{"resource_id":5837,"title":"古今图书集成80","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"古今圖書整合80","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["名字部總論","穀梁傳","名重父命","秋八月戊辰衛侯惡卒卿曰衛齊惡今曰衛侯惡此","何為君臣同名也君子不奪人名不奪人親之所名","重其所以來也王父名子也","注","不奪人名謂親之所名明臣雖欲改君不當聽","也君不聽臣易名者欲使重父命也父受命名於","王父王父卒則王父之命名之","疏","傳言王父則","祖也範雲欲使人重父命也者父命名於王父王","父卒則己命子","白虎通","姓名","人必有名何所以吐情自紀尊事人者也論語曰名","不正則言不順三月名之何天道一時物有變人生","三月目煦亦能笑與人相更答故因其始有知而名","之故禮服傳曰子生三月則父名之於祖廟於祖廟","者謂子之親廟也明當為宗祖主也一說名之於燕","寢名者幼少卑賤之稱也寡略故於燕寢禮內則曰","子生君沐浴朝服夫人亦如之立於阼階西南世婦","抱子升自西階君命之士適子執其右手庶子撫其","首君曰欽有帥夫人曰記有成告於四境四境者所","以遏絕萌芽禁備未然故曾子問曰世子生三月以","名告於祖禰內則記曰以名告于山川社稷四境天","子太子使士負子於南郊以桑弧蓬矢六射者何也","北男子之事也故先表其事然後食其祿必桑弧何","桑者相逢接之道也保傳曰天子生舉之以禮使士","負之者何齋肅端綏之郊見於天韓詩內傳曰太子","生以桑弧蓬矢六射上下四方明當有事天地四方","也殷以生日名子何殷家質故直以生日名子也以","尚書道殷家太甲帝武丁也於臣民亦得以生日名","子何亦不止也以尚書道殷臣有巫咸有祖己也何","以知諸侯不象王者以生日名子也以太王名亶父","王季名歷殷之諸侯也易曰帝乙謂成湯帝乙謂六","代孫也湯生於夏世何以用甲乙為名曰湯王后乃","更變名子孫法耳本名履故論語曰予小子履履湯","名也不以子醜何曰甲乙者幹也子醜者枝也幹為","本本質故以甲乙為名也名或兼或單何示非一也","或聽其聲以律定其名或依事傍其形故名或兼或","單也依其事者若后稷是也棄之因名之為棄也傍","其形者孔子首類魯國尼丘山故名為丘或傍其名","為之字者聞名即知其字聞字即知其名若名賜字","子貢名鯉字伯魚春秋譏二名何所以譏者乃謂其","無常者也若乍為名祿甫元言武庚名不以日月山","川為名者少賤卑己之稱也臣子當諱為物示通故","避之也曲禮曰二名不偏諱逮事父母則諱王父母","不逮父母則不諱王父母也君前不諱詩書不諱臨","文不諱郊廟不諱又曰君前臣名父前子名謂大夫","名卿弟名兄也明不敢諱於尊者前也太古之時所","不諱者何尚質也故臣子不言其君父之名故禮記","曰朝日上值不諱正天名也人所以十月而生者何","人天子之也經天地之數五故十月而備乃成人也","人生所以泣者何本一干而分得氣異息故泣重離","母之義也尚書曰啟呱呱泣也人拜所以自名者何","所以泣號自紀禮拜自後不自名何備陰陽也人所","以相拜者何所以表情見意屈節卑體尊事之者也","拜之言服也所以必再拜何法陰陽也尚書曰再拜","稽首也必稽首何敬之至也頭至地何以言首謂頭","也禮曰首有瘍則沐所以先拜首後稽首何名順其","文質也尚書曰周公拜首稽首人所以有字何冠德","明功敬成人也故禮士冠經曰賓北面字之曰伯某","甫又曰冠而字之