩氏司寇也鶻鳩氏司事","也五鳩鳩民者也","注","瞗鳩王鳩也鷙而有別故為司馬主法制","商","商設五官有司馬之職","按禮記曲禮天子之五官曰司徒司馬司空司士司","寇典司五眾","注","此五官與天官列而為六五眾者五官屬吏之","群眾也以上舊說皆為殷制","周","周制設夏官大司馬以掌軍政小司馬軍司馬輿司","馬行司馬帥其屬佐之","按書經周官司馬掌邦政統六師平邦國","注","夏官卿主戎馬之事掌國征伐統御六軍平治","邦國軍政莫重於馬故以司馬名官何莫非政獨","戎政謂之政者用以征伐而正彼之不正王政之","大者也","按周禮夏官司馬惟王建國辨方正位體國經野設","官分職以為民極乃立夏官司馬使帥其屬而掌邦","政以佐王平邦國","注","政正也政所以正不正者也","政官之屬大司馬卿一人小司馬中大夫二人軍司","馬下大夫四人輿司馬上士八人行司馬中士十有","六人旅下士三十有二人府六人史十有六人胥三","十有二人徒三百有二十人","注","輿眾也行謂軍行列","凡制軍萬有二千五百人為軍王六軍大國三軍次","國二軍小國一軍軍將皆命卿二千有五百人為師","師帥皆中大夫五百人為旅旅帥皆下大夫百人為","卒卒長皆上士二十五人為兩兩司馬皆中士五人","為伍伍皆有長","注","軍師旅卒兩伍皆眾名也伍一比兩一閭卒一","旅旅一黨師一州軍一鄉家所出一人將帥長司","馬者其師吏也言軍將皆命卿則凡軍帥不特置","選於六官六鄉之吏自卿以下德任者使兼官焉","鄭司農雲王六軍大國三軍次國二軍小國一軍","故春秋傳有大國次國小國又曰成國不過半天","子之軍周為六軍諸侯之大者三軍可也","一軍則二府六史胥十人徒百人大司馬之職掌建","邦國之九以佐王平邦國","注","平成也正也","制畿封國以正邦國","注","封謂立封於疆為界","設儀辨位以等邦國","注","儀謂諸侯及諸臣之儀辨別也別尊卑之位","進賢興功以作邦國","注","興猶舉也作起也起其勸善樂業之心使不惰","廢","建牧立監以維邦國","注","牧州牧也監監一國謂君也維猶連結也","制軍詰禁以糾邦國","注","詰猶窮治也糾猶正也","施貢分職以任邦國","注","職謂職稅也任猶事也事以其力之所堪","稽鄉民以用邦國","注","謂比數之稽猶計也","均守平則以安邦國","注","諸侯有土地者均之尊者守大卑者守小則法","也","比小事大以和邦國","注","比猶親使大國親小國小國事大國相合和也","易比象曰先王以建萬國親諸侯","以九伐之正邦國","注","諸侯有違王命則出兵以征伐之所以正之也","諸侯之於國如樹木之有根本是以言伐雲","馮弱犯寡則眚之","注","馮猶乘陵也言不字小而侵侮之眚猶人眚瘦","也","賊賢害民則伐之暴內陵外則壇之","注","內謂其國外謂諸侯壇讀如同墠之墠王霸記","曰置之空墠之地鄭司農雲壇讀從憚之以威之","憚書亦或為墠元謂置之空墠以出其君更立其","次賢者","野荒民散則削之","注","荒蕪也田不治民不附削其地明其不能有","負固不服則侵之","注","負猶恃也固險可依以固者也不服不事大也","侵之者兵加其境而已用兵淺者詩曰密人不恭","敢距大邦","賊殺其親則正之","注","執而治其罪","放弒其君則殘之","注","殘殺也","犯令陵政則杜之","注","陵政者