{"resource_id":5876,"title":"古今图书集成119","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"禍福部總論","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"易經","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"坤卦","paragraphs":["積善之家必有餘慶積不善之家必有餘殃臣弒其","君子弒其父非一朝一夕之故其所由來者漸矣由","辨之不早辨也易曰履霜堅冰至蓋言順也"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","title":"繫辭下傳","paragraphs":["子曰小人不恥不仁不畏不義不見利不勸不威不","懲小懲而大誡此小人之福也易曰屨校滅趾□咎","此之謂也","善不積不足以成名惡不積不足以滅身小人以小","善為□益而弗為也以小惡為□傷而弗去也故惡","積而不可揜罪大而不可解易曰何校滅耳兇"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","title":"書經","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","title":"湯誥","paragraphs":["天道福善禍淫降災於夏以彰厥罪","大","全","問天道福善禍淫此理定否朱子曰如何不定","自是道理當如此問或有不如此者何也曰福善","禍淫其常理也不如此便是失常理天莫之為而","為天亦何常有意只是理自是如此且如冬寒夏","熱此是常理冬熱夏寒便是失其常理","伊訓","惟上帝不常作善降之百祥作不善降之百殃"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","title":"洪範","paragraphs":["五皇極皇建其有極斂時五福用敷錫厥庶民惟時","厥庶民於汝極錫汝保極","蔡","注","極者福之本福者極之效極之所建福之所集","也人君集福於上非厚其身而已用敷其福以與","庶民使人人觀感而化所謂敷錫也","凡厥庶民無有淫朋人無有比德惟皇作極凡厥庶","民有猷有為有守汝則念之不協於極不罹於咎皇","則受之而康而色曰予攸好德汝則錫之福時人斯","其維皇之極無虐煢獨而畏高明人之有能有為使","羞其行而邦其昌凡厥正人既富方谷汝弗能使有","好於而家時人斯其辜於其無好德汝雖錫之福其","作汝用咎","蔡","注","福者爵祿之謂上文指福之全體而言此則為","福之一端而發","九五福一曰壽二曰富三曰康寧四曰攸好德五曰","考終命","大","全","陳氏大猷曰人莫不好生惡死壽則生之長者","四代皆尚齒故五福壽為先雖壽不可無以養其","生故富次之壽且富或不免於憂患則身心不安","故康寧又次之形康心寧安之至也壽富康寧而","不好德則老而不死為富不仁作偽心勞何足貴","哉攸好德則心逸日休自求多福福之本實在此","其為福大矣故好德又次之考成也諸福備矣必","成其正命則全而歸之順受其正然後為福之至","使年雖壽而死非正命雖壽何補非福矣故考終","命終焉此之五福即皇極疇之五福五福以攸好","德為根本五福之目雖至第九疇而列而五福之","根本則已於第五疇而基曰予攸好德汝則錫之","福是也好德則必得其壽為世老無德而壽罔","之生也好德則得祿而富無德而富怨之府也好","德則心廣體胖無入不自得無德則小人長慼慼","非安也至於考終命又未有不由德而能戰兢以","全歸者諸福固必本於好德而好德又豈非本於","建皇極哉王氏曰富貴人所欲貧賤人所惡而福","極不言貴賤何也曰五福者自天子至庶人皆可","使慕而向六極亦皆可使畏而遠若貴賤則有常","分矣使自公侯至庶人皆慕貴欲其至而不欲賤","之在己則陵犯篡奪何有終窮詩曰實命不猶蓋","王者之世欲賤者之安其賤如此顧氏臨曰不言","貴雖以嚴分然貴者未必為福賤者未必為極故","桀紂貴為天子而不得其死顏回原憲到今稱之","六極一曰兇短折二曰疾三曰憂四曰貧五曰惡六","曰弱","蔡","注","兇者不得其死也短折者橫夭也禍莫大於兇","短折故先言之疾者身不安也憂者心不寧也貧","者用不足也惡者剛之過也弱者柔之過也以極","之重輕為先後","大","全","王氏炎曰惡者小人之剛自暴","者也弱者小人之柔自棄者也"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","title":"周禮","