敬其名也所以五十乃稱伯仲者","五十知天命思慮定也能順四時長幼之序故以伯","仲號之禮檀弓曰幼名冠字五十乃稱伯仲論語曰","五十而知天命稱號所以有四何法四時用事先後","長幼兄弟之象也故以時長幼號曰伯仲叔季也伯","者長也伯者子最長迫近父也仲者中也叔者少也","季者幼也適長稱伯伯禽是也庶長稱孟以魯大夫","孟氏男女異長各自有伯仲法陰陽各自有終始也","春秋傳曰伯姬者何內女稱也婦人十五稱伯仲何","婦人值少變陰陽道促蚤成十五通乎織之事思","慮定故許嫁笄而字故禮經曰女子十五許嫁笄禮","之稱字之婦姓以配字何明不娶同姓也故春秋曰","伯姬歸於宋姬者姓也值字所以於仲春何值者親","故近於仲文子尊尊故於伯仲之時物尚值叔之時","物失之章即如是周有八士論語曰伯達伯適仲突","仲忽叔夜叔夏季隨季騧積於叔何蓋以兩兩俱生","故也不積於伯季明其無二也文王十子詩傳曰伯","邑考武王發周公旦管叔鮮蔡叔鐸成叔處霍叔武","康叔封南季載載所以或上其叔何也管蔡霍成康","南皆採也故上置叔下伯邑叔震也以獨無乎蓋以","為大夫者不是采地也","此篇原本多訛字無","別本可校姑從闕疑","顏氏家訓","風操篇","禮雲見似目瞿聞名心瞿有所感觸惻愴心眼若在","從容平常之地幸須申其情耳必不可避亦當忍之","猶如伯叔兄弟酷類先人可得終身腸斷與之絕耶","又臨文不諱廟中不諱君所無私諱蓋知聞名須有","訊息不必期於顛沛而走也梁世謝舉甚有聲譽聞","諱必哭為世所譏又臧逢世臧嚴之子也篤學修行","不墜門風孝元經牧江州遣往建昌督事郡縣民庶","競修箋書朝夕輻輳几案盈積書有稱嚴寒者必對","之流涕不省取記多廢公事物情怨駭竟以不辦而","還此□過事也近在楊都有一士人諱審而與沈氏","交結周厚沈與其書名而不姓此非人情也凡避諱","者皆須得其同訓以代換之桓公名白博有五皓之","稱厲王名長琴有修短之目不聞謂布帛為布皓呼","腎腸為腎修也梁武帝小名阿練子孫皆呼練為絹","乃謂銷煉物為銷絹物恐乖其義或有諱雲者呼紛","紜為紛煙有諱桐者呼梧桐樹為白鐵樹便似戲笑","耳周公名子曰禽孔子名兒曰鯉止在其身自可無","禁至若衛侯魏公子楚太子皆名蟣蝨長卿名犬子","王脩名狗子上有連及理未為通古之所行今之所","笑也北土多有名兒為驢駒豚子者使其自稱及兄","弟所名亦何忍哉前漢有尹翁歸後漢有鄭翁歸梁","家亦有孔翁歸又有顧翁寵晉代有許思妣孟少孤","如此名字幸當避之今人避諱更急於古名子者當","為孫地吾親識中有諱襄諱友諱同諱清諱和諱禹","交疏造次一座百犯聞者辛苦無聊賴焉昔司馬長","卿慕藺相如故名相如顧元歆慕蔡邕故名雍而後","漢有朱張字孫卿許暹字顏回梁世有庾晏嬰祖孫","登連古人姓為名字亦鄙事也昔劉文饒不忍罵奴","為畜產今世愚人遂以相戲或有指名為豚犢者有","識傍觀猶欲掩耳況名之者乎近在議曹共平章百","官秩祿有一顯貴當世名臣意嫌所議過厚齊朝有","一兩士族文學之人謂此貴曰今日天下大同須為","百代典式豈得尚作關中舊意乎明公定是陶朱公","大兒耳彼此歡笑不以為嫌","古者名以正體字以表德名終則諱之字乃可以為","孫氏孔子弟子記事者皆稱仲尼呂后微時嘗字高","祖為季至漢袁種字其叔父曰絲王丹與侯霸子語","字霸為君房江南至今不諱字也河北士人全不辨","之名亦呼為字字固因呼為字尚書王元之兄弟皆","號名人其父名雲字羅漢一皆諱之其餘不足怪也","劉絛緩綏兄弟併為名器其父名昭一生不為照字","唯依爾雅火傍作召耳然凡文與正諱相犯當自可","避其有同音異字不可悉然劉字之下即有昭音呂","尚之兒如不為上趙壹之子儻不作一便是下筆即","妨是書皆觸也嘗有甲"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"古今圖書整合80","section_title":"正文","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 