輕政不循也杜之者杜塞使不得與","鄰國交通","外內亂鳥獸行則滅之","注","王霸記曰悖人倫外內無以異於禽獸不可親","百姓則誅滅去之也","正月之吉始和佈政於邦國都鄙乃縣政象之於","象魏使萬民觀政象挾日而斂之","注","以正月朔日布王政於天下至正歲又縣政","之書挾日十日也","乃以九畿之籍施邦國之政職方千里曰國畿其外","方五百里曰侯畿又其外方五百里曰甸畿又其外","方五百里曰男畿又其外方五百里曰採畿又其外","方五百里曰衛畿又其外方五百里曰蠻畿又其外","方五百里曰夷畿又其外方五百里曰鎮畿又其外","方五百里曰蕃畿","注","畿猶限也自王城以外五千裡為界有分限者","九籍其禮差之書也政職所共王政之職謂賦稅","也故書畿為近鄭司農雲近當言畿春秋傳曰天","子一畿列國一同詩殷頌曰邦畿千里維民所止","凡令賦以地與民制之上地食者參之二其民可用","者家三人中地食者半其民可用者二家五人下地","食者參之一其民可用者家二人","注","賦給軍用者也令邦國之賦亦以地之美惡民","之眾寡為制如六遂矣鄭司農雲上地謂肥美田","也食者參之二假令一家有三頃歲種二頃休其","一頃下地食者參之一田薄惡者所休多","中春教振旅司馬以旗致民平列陳如戰之陳","注","以旗者立旗期民於其下也兵者守國之備孔","子曰以不教民戰是謂棄之兵者凶事不可空設","因搜狩而習之凡師出曰治兵入曰振旅皆習戰","也四時各教民以其一焉春習振旅兵人收眾專","於農平猶正也","辨鼓鐸鐲鐃之用王執路鼓諸侯執賁鼓軍將執晉","鼓師帥執提旅帥執鼙卒長執鐃兩司馬執鐸公司","馬執鐲","注","鼓人職曰以路鼓鼓鬼享以賁鼓鼓軍事以晉","鼓鼓金奏以金鐃止鼓以金鐸通鼓以金鐲節鼓","鄭司農雲辨鼓鐸鐲鐃之用謂鉦鐸之屬提謂馬","上鼓有曲木提持鼓立馬髦上者故謂之提杜子","春雲公司馬謂五人為伍伍之司馬也鄭元謂王","不執賁鼓尚之於諸侯也伍長謂之公司馬者雖","卑同其號","以教坐作進退疾徐疏數之節","注","習戰法","遂以搜田有司表貉誓民鼓遂圍禁火弊獻禽以祭","社","注","春田為搜有司大司徒也掌大田役治徒庶之","政令表貉立表而貉祭也誓民誓以犯田之罰","也誓曰無干車無自後射立旌遂圍禁旌弊爭禽","而不審者罰以假馬禁者虞衡守禽之之厲禁也","既誓令鼓而圍之遂搜田火弊火止也春田主用","火因焚萊除陳草皆殺而火止獻猶致也屬也田","止虞人植旌眾皆獻其所獲禽焉春田主祭社者","土方施生也鄭司農雲貉讀為禡禡謂師祭也書","亦或為禡","中夏教茇舍如振旅之陳群吏撰車徒讀書契辨號","名之用帥以門名縣鄙各以其名家以號名鄉以州","名野以邑名百官各象其事以辨軍之夜事其他皆","如振旅","注","茇讀如萊沛之沛茇舍草止之也"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"古今圖書整合152","section_title":"正文","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 古今圖書整合152\n兵部部匯考一\n上古\n太昊伏羲氏始立夏官\n按外紀太昊時有龍負圖出於河之瑞因而名官始\n以龍紀號曰龍師命五官夏官為赤龍氏\n炎帝神農氏以夏官為鶉火\n按外紀神農氏因火德王故以火紀官為火帝夏官\n為鶉火\n黃帝有熊氏以雲紀官夏官為縉雲而以大封為司\n馬\n按史記五帝本紀不載　