{"resource_id":5848,"title":"古今图书集成91","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"古今圖書整合91","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["年齒部匯考","禮記","曲禮","人生十年曰幼學二十曰弱冠三十曰壯有室四十","曰強而仕五十曰艾服官政六十曰耆指使七十曰","老而傳八十九十曰耄七年曰悼悼與耄雖有罪不","加刑焉百年曰期頤","注","朱子曰十年曰幼為句絕學字自為一句下至","百年曰期皆然呂氏曰五十曰艾發之蒼白者如","艾之色也古者四十始命之仕五十始命之服官","政仕者為士以事人治官府之小事也服官政者","為大夫以長人與聞邦國之大事者也才可用則","使之仕德成乃命為大夫也耆者稽久之稱不自","用力惟以指意使令人故曰指使傳謂傳家事於","子也耄惛忘也悼憐愛也耄者老而知已衰悼者","幼而知未及雖或有罪情不出於故故不加刑人","壽以百年為期故曰期飲食居處動作無不待於","養故曰頤","大夫七十而致事若不得謝則必賜之几杖行役以","婦人適四方乘安車自稱曰老夫於其國則稱名越","國而問焉必告之以其制","注","致還其職事於君也不得謝謂君不許其致事","也如辭謝代謝亦皆卻而退去之義幾所以馮杖","所以倚賜之使自安適也婦人能養人故許自隨","古者四馬之車立乘安車者一馬小車坐乘也老","夫長老者之稱己國稱名者父母之邦不敢以尊","者自居也一國有賢眾國所仰故越國而來問文","獻不足則言禮無徵故必告之以其制言舉國之","故事以答之也","謀於長者必操几杖以從之長者問不辭讓而對非","禮也","注","謀於長者謂往就長者而謀議所為也長者之","前當執謙虛不辭讓非事長之禮應氏曰操几杖","以從非謂長者所無也執弟子之役其禮然耳","又","年長以倍則父事之十年以長則兄事之五年以長","則肩隨之","注","此泛言長少之序非謂親者","群居五人則長者必異席","注","古者地敷橫席而容四人長者居席端若五人","會則長者一人異席也","又","長者與之提攜則兩手奉長者之手負劍辟咡詔之","則掩口而對","注","長者或從童子背後而俯首與之語則童子如","負長者然長者以手挾童子於脅下則如帶劍然","蓋長者俯與童子語有負劍之狀非真負劍也闢","偏也咡口旁詔告語也掩口而對謂童子當以手","障口氣而應對不敢使氣觸長者也","又","從長者而上丘陵則必鄉長者所視","注","鄉長者所視恐有問則即所見以對也","又","凡為長者糞之禮必加帚於箕上以袂拘而退其塵","不及長者以箕自鄉而扱之","侍坐於長者屨不上於堂解屨不敢當階就屨跪而","舉之屏於側","注","侍長者之坐於堂故不敢以屨升若長者在室","則屨得上堂而不得入室戶外有二屨是也解脫","也","鄉長者而屨跪而遷屨俯而納屨","注","此明少者禮畢退去為長者所送則於階側跪","取屨稍移之面向長者而著之遷徙也就階側跪","取稍移近前也俯而納者既取因俯身向長者而","納足著之不跪者跪則足向後不便故俯也","又","侍食於長者主人親饋則拜而食主人不親饋則不","拜而食","注","凡以稱禮之施而已","又","侍飲於長者酒進則起拜受於尊所長者辭少者反","席而飲長者舉未釂少者不敢飲","大","全","王氏曰禮莫嚴於少長之分至於飲食之際尤","人情之所易縱故記禮者必致其委曲焉一飲之","頃少之所以事長者如此其至凡所以習人敬順","之心於平居無事之時其瀆尊犯分之念何自而","有哉","長者賜少者賤者不敢辭","又","御同於長者雖貳不辭偶坐不辭","注","御侍也貳益物也侍食者雖獲殽饌之重而不","辭其多者以此饌本為長者設耳","又","問天子之年對曰聞之始服衣若干尺矣問國君之","年長曰能從宗廟社稷之事矣幼曰未