古今圖書整合80\n名字部總論\n穀梁傳\n名重父命\n秋八月戊辰衛侯惡卒卿曰衛齊惡今曰衛侯惡此\n何為君臣同名也君子不奪人名不奪人親之所名\n重其所以來也王父名子也\n注\n不奪人名謂親之所名明臣雖欲改君不當聽\n也君不聽臣易名者欲使重父命也父受命名於\n王父王父卒則王父之命名之\n疏\n傳言王父則\n祖也範雲欲使人重父命也者父命名於王父王\n父卒則己命子\n白虎通\n姓名\n人必有名何所以吐情自紀尊事人者也論語曰名\n不正則言不順三月名之何天道一時物有變人生\n三月目煦亦能笑與人相更答故因其始有知而名\n之故禮服傳曰子生三月則父名之於祖廟於祖廟\n者謂子之親廟也明當為宗祖主也一說名之於燕\n寢名者幼少卑賤之稱也寡略故於燕寢禮內則曰\n子生君沐浴朝服夫人亦如之立於阼階西南世婦\n抱子升自西階君命之士適子執其右手庶子撫其\n首君曰欽有帥夫人曰記有成告於四境四境者所\n以遏絕萌芽禁備未然故曾子問曰世子生三月以\n名告於祖禰內則記曰以名告于山川社稷四境天\n子太子使士負子於南郊以桑弧蓬矢六射者何也\n北男子之事也故先表其事然後食其祿必桑弧何\n桑者相逢接之道也保傳曰天子生舉之以禮使士\n負之者何齋肅端綏之郊見於天韓詩內傳曰太子\n生以桑弧蓬矢六射上下四方明當有事天地四方\n也殷以生日名子何殷家質故直以生日名子也以\n尚書道殷家太甲帝武丁也於臣民亦得以生日名\n子何亦不止也以尚書道殷臣有巫咸有祖己也何\n以知諸侯不象王者以生日名子也以太王名亶父\n王季名歷殷之諸侯也易曰帝乙謂成湯帝乙謂六\n代孫也湯生於夏世何以用甲乙為名曰湯王后乃\n更變名子孫法耳本名履故論語曰予小子履履湯\n名也不以子醜何曰甲乙者幹也子醜者枝也幹為\n本本質故以甲乙為名也名或兼或單何示非一也\n或聽其聲以律定其名或依事傍其形故名或兼或\n單也依其事者若后稷是也棄之因名之為棄也傍\n其形者孔子首類魯國尼丘山故名為丘或傍其名\n為之字者聞名即知其字聞字即知其名若名賜字\n子貢名鯉字伯魚春秋譏二名何所以譏者乃謂其\n無常者也若乍為名祿甫元言武庚名不以日月山\n川為名者少賤卑己之稱也臣子當諱為物示通故\n避之也曲禮曰二名不偏諱逮事父母則諱王父母\n不逮父母則不諱王父母也君前不諱詩書不諱臨\n文不諱郊廟不諱又曰君前臣名父前子名謂大夫\n名卿弟名兄也明不敢諱於尊者前也太古之時所\n不諱者何尚質也故臣子不言其君父之名故禮記\n曰朝日上值不諱正天名也人所以十月而生者何\n人天子之也經天地之數五故十月而備乃成人也\n人生所以泣者何本一干而分得氣異息故泣重離\n母之義也尚書曰啟呱呱泣也人拜所以自名者何\n所以泣號自紀禮拜自後不自名何備陰陽也人所\n以相拜者何所以表情見意屈節卑體尊事之者也\n拜之言服也所以必再拜何法陰陽也尚書曰再拜\n稽首也必稽首何敬之至也頭至地何以言首謂頭\n也禮曰首有瘍則沐所以先拜首後稽首何名順其\n文質也尚書曰周公拜首稽首人所以有字何冠德\n明功敬成人也故禮士冠經曰賓北面字之曰伯某\n甫又曰冠而字之敬其名也所以五十乃稱伯仲者\n五十知天命思慮定也能順四時長幼之