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","title":"天官","paragraphs":["大宰之職以八柄詔王馭群臣五曰生以馭其福","訂","義","王昭禹曰洪範以壽居五福之先則得生足以","為福矣劉氏曰福者其人本坐死以親故功貴者","議而免之是其福矣"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","title":"爾雅","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","title":"釋詁","paragraphs":["祿祉履戩祓禧禠祜福也","疏","皆福祜也福祿對文則小異散則祿亦福也商","頌元鳥雲百祿是何鄭箋謂當擔負天之多福祉","者繁多之福也周頌烈文雲錫茲祉福"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","title":"釋訓","paragraphs":["穰穰福也","注","言饒多","疏","執競雲降福穰穰眾也鄭箋雲神與","之福又眾大謂如嘏辭也是言得福饒多也","韓子","解老","人有禍則心畏恐心畏恐則行端直行端直則思慮","熟思慮熟則得事理行端直則無禍害無禍害則盡","天年得事理則必成功盡天年則全而壽必成功則","富與貴全壽富貴之謂福而福本於有禍故曰禍兮","福之所倚以成其功也","人有福則富貴至富貴至則衣食美衣食美則驕心","生驕心生則行邪僻而動棄理行邪僻則身死夭動","棄理則無成功夫內有死夭之難而外無成功之名","者大禍也而禍本生於有福故曰福兮禍之所伏","春秋繁露","郊語","人之言醞去煙鴟羽去昧慈石取鐵頸金取火蠶珥","絲於室而弦絕於堂禾實於野而粟缺於倉蕪夷生","於燕橘枳死於荊此十物者皆奇而怪非人所意也","夫非人所意然而既以有之矣或者吉凶禍福利不","利之所從生無有奇怪非人所意如是者乎此等可","畏也孔子曰君子有三畏畏天命畏大人畏聖人之","言彼豈無傷害於人如孔子徒畏之哉以此見天之","不可不畏敬猶主上之不可不謹事不謹事主其禍","來至顯不畏敬天其殃來至暗暗者不見其端若自","然也故曰堂堂如天殃言不必立校默而無聲潛而","無形也由是觀之天殃與上罰所以別者暗與顯耳","不然其來逮人殆無以異孔子同之俱言可畏也天","地神明之心與人事成敗之真固莫之能見也唯聖","人能見之聖人者見人之所不見者也故聖人之言","亦可畏也"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-12","title":"淮南子","paragraphs":["人間訓","昔者宋人好善者三世不解家無故而黑牛生白犢","以問先生先生曰此吉祥以饗鬼神","白犢純色","可以為犧牲","居","一年其父無故而盲牛又復生白犢其父又復使其","子以問先生其子曰前聽先生言而失明今又復問","之奈何其父曰聖人之言先忤而後合其事未究固","試往復問之其子又復問先生先生曰此吉祥也復","以饗鬼神歸致命其父其父曰行先生之言也居一","年其子又無故而盲其後楚攻宋圍其城當此之時","易子而食析骸而炊丁壯者死老病童兒皆上城牢","守而不下楚王大怒城已破諸城守者皆屠之此獨","以父子盲之故得無乘城軍罷圍解則父子俱視（","視復","明也）","夫禍福之轉而相生其變難見也近塞上之人有","善術者馬無故亡而入胡人皆吊之其父曰此何遽","不為福乎居數月其馬將胡駿馬而歸人皆賀之其","父曰此何遽不能為禍乎家富良馬其子好騎墮而","折其髀人皆吊之其父曰此何不遽為福乎居一年","胡人大入塞丁壯者引弦而戰近塞之人死者十九","此獨以跛之故父子相保故福之為禍禍之為福化","不可極深不可測也","論衡","幸偶篇","凡人操行有賢有愚及遭禍福有幸有不幸舉事有","是有非及觸賞罰有偶有不偶並時遭兵隱者不中","同日被霜蔽者不傷中傷未必惡隱蔽未必善隱蔽","幸中傷不幸俱欲納忠或賞或罰並欲有益或信或","疑賞而信者未必真罰而疑者未必偽賞信者偶罰","疑不偶也孔子門徒七十有餘顏回蚤夭孔子曰不","幸短命死矣短命稱不幸則知長命者幸也短命者","不幸也服聖賢之道講仁義之業宜蒙福佑伯牛有","疾亦復顏回之類俱不幸也螻蟻行於地人舉足而","涉之足所履螻蟻苲死足所不蹈全活不傷火燔野","草車轢所致火所不燔俗或喜之名曰幸草夫足所","不蹈火所不燔未必善也舉火行有適然也由是以","論癰疽之發亦一實也氣結閼積聚為"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"禍福部總論","section_title":"易經","