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患難部總論\n## 易經\n## 坎卦\n習坎有孚維心亨行有尚\n程\n傳\n坎者陷也理□過而不已過極則必陷坎所以\n次大過也\n本\n義\n習重習也坎險陷也其象為水陽陷\n陰中外虛而中實也此卦上下皆坎是為重險中\n實為有孚心亨之象以是而行必有功矣\n彖曰習坎重險也水流而不盈行險而不失其信維\n心亨乃以剛中也行有尚往有功也天險不可升也\n地險山川丘陵也王公設險以守其國險之時用大\n矣哉\n象曰水洊至習坎君子以常德行習教事\n本\n義\n治己治人皆必重習然後熟而安之\n初六習坎入於坎窞兇\n本\n義\n以陰柔居重險之下其陷益深故其象佔如此\n象曰習坎入坎失道兇也\n九二坎有險求小得象曰求小得未出中也\n本\n義\n處重險之中未能自出故為有險之象然剛而\n得中故其佔可以求小得也\n六三來之坎坎險且枕入於坎窞勿用象曰來之坎\n坎終□功也\n本\n義\n以陰柔不中正而履重險之間來往皆險前險\n而後枕其陷益深不可用也枕倚著未安之意\n六四樽酒簋貳用缶納約自牖終□咎象曰樽酒簋\n貳剛柔際也\n本\n義\n先儒讀樽酒簋為一句貳用缶為一句今從之\n貳益之也九五尊位六四近之在險之時剛柔相\n際故有但用薄禮益以誠心進結自牖之象牖非\n所由之正而室之所受以明也始雖艱阻終得□\n咎\n九五坎不盈祗既平□咎象曰坎不盈中未大也\n本\n義\n九五雖在坎中然以陽剛中正居尊位而時亦\n將出矣\n上六系用徽纆置於叢棘三歲不得兇象曰上六失\n道兇三歲也\n程\n傳\n以其陷之深取牢獄為喻陰柔而陷之深至於\n三歲不得免也\n明夷卦\n明夷利艱貞\n本\n義\n夷傷也為卦下離上坤日入地中明而見傷之\n象故為明夷又其上六為暗之主六五近之故佔\n者利於艱難以守正而自晦其明也\n彖曰明入地中明夷內文明而外柔順以蒙大難文\n王以之利艱貞晦其明也內難而能正其志箕子以\n之\n本\n義\n蒙大難謂遭紂之亂而見囚內難謂為紂近親\n在其國內如六五之近於上六也\n象曰明入地中明夷君子以蒞眾用晦而明\n程\n傳\n君子□所不照然用明之過則傷於察而□含\n弘之度古之聖人設前旒屏樹者不欲明之盡乎\n隱也\n初九明夷于飛垂其翼君子於行三日不食有攸往\n主人有言\n本\n義\n飛而垂翼見傷之象佔者行而不食所如不合\n時義當然不得而避也\n象曰君子於行義不食也\n本\n義\n唯義所在不食可也\n六二明夷夷於左股用拯馬壯吉象曰六二之吉順\n以則也\n本\n義\n傷而未切救之速則免矣\n九三明夷於南狩得其大首不可疾貞象曰南狩之\n志乃大得也\n本\n義\n以剛居剛又在明體之上而屈於至暗之下正\n與上六暗主為應故有嚮明除害得其首惡之象\n然不可以亟也故有不可疾貞之戒成湯起於夏\n臺文王興於羑里正合此爻之義而小事亦有然\n者\n六四入於左腹獲明夷之心於出門庭象曰入於左\n腹獲心意也\n本\n義\n左腹者幽隱之處獲明夷之心於出門庭者得\n意於遠去之義蓋離體為至明之德坤體為至暗\n之地下三爻明在暗外故隨其遠近高下而處之\n不同六四以柔正居暗地而尚淺故猶可以得意\n於遠去五以柔中居暗地而已迫故為內難正志\n以晦其明之象上則極乎暗矣故為自傷其明以\n至於暗又足以傷人之明蓋下五爻皆為君子獨\n上一爻為暗君也\n六五箕子之明夷利貞象曰箕子之貞明不可息也\n本\n義\n居至闇之地近至闇之君而能正其志箕子之\n象也貞之至也\n大\n全\n雲峰胡氏曰士大夫處平時易\n處明夷之地難處明夷之時為微子比干猶易為\n箕子難微子已去不可復去比干已死不必復死\n內難而能正