{"resource_id":5799,"title":"古今图书集成42","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"古今圖書整合42","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["讒謗部總論","易經","繫辭下","誣善之人其辭遊","大","全","誣善者謂謗善為惡言語不實如物在水上浮","遊不定","書經","虞書舜典","帝曰龍朕堲讒說殄行震驚朕師","大","全","堲疾殄絕也殄行者謂傷絕善人之事也師眾","也謂其言之不正而能變亂黑白以駭眾聽也陳","氏經曰讒人無世無之雖唐虞極治而巧言孔壬","猶所可畏豈可謂此時遂無此事","爾雅","釋訓","謔謔謞謞崇讒慝也","注","樂禍助虐增譖惡也","疏","崇增也慝惡也舍人曰","謔謔謞謞皆盛烈貌孫炎曰厲王暴虐大臣謔謔","謞謞然盛以興讒惡也","韓詩外傳","舌端","傳曰鳥之美羽勾啄者鳥畏之魚之侈口垂腴者魚","畏之人之利口贍辭者人畏之是以君子避三端避","文士之筆端避武士之鋒端避辯士之舌端詩曰我","友敬矣讒言其興","淮南子","說山訓","滅非者戶告之曰我實不與我諛亂謗乃愈起止言","以言止事以事譬猶揚堁而弭塵抱薪而救火流言","雪汙譬猶以涅拭素也","陸賈新語","輔政篇","天道以大制小以重顛輕以小治大亂度幹貞讒夫","似賢美言似信聽之者惑觀之者冥故蘇秦尊於諸","侯商鞅顯於西秦世無賢知之君孰能別其形故堯","放歡兜仲尼誅少正卯甘言之所嘉","缺","一字","不為之傾","惟堯知其實仲尼見其情故甘聖王者誅遏言君者","刑遭凡王者貴觸亂世者榮鄭儋亡齊而歸魯齊有","九合之名而魯有干時之恥夫據千乘之國而信讒","佞之計未有不亡者也故詩云讒人罔極交亂四國","眾邪合黨以回人君邦危民亡不亦宜乎"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"劉向新序","paragraphs":["雜事","人君莫不求賢以自輔然而國以亂亡者所謂賢者","不賢也或使賢者為之與不肖者議之使智者圖之","與愚者謀之不肖嫉賢愚者嫉智是賢者之所以隔","蔽也所以千載不合者也或不肖用賢而不能久也","或久而不能終也或不肖子廢賢父之忠臣其禍敗","難一二錄也然其要在於己不明而聽眾口譖訴不","行斯為明也魏龐恭與太子質於邯鄲謂魏王曰今","一人來言市中有虎王信之乎王曰否曰二人言王","信之乎曰寡人疑矣曰三人言王信之乎曰寡人信","之矣龐恭曰夫市之無虎明矣三人言而成虎今邯","鄲去魏遠於市議臣者過三人願王察之魏王曰寡","人知之矣及龐恭自邯鄲反讒口果至遂不得見","王充論衡","累害","凡人仕宦有稽留不進行節有毀傷不全罪過有累","積不除聲名有闇昧不明才非下行非悖也又知非","昏策非昧也逢遭外禍累害之也非惟人行萬物皆","然生動之類鹹被累害累害自外不由其內夫不本","累害所從生起而徒歸責於被累害者知不明闇塞","於理者也物以春生人保之以秋成人必不能保之","卒然牛馬踐根刀鐮割莖生者不育至秋不成不成","之類遇害不遂不得生也夫鼠涉飯中捐而不食捐","飯之味與彼不汙者鈞以鼠為害棄而不御君子之","累害與彼不育之物不御之飯同一實也俱由外來","故為累害修身正行不能來福戰慄戒慎不能避禍","禍福之至幸不幸也故曰得非己力故謂之福來不","由我故謂之禍不由我者謂之何由由鄉里與朝廷","也夫鄉里有三累朝廷有三害累生於鄉里害發於","朝廷古今才洪行淑之人遇此多矣何謂三累三害","凡人操行不能慎擇友友同心恩篤異心疏薄疏薄","怨恨毀傷其