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"禍福部總論","section_title":"坤卦","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","chapter_title":"禍福部總論","section_title":"繫辭下傳","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","chapter_title":"禍福部總論","section_title":"書經","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","chapter_title":"禍福部總論","section_title":"湯誥","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","chapter_title":"禍福部總論","section_title":"洪範","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","chapter_title":"禍福部總論","section_title":"周禮","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","chapter_title":"禍福部總論","section_title":"天官","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","chapter_title":"禍福部總論","section_title":"爾雅","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","chapter_title":"禍福部總論","section_title":"釋詁","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","chapter_title":"禍福部總論","section_title":"釋訓","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-12","chapter_title":"禍福部總論","section_title":"淮南子","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 禍福部總論\n## 易經\n## 坤卦\n積善之家必有餘慶積不善之家必有餘殃臣弒其\n君子弒其父非一朝一夕之故其所由來者漸矣由\n辨之不早辨也易曰履霜堅冰至蓋言順也\n## 繫辭下傳\n子曰小人不恥不仁不畏不義不見利不勸不威不\n懲小懲而大誡此小人之福也易曰屨校滅趾□咎\n此之謂也\n善不積不足以成名惡不積不足以滅身小人以小\n善為□益而弗為也以小惡為□傷而弗去也故惡\n積而不可揜罪大而不可解易曰何校滅耳兇\n## 書經\n## 湯誥\n天道福善禍淫降災於夏以彰厥罪\n大\n全\n問天道福善禍淫此理定否朱子曰如何不定\n自是道理當如此問或有不如此者何也曰福善\n禍淫其常理也不如此便是失常理天莫之為而\n為天亦何常有意只是理自是如此且如冬寒夏\n熱此是常理冬熱夏寒便是失其常理\n伊訓\n惟上帝不常作善降之百祥作不善降之百殃\n## 洪範\n五皇極皇建其有極斂時五福用敷錫厥庶民惟時\n厥庶民於汝極錫汝保極\n蔡\n注\n極者福之本福者極之效極之所建福之所集\n也人君集福於上非厚其身而已用敷其福以與\n庶民使人人觀感而化所謂敷錫也\n凡厥庶民無有淫朋人無有比德惟皇作極凡厥庶\n民有猷有為有守汝則念之不協於極不罹於咎皇\n則受之而康而色曰予攸好德汝則錫之福時人斯\n其維皇之極無虐煢獨而畏高明人之有能有為使\n羞其行而邦其昌凡厥正人既富方谷汝弗能使有\n好於而家時人斯其辜於其無好德汝雖錫之福其\n作汝用咎\n蔡\n注\n福者爵祿之謂上文指福之全體而言此則為\n福之一端而發\n九五福一曰壽二曰富三曰康寧四曰攸好德五曰\n考終命\n大\n全\n陳氏大猷曰人莫不好生惡死壽則生之長者\n四代皆尚齒故五福壽為先雖壽不可無以養其\n生故富次之壽且富或不免於憂患則身心不安\n故康寧又次之形康心寧安之至也壽富康寧而\n不好德則老而不死為富不仁作偽心勞何足貴\n哉攸好德則心逸日休自求多福福之本實在此\n其為福大矣故好德又次之考成也諸福備矣必\n成其正命則全而歸之順受其正然後為福之至\n使年雖壽而死非正命雖壽何補非福矣故考終\n命終焉此之五福