能從宗廟社","稷之事也問大夫之子長曰能御矣幼曰未能御也","問士之子長曰能典謁矣幼曰未能典謁也問庶人","之子長曰能負薪矣幼曰未能負薪也","內則","子能食食教以右手能言男唯女俞男鞶革女鞶絲","六年教之數與方名七年男女不同席不共食八年","出入門戶及即席飲食必後長者始教之讓九年教","之數日十年出就外傅居宿於外學書計衣不帛襦","□禮帥初朝夕學幼儀請肄簡諒十有三年學樂誦","詩舞勺成童舞象學射御二十而冠始學禮可以衣","裘帛舞大夏惇行孝弟博學不教內而不出三十而","有室始理男事博學無方孫友視志四十始仕方物","出謀發慮道合則服從不可則去五十命為大夫服","官政七十致事","王制","凡三王養老皆引年","注","四海之內老者眾矣安得人人而養之待國老","庶老之禮畢即行引戶校年之令而恩賜其老者","焉","又","父之齒隨行兄之齒雁行朋友不相逾","注","父之齒兄之齒謂其人年與父等或與兄等也","隨行隨其後也雁行□行而稍後也朋友年相若","則彼此不可相逾越而有先後言□行而齊也","少儀","問國君之子長幼長則曰能從社稷之事矣幼則曰","能御未能御問大夫之子長幼長則曰能從樂人之","事矣幼則曰能正於樂人未能正於樂人問士之子","長幼長則曰能耕矣幼則曰能負薪未能負薪","祭義","昔者有虞氏貴德而尚齒夏后氏貴爵而尚齒殷人","貴富而尚齒周人貴親而尚齒虞夏殷周天下之盛","王也未有遺年者年之貴乎天下久矣次乎事親也","注","四代之治隨時救弊所貴雖不同而尚齒則同","也未有遺年齒而不尚者齒居天下之達尊久矣","老吾老以及人之老故尊高年次於事親也","朝廷同爵則尚齒七十杖於朝君問則席八十不俟","朝君問則就之而弟達乎朝廷矣","大","全","方氏曰朝廷莫如爵鄉黨莫如齒蓋朝廷雖以","爵為上然未嘗廢齒也","居鄉以齒而老窮不遺強不犯弱眾不暴寡而弟達","乎州巷矣古之道五十不為甸徒頒禽隆諸長者而","弟達乎獀狩矣軍旅什伍同爵則尚齒而弟達乎軍","旅矣","又","天子設四學當入學而太子齒","注","四學虞夏殷週四代之學也太子齒謂太子與","同學者序長幼之位不以貴加人也","又","命齒於鄉里再命齒於族三命不齒","注","一命齒於鄉里非其鄉里則以爵而不以齒可","知再命齒於族非其族則以爵而不以齒亦可知","三命不齒雖於其族亦不得而齒之矣則鄉里又","可知","祭統","凡賜爵昭為一穆為一昭與昭齒穆與穆齒凡群有"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"司皆以齒此之謂長幼有序","paragraphs":["注","此旅酬時賜助祭者酒眾兄弟子孫等在昭列","者則為一色在穆列者自為一色各自相旅長者","在前少者在後是昭與昭齒穆與穆齒也方氏曰"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","title":"齒所以序長幼故曰此之謂長幼有序","paragraphs":["鄉飲酒義","鄉飲酒之禮六十者坐五十者立侍以聽政役所以","明尊長也六十者三豆七十者四豆八十者五豆九","十者六豆所以明養老也","釋名","釋長幼","人始生曰嬰兒胸前曰嬰抱之嬰前乳養之也或曰","嫛婗嫛是也言是人也婗其啼聲也故因以名之也","男任也典任事也","女如也婦人外成如人也故三從之義少如父教嫁","如夫命老如子言青徐州曰□□忤也始生時人意","不喜忤忤然也","兒始能行曰孺孺濡也言濡弱也","七年曰悼悼逃也知有廉恥隱逃其情也亦言是時","而死可傷悼也","毀齒曰□□洗也毀洗故齒更生新也","長萇也言體萇也","幼少也言生日少也","十五曰童故禮有陽童牛羊之無角者曰童山無草","木曰童言未巾冠似之也女子之未笄者亦稱之也","二十曰弱言柔弱也","三十曰壯言丁壯也","四十曰強言堅強也","五十曰艾艾治也治事能斷