序故以伯\n仲號之禮檀弓曰幼名冠字五十乃稱伯仲論語曰\n五十而知天命稱號所以有四何法四時用事先後\n長幼兄弟之象也故以時長幼號曰伯仲叔季也伯\n者長也伯者子最長迫近父也仲者中也叔者少也\n季者幼也適長稱伯伯禽是也庶長稱孟以魯大夫\n孟氏男女異長各自有伯仲法陰陽各自有終始也\n春秋傳曰伯姬者何內女稱也婦人十五稱伯仲何\n婦人值少變陰陽道促蚤成十五通乎織之事思\n慮定故許嫁笄而字故禮經曰女子十五許嫁笄禮\n之稱字之婦姓以配字何明不娶同姓也故春秋曰\n伯姬歸於宋姬者姓也值字所以於仲春何值者親\n故近於仲文子尊尊故於伯仲之時物尚值叔之時\n物失之章即如是周有八士論語曰伯達伯適仲突\n仲忽叔夜叔夏季隨季騧積於叔何蓋以兩兩俱生\n故也不積於伯季明其無二也文王十子詩傳曰伯\n邑考武王發周公旦管叔鮮蔡叔鐸成叔處霍叔武\n康叔封南季載載所以或上其叔何也管蔡霍成康\n南皆採也故上置叔下伯邑叔震也以獨無乎蓋以\n為大夫者不是采地也\n此篇原本多訛字無\n別本可校姑從闕疑\n顏氏家訓\n風操篇\n禮雲見似目瞿聞名心瞿有所感觸惻愴心眼若在\n從容平常之地幸須申其情耳必不可避亦當忍之\n猶如伯叔兄弟酷類先人可得終身腸斷與之絕耶\n又臨文不諱廟中不諱君所無私諱蓋知聞名須有\n訊息不必期於顛沛而走也梁世謝舉甚有聲譽聞\n諱必哭為世所譏又臧逢世臧嚴之子也篤學修行\n不墜門風孝元經牧江州遣往建昌督事郡縣民庶\n競修箋書朝夕輻輳几案盈積書有稱嚴寒者必對\n之流涕不省取記多廢公事物情怨駭竟以不辦而\n還此□過事也近在楊都有一士人諱審而與沈氏\n交結周厚沈與其書名而不姓此非人情也凡避諱\n者皆須得其同訓以代換之桓公名白博有五皓之\n稱厲王名長琴有修短之目不聞謂布帛為布皓呼\n腎腸為腎修也梁武帝小名阿練子孫皆呼練為絹\n乃謂銷煉物為銷絹物恐乖其義或有諱雲者呼紛\n紜為紛煙有諱桐者呼梧桐樹為白鐵樹便似戲笑\n耳周公名子曰禽孔子名兒曰鯉止在其身自可無\n禁至若衛侯魏公子楚太子皆名蟣蝨長卿名犬子\n王脩名狗子上有連及理未為通古之所行今之所\n笑也北土多有名兒為驢駒豚子者使其自稱及兄\n弟所名亦何忍哉前漢有尹翁歸後漢有鄭翁歸梁\n家亦有孔翁歸又有顧翁寵晉代有許思妣孟少孤\n如此名字幸當避之今人避諱更急於古名子者當\n為孫地吾親識中有諱襄諱友諱同諱清諱和諱禹\n交疏造次一座百犯聞者辛苦無聊賴焉昔司馬長\n卿慕藺相如故名相如顧元歆慕蔡邕故名雍而後\n漢有朱張字孫卿許暹字顏回梁世有庾晏嬰祖孫\n登連古人姓為名字亦鄙事也昔劉文饒不忍罵奴\n為畜產今世愚人遂以相戲或有指名為豚犢者有\n識傍觀猶欲掩耳況名之者乎近在議曹共平章百\n官秩祿有一顯貴當世名臣意嫌所議過厚齊朝有\n一兩士族文學之人謂此貴曰今日天下大同須為\n百代典式豈得尚作關中舊意乎明公定是陶朱公\n大兒耳彼此歡笑不以為嫌\n古者名以正體字以表德名終則諱之字乃可以為\n孫氏孔子弟子記事者皆稱仲尼呂后微時嘗字高\n祖為季至漢袁種字其叔父曰絲王丹與侯霸子語\n字霸為君房江南至今不諱字也河北士人全不辨\n之名亦呼為字字固因呼為字尚書王元之兄弟皆\n號名人其父名雲字羅漢一皆諱之其餘不足怪也\n劉絛緩綏兄弟併為名器其父名昭一生不為照字\n唯依爾雅火傍作召耳然凡文與正諱相犯當自可\n避其有同音異字不可悉然劉字之下即有昭音呂\n尚之兒如不為上趙壹之子儻不作一便是下筆即\n妨是書皆觸也嘗有甲","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}