即皇極疇之五福五福以攸好\n德為根本五福之目雖至第九疇而列而五福之\n根本則已於第五疇而基曰予攸好德汝則錫之\n福是也好德則必得其壽為世老無德而壽罔\n之生也好德則得祿而富無德而富怨之府也好\n德則心廣體胖無入不自得無德則小人長慼慼\n非安也至於考終命又未有不由德而能戰兢以\n全歸者諸福固必本於好德而好德又豈非本於\n建皇極哉王氏曰富貴人所欲貧賤人所惡而福\n極不言貴賤何也曰五福者自天子至庶人皆可\n使慕而向六極亦皆可使畏而遠若貴賤則有常\n分矣使自公侯至庶人皆慕貴欲其至而不欲賤\n之在己則陵犯篡奪何有終窮詩曰實命不猶蓋\n王者之世欲賤者之安其賤如此顧氏臨曰不言\n貴雖以嚴分然貴者未必為福賤者未必為極故\n桀紂貴為天子而不得其死顏回原憲到今稱之\n六極一曰兇短折二曰疾三曰憂四曰貧五曰惡六\n曰弱\n蔡\n注\n兇者不得其死也短折者橫夭也禍莫大於兇\n短折故先言之疾者身不安也憂者心不寧也貧\n者用不足也惡者剛之過也弱者柔之過也以極\n之重輕為先後\n大\n全\n王氏炎曰惡者小人之剛自暴\n者也弱者小人之柔自棄者也\n## 周禮\n## 天官\n大宰之職以八柄詔王馭群臣五曰生以馭其福\n訂\n義\n王昭禹曰洪範以壽居五福之先則得生足以\n為福矣劉氏曰福者其人本坐死以親故功貴者\n議而免之是其福矣\n## 爾雅\n## 釋詁\n祿祉履戩祓禧禠祜福也\n疏\n皆福祜也福祿對文則小異散則祿亦福也商\n頌元鳥雲百祿是何鄭箋謂當擔負天之多福祉\n者繁多之福也周頌烈文雲錫茲祉福\n## 釋訓\n穰穰福也\n注\n言饒多\n疏\n執競雲降福穰穰眾也鄭箋雲神與\n之福又眾大謂如嘏辭也是言得福饒多也\n韓子\n解老\n人有禍則心畏恐心畏恐則行端直行端直則思慮\n熟思慮熟則得事理行端直則無禍害無禍害則盡\n天年得事理則必成功盡天年則全而壽必成功則\n富與貴全壽富貴之謂福而福本於有禍故曰禍兮\n福之所倚以成其功也\n人有福則富貴至富貴至則衣食美衣食美則驕心\n生驕心生則行邪僻而動棄理行邪僻則身死夭動\n棄理則無成功夫內有死夭之難而外無成功之名\n者大禍也而禍本生於有福故曰福兮禍之所伏\n春秋繁露\n郊語\n人之言醞去煙鴟羽去昧慈石取鐵頸金取火蠶珥\n絲於室而弦絕於堂禾實於野而粟缺於倉蕪夷生\n於燕橘枳死於荊此十物者皆奇而怪非人所意也\n夫非人所意然而既以有之矣或者吉凶禍福利不\n利之所從生無有奇怪非人所意如是者乎此等可\n畏也孔子曰君子有三畏畏天命畏大人畏聖人之\n言彼豈無傷害於人如孔子徒畏之哉以此見天之\n不可不畏敬猶主上之不可不謹事不謹事主其禍\n來至顯不畏敬天其殃來至暗暗者不見其端若自\n然也故曰堂堂如天殃言不必立校默而無聲潛而\n無形也由是觀之天殃與上罰所以別者暗與顯耳\n不然其來逮人殆無以異孔子同之俱言可畏也天\n地神明之心與人事成敗之真固莫之能見也唯聖\n人能見之聖人者見人之所不見者也故聖人之言\n亦可畏也\n## 淮南子\n人間訓\n昔者宋人好善者三世不解家無故而黑牛生白犢\n以問先生先生曰此吉祥以饗鬼神\n白犢純色\n可以為犧牲\n居\n一年其父無故而盲牛又復生白犢其父又復使其\n子以問先生其子曰前聽先生言而失明今又復問\n之奈何其父曰聖人之言先忤而後合其事未究固\n試往復問之其子又復問先生先生曰此吉祥也復\n以饗鬼神歸致命其父其父曰行先生之言也居一\n年其子又無故而盲其後楚攻宋圍其城當此之時\n易子而食析骸而炊丁壯者死老病童兒皆上城牢\n守而不下楚王大怒城已破諸城守者皆屠之此獨\n以父子盲之故得無乘城軍罷圍解則父子俱視（\n視復\n明也）\n夫禍福之轉而相生其變難見也近塞上之人有\n善術者馬無故亡而入胡人皆吊之其父曰此何遽\n不為福乎居數月其馬將胡駿馬而歸人皆賀之其\n父曰此何遽不能為禍乎家富良馬其子好騎墮而\n折其髀人皆吊之其父曰此何不遽為福乎居一年\n胡人大入塞丁壯者引弦而戰近塞之人死者十九\n此獨以跛之故父子相保故福之為禍禍之為福化\n不可極深不可測也\n論衡\n幸偶篇\n凡人操行有賢有愚及遭禍福有幸有不幸舉事有\n是有非及觸賞罰有偶有不偶並時遭兵隱者不中\n同日被霜蔽者不傷中傷未必惡隱蔽未必善隱蔽\n幸中傷不幸俱欲納忠或賞或罰並欲有益或信或\n疑賞而信者未必真罰而疑者未必偽賞信者偶罰\n疑不偶也孔子門徒七十有餘顏回蚤夭孔子曰不\n幸短命死矣短命稱不幸則知長命者幸也短命者\n不幸也服聖賢之道講仁義之業宜蒙福佑伯牛有\n疾亦復顏回之類俱不幸也螻蟻行於地人舉足而\n涉之足所履螻蟻苲死足所不蹈全活不傷火燔野\n草車轢所致火所不燔俗或喜之名曰幸草夫足所\n不蹈火所不燔未必善也舉火行有適然也由是以\n論癰疽之發亦一實也氣結閼積聚為","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}