其志箕子以之此殷有三仁而爻獨\n以箕子言之也\n程\n傳\n箕子雖遭患難其明自存不可\n滅息若遇禍患遂失其所守則是亡其明乃滅息\n也古之人如揚雄者是也\n上六不明晦初登於天后入於地\n本\n義\n以陰居坤之極不明其德以至於晦始則處高\n位以傷人之明終必至於自傷而墜厥命故其象\n如此\n象曰初登於天照四國也後入於地失則也\n本\n義\n照四國以位言\n蹇卦\n蹇利西南不利東北利見大人貞吉\n程\n傳\n西南坤方體順而易東北艮方體止而險在蹇\n難之時利於順處平易之地不利止於危險也處\n順易則難可紓止於險則難益甚蹇難之時必有\n聖賢之人則能濟天下之難故利見大人也濟難\n者必以大正之道而堅固其守故貞則吉也凡處\n難者必在乎守貞正設使難不解不失正德是以\n吉也若遇難而不能固其守入於邪濫雖使苟免\n亦惡德也\n彖曰蹇難也險在前也\n程\n傳\n蹇有險阻之義屯亦難也困亦難也同為難而\n義則異屯者始難而未得通困者力之窮蹇乃險\n阻艱難之義各不同也險在前也坎險在前下止\n而不得進故為蹇\n見險而能止知矣哉\n程\n傳\n犯險而進則有悔咎故美其能止為知也\n大\n全\n中\n溪張氏曰蹇之所以為難者以其險之在前也見\n坎險之難而明艮止之義非智者孰能識之\n蹇利西南往得中也不利東北其道窮也利見大人\n往有功也當位貞吉以正邦也蹇之時用大矣哉\n程\n傳\n處蹇之時濟蹇之道其用至大天下之難豈易\n平也非聖賢不能其用可謂大矣順時而處量險\n而行從平易之道由至正之理乃蹇之時用也\n象曰山上有水蹇君子以反身修德\n程\n傳\n山之峻阻上覆有水坎水為險陷之象上下險\n阻故為蹇也君子觀蹇難之象而以反身修德君\n子之遇險阻必反求諸己而益自修君子修德以\n俟時而已\n困卦\n困亨貞大人吉□咎有言不信\n本\n義\n困者窮而不能自振之義坎剛為兌柔所揜九\n二為二陰所揜四五為上六所揜所以為困坎險\n兌說處險而說是身雖困而道則亨也二五剛中\n又有大人之象佔者處困能亨則得其正矣非大\n人其孰能之故曰貞又曰大人者明不正之小人\n不能當也有言不信又戒以當務晦默不可尚口\n益取困窮\n彖曰困剛揜也險以說困而不失其所亨其唯君子\n乎\n程\n傳\n下險而上說為處險而能說雖在困窮艱險之\n中樂天安義自得其說樂也時雖困也處不失義\n則其道自亨困而不失其所亨也君子大人通稱\n大\n全\n張氏曰處險而說如顏子在陋巷而不改其樂\n柳下惠厄窮而不憫夫子厄於陳畏於匡孟子毀\n於臧倉身彌困而道彌亨唯君子能之\n貞大人吉以剛中也有言不信尚口乃窮也\n程\n傳\n當困而言人所不信欲以口免困乃所以致窮\n也\n象曰澤□水困君子以致命遂志\n本\n義\n水下漏則澤上枯故曰澤□水致命猶言授命\n言持以與人而不之有也能如是則雖困而亨矣\n大\n全\n朱子曰困厄有重輕力量有小大若能一日十\n二時點檢自己念慮動作須是合宜仰不愧俯不\n怍如此而不幸填溝壑喪身殞命有不暇恤只得\n成就一個是處如此則方寸之間全是天理雖遇\n大困厄有致命遂志而已亦不知有人之是非向\n背惟其是而已\n初六臀困於株木入於幽谷三歲不覿象曰入於幽\n谷幽不明也\n本\n義\n臀物之底也困於株木傷而不能安也初六以\n陰柔處困之底居暗之甚故其象佔如此\n大\n全\n中溪\n張氏曰人之體行則趾為下坐則臀為下初六困\n而不行此坐困之象也\n九二困於酒食朱紱方來利用亨祀徵兇□咎象曰\n困於酒食中有慶也\n本\n義\n困於酒食厭飫苦惱之意酒食人之所欲然醉\n飽過宜則是反為所困矣朱紱方來上應之","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}