按外紀帝初受命適有云\n瑞之應仍以雲名官號為雲師　應劭曰夏官為縉\n雲　又黃帝得六相而天地治神明至大封辨乎西\n方故為司馬\n顓頊高陽氏以夏官為火正\n按左傳昭公二十九年蔡墨曰五行之官火正曰祝\n融顓頊氏有子曰犁為祝融\n少昊金天氏設瞗鳩氏為司馬\n按左傳昭公十七年秋郯子來朝公與之宴昭子問\n焉曰少□氏鳥名官何故也郯子曰吾祖也我知之\n昔者黃帝氏以雲紀故為雲師而云名炎帝氏以火\n紀故為火師而火名共工氏以水紀故為水師而水\n名太□氏以龍紀故為龍師而龍名我高祖少□摯\n之立也鳳鳥適至故紀於鳥為鳥師而鳥名鳳鳥氏\n歷正也元鳥氏司分者也伯趙氏司至者也青鳥氏\n司啟者也丹鳥氏司閉者也祝鳩氏司徒也瞗鳩氏\n司馬也鳲鳩氏司空也爽鳩氏司寇也鶻鳩氏司事\n也五鳩鳩民者也\n注\n瞗鳩王鳩也鷙而有別故為司馬主法制\n商\n商設五官有司馬之職\n按禮記曲禮天子之五官曰司徒司馬司空司士司\n寇典司五眾\n注\n此五官與天官列而為六五眾者五官屬吏之\n群眾也以上舊說皆為殷制\n周\n周制設夏官大司馬以掌軍政小司馬軍司馬輿司\n馬行司馬帥其屬佐之\n按書經周官司馬掌邦政統六師平邦國\n注\n夏官卿主戎馬之事掌國征伐統御六軍平治\n邦國軍政莫重於馬故以司馬名官何莫非政獨\n戎政謂之政者用以征伐而正彼之不正王政之\n大者也\n按周禮夏官司馬惟王建國辨方正位體國經野設\n官分職以為民極乃立夏官司馬使帥其屬而掌邦\n政以佐王平邦國\n注\n政正也政所以正不正者也\n政官之屬大司馬卿一人小司馬中大夫二人軍司\n馬下大夫四人輿司馬上士八人行司馬中士十有\n六人旅下士三十有二人府六人史十有六人胥三\n十有二人徒三百有二十人\n注\n輿眾也行謂軍行列\n凡制軍萬有二千五百人為軍王六軍大國三軍次\n國二軍小國一軍軍將皆命卿二千有五百人為師\n師帥皆中大夫五百人為旅旅帥皆下大夫百人為\n卒卒長皆上士二十五人為兩兩司馬皆中士五人\n為伍伍皆有長\n注\n軍師旅卒兩伍皆眾名也伍一比兩一閭卒一\n旅旅一黨師一州軍一鄉家所出一人將帥長司\n馬者其師吏也言軍將皆命卿則凡軍帥不特置\n選於六官六鄉之吏自卿以下德任者使兼官焉\n鄭司農雲王六軍大國三軍次國二軍小國一軍\n故春秋傳有大國次國小國又曰成國不過半天\n子之軍周為六軍諸侯之大者三軍可也\n一軍則二府六史胥十人徒百人大司馬之職掌建\n邦國之九以佐王平邦國\n注\n平成也正也\n制畿封國以正邦國\n注\n封謂立封於疆為界\n設儀辨位以等邦國\n注\n儀謂諸侯及諸臣之儀辨別也別尊卑之位\n進賢興功以作邦國\n注\n興猶舉也作起也起其勸善樂業之心使不惰\n廢\n建牧立監以維邦國\n注\n牧州牧也監監一國謂君也維猶連結也\n制軍詰禁以糾邦國\n注\n詰猶窮治也糾猶正也\n施貢分職以任邦國\n注\n職謂職稅也任猶事也事以其力之所堪\n稽鄉民以用邦國\n注\n謂比數之稽猶計也\n均守平則以安邦國\n注\n諸侯有土地者均之尊者守大卑者守小則法\n也\n比小事大以和邦國\n注\n比猶親使大國親小國小國事大國相合和也\n易比象曰先王以建萬國親諸侯\n以九伐之正邦國\n注\n諸侯有違王命則出兵以征伐之所以正之也\n諸侯之於國如樹木之有根本是以言伐雲\n馮弱犯寡則眚之\n