割芟刈無所疑也","六十曰耆耆指也不從力役指事使人也","七十曰耄頭"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"古今圖書整合91","section_title":"正文","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"古今圖書整合91","section_title":"司皆以齒此之謂長幼有序","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","chapter_title":"古今圖書整合91","section_title":"齒所以序長幼故曰此之謂長幼有序","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 古今圖書整合91\n年齒部匯考\n禮記\n曲禮\n人生十年曰幼學二十曰弱冠三十曰壯有室四十\n曰強而仕五十曰艾服官政六十曰耆指使七十曰\n老而傳八十九十曰耄七年曰悼悼與耄雖有罪不\n加刑焉百年曰期頤\n注\n朱子曰十年曰幼為句絕學字自為一句下至\n百年曰期皆然呂氏曰五十曰艾發之蒼白者如\n艾之色也古者四十始命之仕五十始命之服官\n政仕者為士以事人治官府之小事也服官政者\n為大夫以長人與聞邦國之大事者也才可用則\n使之仕德成乃命為大夫也耆者稽久之稱不自\n用力惟以指意使令人故曰指使傳謂傳家事於\n子也耄惛忘也悼憐愛也耄者老而知已衰悼者\n幼而知未及雖或有罪情不出於故故不加刑人\n壽以百年為期故曰期飲食居處動作無不待於\n養故曰頤\n大夫七十而致事若不得謝則必賜之几杖行役以\n婦人適四方乘安車自稱曰老夫於其國則稱名越\n國而問焉必告之以其制\n注\n致還其職事於君也不得謝謂君不許其致事\n也如辭謝代謝亦皆卻而退去之義幾所以馮杖\n所以倚賜之使自安適也婦人能養人故許自隨\n古者四馬之車立乘安車者一馬小車坐乘也老\n夫長老者之稱己國稱名者父母之邦不敢以尊\n者自居也一國有賢眾國所仰故越國而來問文\n獻不足則言禮無徵故必告之以其制言舉國之\n故事以答之也\n謀於長者必操几杖以從之長者問不辭讓而對非\n禮也\n注\n謀於長者謂往就長者而謀議所為也長者之\n前當執謙虛不辭讓非事長之禮應氏曰操几杖\n以從非謂長者所無也執弟子之役其禮然耳\n又\n年長以倍則父事之十年以長則兄事之五年以長\n則肩隨之\n注\n此泛言長少之序非謂親者\n群居五人則長者必異席\n注\n古者地敷橫席而容四人長者居席端若五人\n會則長者一人異席也\n又\n長者與之提攜則兩手奉長者之手負劍辟咡詔之\n則掩口而對\n注\n長者或從童子背後而俯首與之語則童子如\n負長者然長者以手挾童子於脅下則如帶劍然\n蓋長者俯與童子語有負劍之狀非真負劍也闢\n偏也咡口旁詔告語也掩口而對謂童子當以手\n障口氣而應對不敢使氣觸長者也\n又\n從長者而上丘陵則必鄉長者所視\n注\n鄉長者所視恐有問則即所見以對也\n又\n凡為長者糞之禮必加帚於箕上以袂拘而退其塵\n不及長者以箕自鄉而扱之\n侍坐於長者屨不上於堂解屨不敢當階就屨跪而\n舉之屏於側\n注\n侍長者之坐於堂故不敢以屨升若長者在室\n則屨得上堂而不得入室戶外有二屨是也解脫\n也\n鄉長者而屨跪而遷屨俯而納屨\n注\n此明少者禮畢退去為長者所送則於階側跪\n取屨稍移之面向長者而著之遷徙也就階側跪\n取稍移近前也俯而納者既取因俯身向長者而\n納足著之不跪者跪則足向後不便故俯也\n又\n侍食於長者主人親饋則拜而食主人不親饋則不\n拜而食\n注\n凡以稱禮之施而已\n又\n侍飲於長者酒進則起拜受於尊所長者辭少者反\n席而飲長者舉未釂少者不敢飲\n大\n全\n王氏曰禮莫嚴於少長之分至於飲食之際尤\n人情之所易縱故記禮者必致其委曲焉一飲之\n頃少之所以事長者如此其至凡所