注\n馮猶乘陵也言不字小而侵侮之眚猶人眚瘦\n也\n賊賢害民則伐之暴內陵外則壇之\n注\n內謂其國外謂諸侯壇讀如同墠之墠王霸記\n曰置之空墠之地鄭司農雲壇讀從憚之以威之\n憚書亦或為墠元謂置之空墠以出其君更立其\n次賢者\n野荒民散則削之\n注\n荒蕪也田不治民不附削其地明其不能有\n負固不服則侵之\n注\n負猶恃也固險可依以固者也不服不事大也\n侵之者兵加其境而已用兵淺者詩曰密人不恭\n敢距大邦\n賊殺其親則正之\n注\n執而治其罪\n放弒其君則殘之\n注\n殘殺也\n犯令陵政則杜之\n注\n陵政者輕政不循也杜之者杜塞使不得與\n鄰國交通\n外內亂鳥獸行則滅之\n注\n王霸記曰悖人倫外內無以異於禽獸不可親\n百姓則誅滅去之也\n正月之吉始和佈政於邦國都鄙乃縣政象之於\n象魏使萬民觀政象挾日而斂之\n注\n以正月朔日布王政於天下至正歲又縣政\n之書挾日十日也\n乃以九畿之籍施邦國之政職方千里曰國畿其外\n方五百里曰侯畿又其外方五百里曰甸畿又其外\n方五百里曰男畿又其外方五百里曰採畿又其外\n方五百里曰衛畿又其外方五百里曰蠻畿又其外\n方五百里曰夷畿又其外方五百里曰鎮畿又其外\n方五百里曰蕃畿\n注\n畿猶限也自王城以外五千裡為界有分限者\n九籍其禮差之書也政職所共王政之職謂賦稅\n也故書畿為近鄭司農雲近當言畿春秋傳曰天\n子一畿列國一同詩殷頌曰邦畿千里維民所止\n凡令賦以地與民制之上地食者參之二其民可用\n者家三人中地食者半其民可用者二家五人下地\n食者參之一其民可用者家二人\n注\n賦給軍用者也令邦國之賦亦以地之美惡民\n之眾寡為制如六遂矣鄭司農雲上地謂肥美田\n也食者參之二假令一家有三頃歲種二頃休其\n一頃下地食者參之一田薄惡者所休多\n中春教振旅司馬以旗致民平列陳如戰之陳\n注\n以旗者立旗期民於其下也兵者守國之備孔\n子曰以不教民戰是謂棄之兵者凶事不可空設\n因搜狩而習之凡師出曰治兵入曰振旅皆習戰\n也四時各教民以其一焉春習振旅兵人收眾專\n於農平猶正也\n辨鼓鐸鐲鐃之用王執路鼓諸侯執賁鼓軍將執晉\n鼓師帥執提旅帥執鼙卒長執鐃兩司馬執鐸公司\n馬執鐲\n注\n鼓人職曰以路鼓鼓鬼享以賁鼓鼓軍事以晉\n鼓鼓金奏以金鐃止鼓以金鐸通鼓以金鐲節鼓\n鄭司農雲辨鼓鐸鐲鐃之用謂鉦鐸之屬提謂馬\n上鼓有曲木提持鼓立馬髦上者故謂之提杜子\n春雲公司馬謂五人為伍伍之司馬也鄭元謂王\n不執賁鼓尚之於諸侯也伍長謂之公司馬者雖\n卑同其號\n以教坐作進退疾徐疏數之節\n注\n習戰法\n遂以搜田有司表貉誓民鼓遂圍禁火弊獻禽以祭\n社\n注\n春田為搜有司大司徒也掌大田役治徒庶之\n政令表貉立表而貉祭也誓民誓以犯田之罰\n也誓曰無干車無自後射立旌遂圍禁旌弊爭禽\n而不審者罰以假馬禁者虞衡守禽之之厲禁也\n既誓令鼓而圍之遂搜田火弊火止也春田主用\n火因焚萊除陳草皆殺而火止獻猶致也屬也田\n止虞人植旌眾皆獻其所獲禽焉春田主祭社者\n土方施生也鄭司農雲貉讀為禡禡謂師祭也書\n亦或為禡\n中夏教茇舍如振旅之陳群吏撰車徒讀書契辨號\n名之用帥以門名縣鄙各以其名家以號名鄉以州\n名野以邑名百官各象其事以辨軍之夜事其他皆\n如振旅\n注\n茇讀如萊沛之沛茇舍草止之也","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}