以習人敬順\n之心於平居無事之時其瀆尊犯分之念何自而\n有哉\n長者賜少者賤者不敢辭\n又\n御同於長者雖貳不辭偶坐不辭\n注\n御侍也貳益物也侍食者雖獲殽饌之重而不\n辭其多者以此饌本為長者設耳\n又\n問天子之年對曰聞之始服衣若干尺矣問國君之\n年長曰能從宗廟社稷之事矣幼曰未能從宗廟社\n稷之事也問大夫之子長曰能御矣幼曰未能御也\n問士之子長曰能典謁矣幼曰未能典謁也問庶人\n之子長曰能負薪矣幼曰未能負薪也\n內則\n子能食食教以右手能言男唯女俞男鞶革女鞶絲\n六年教之數與方名七年男女不同席不共食八年\n出入門戶及即席飲食必後長者始教之讓九年教\n之數日十年出就外傅居宿於外學書計衣不帛襦\n□禮帥初朝夕學幼儀請肄簡諒十有三年學樂誦\n詩舞勺成童舞象學射御二十而冠始學禮可以衣\n裘帛舞大夏惇行孝弟博學不教內而不出三十而\n有室始理男事博學無方孫友視志四十始仕方物\n出謀發慮道合則服從不可則去五十命為大夫服\n官政七十致事\n王制\n凡三王養老皆引年\n注\n四海之內老者眾矣安得人人而養之待國老\n庶老之禮畢即行引戶校年之令而恩賜其老者\n焉\n又\n父之齒隨行兄之齒雁行朋友不相逾\n注\n父之齒兄之齒謂其人年與父等或與兄等也\n隨行隨其後也雁行□行而稍後也朋友年相若\n則彼此不可相逾越而有先後言□行而齊也\n少儀\n問國君之子長幼長則曰能從社稷之事矣幼則曰\n能御未能御問大夫之子長幼長則曰能從樂人之\n事矣幼則曰能正於樂人未能正於樂人問士之子\n長幼長則曰能耕矣幼則曰能負薪未能負薪\n祭義\n昔者有虞氏貴德而尚齒夏后氏貴爵而尚齒殷人\n貴富而尚齒周人貴親而尚齒虞夏殷周天下之盛\n王也未有遺年者年之貴乎天下久矣次乎事親也\n注\n四代之治隨時救弊所貴雖不同而尚齒則同\n也未有遺年齒而不尚者齒居天下之達尊久矣\n老吾老以及人之老故尊高年次於事親也\n朝廷同爵則尚齒七十杖於朝君問則席八十不俟\n朝君問則就之而弟達乎朝廷矣\n大\n全\n方氏曰朝廷莫如爵鄉黨莫如齒蓋朝廷雖以\n爵為上然未嘗廢齒也\n居鄉以齒而老窮不遺強不犯弱眾不暴寡而弟達\n乎州巷矣古之道五十不為甸徒頒禽隆諸長者而\n弟達乎獀狩矣軍旅什伍同爵則尚齒而弟達乎軍\n旅矣\n又\n天子設四學當入學而太子齒\n注\n四學虞夏殷週四代之學也太子齒謂太子與\n同學者序長幼之位不以貴加人也\n又\n命齒於鄉里再命齒於族三命不齒\n注\n一命齒於鄉里非其鄉里則以爵而不以齒可\n知再命齒於族非其族則以爵而不以齒亦可知\n三命不齒雖於其族亦不得而齒之矣則鄉里又\n可知\n祭統\n凡賜爵昭為一穆為一昭與昭齒穆與穆齒凡群有\n## 司皆以齒此之謂長幼有序\n注\n此旅酬時賜助祭者酒眾兄弟子孫等在昭列\n者則為一色在穆列者自為一色各自相旅長者\n在前少者在後是昭與昭齒穆與穆齒也方氏曰\n## 齒所以序長幼故曰此之謂長幼有序\n鄉飲酒義\n鄉飲酒之禮六十者坐五十者立侍以聽政役所以\n明尊長也六十者三豆七十者四豆八十者五豆九\n十者六豆所以明養老也\n釋名\n釋長幼\n人始生曰嬰兒胸前曰嬰抱之嬰前乳養之也或曰\n嫛婗嫛是也言是人也婗其啼聲也故因以名之也\n男任也典任事也\n女如也婦人外成如人也故三從之義少如父教嫁\n如夫命老如子言青徐州曰□□忤也始生時人意\n不喜忤忤然也\n兒始能行曰孺孺濡也言濡弱也\n七年曰悼悼逃也知有廉恥隱逃其情也亦言是時\n而死可傷悼也\n毀齒曰□□洗也毀洗故齒更生新也\n長萇也言體萇也\n幼少也言生日少也\n十五曰童故禮有陽童牛羊之無角者曰童山無草\n木曰童言未巾冠似之也女子之未笄者亦稱之也\n二十曰弱言柔弱也\n三十曰壯言丁壯也\n四十曰強言堅強也\n五十曰艾艾治也治事能斷割芟刈無所疑也\n六十曰耆耆指也不從力役指事使人也\n七十曰耄頭","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}