行一累也人才高下不能鈞同同時並","進高者得榮下者慚恚毀傷其行二累也人之交遊","不能常歡歡則相親忿則疏遠疏遠怨恨毀傷其行","三累也位少人眾仕者爭進進者爭位見將相毀增","加傅致將昧不明然納其言一害也將吏異好清濁","殊操清吏增鬱郁之白舉涓涓之言濁吏懷恚恨徐","求其過因纖微之謗被以罪罰二害也將或幸佐吏","之身納信其言佐吏非清節必拔人越次迕失其意","毀之過度清正之士抗行伸志遂為所憎毀傷於將","三害也夫未進也身被三累已用也身蒙三害雖孔","丘墨翟不能自免顏回曾參不能全身也動百行作","萬事嫉妒之人隨而云起枳棘鉤掛容體□蠆之黨","啄螫懷操豈徒六哉六者章章世曾不見夫不原士","之操行有三累仕宦有三害身完全者謂之潔被毀","謗者謂之辱官升進者謂之善位廢退者謂之惡完","全升進幸也而稱之毀謗廢過不遇也而訾之用心","若此必為三累三害也論者既不知累害者行賢潔","也以塗搏泥以黑點繒孰有知之清受塵白取垢青","蠅所汙常在練素處顛者危勢豐者虧頹墜之類常","在懸垂屈平潔白邑犬群吠吠所怪也非俊疑傑固","庸能也偉士坐以俊傑之才招致群吠之聲夫如是","豈宜更勉奴下循不肖哉不肖奴下非所勉也豈宜","更偶俗全身以弭謗哉偶俗全身則鄉原也鄉原之","人行全無闕非之無舉刺之無刺也此又孔子之所","罪孟軻之所愆也古賢美極無以衛身故循性行以","俟累害者果賢潔之人也極累害之謗而賢潔之實","見焉立賢潔之跡毀謗之塵安得不生弦者思折伯","牙之指御者願摧王良之手何則欲專良善之名惡","彼之勝己也是故魏女色豔鄭袖鼻之朝吳忠貞無","忌逐之戚施彌妒籧除多佞是故溼堂不灑塵卑屋","不蔽風風衝之物不得育水湍之岸不得峭如是牖","裡陳蔡可得知而沈江蹈河也以軼才取容媚於俗","求全功名干將不遭鄧析之禍取子胥之誅幸矣孟","賁之屍人不刃者氣絕也死灰百斛人不沃者光滅","也動身章智顯光氣於世奮志傲黨立卓異於俗固","常通人所讒嫉也以方心偶俗之累求益反損蓋孔","子所以憂心孟軻所以惆悵也德鴻者招謗為士者","多口以休熾之聲彌口舌之患求無危傾之害遠矣","臧倉之毀未嘗絕也公伯寮之訴未嘗滅也垤成丘","山汙為江河毫髮之善小人不得有也以玷汙言之","清受塵而白取垢以毀謗言之貞良見妒高奇見噪","以遇罪言之忠言招患高行招恥以不純言之玉有","瑕而珠有毀焦陳留君兄名稱兗州行完跡潔無纖","芥之毀及其當為從事刺史焦康絀而不用夫未進","也被三累已用也蒙三害雖孔丘墨翟不能自免顏","回曾參不能全身也何則眾好純譽之人非真賢也","公侯已下玉石雜糅賢士之行善惡相苞夫採玉者","破石拔玉選士者棄惡取善夫如是累害之人負世","以行指擊之者從何往哉","答佞","問曰佞與讒者同道乎有以異乎曰讒與佞俱小人","也同道異材俱以嫉妒為性而施行發動之異讒以","口害人佞以事危人讒人以直道不違佞人作違匿","端讒人無詐慮佞人有術數故人君皆能遠讒親仁","莫能知賢別佞難曰人君皆能遠讒親仁而莫能知","賢別佞然則佞人意不可知乎曰佞可知人君不能","知庸庸之君不能知賢不能知賢不能知佞惟聖賢","之人以九德檢其行以事效考其言行不合於九德","言不驗於事效人非賢則佞矣夫知佞以知賢知賢","以知佞知佞則賢智自覺知賢則奸佞自得賢佞異","行考之一驗情心不同觀之一實","劉子","傷讒","譽者揚善之樞也毀者宣惡之機也揚善生於性美","宣惡出於情妒性美以成物為情妒以傷人為務","故譽以論善則辭以極善為功毀以譽過則言以窮","惡為巧何者俗人好奇不奇不用也譽人不增其義","則聞者不快於心毀人不益其惡則聽者不滿於耳","代之善人少而惡人多則譽者寂寞而讒者喧譁是","以洗垢求痕吹毛覓瑕揮空為有轉黑為白提輕當","重引寸至尺墨子所以悲素絲楊朱所以泣岐路以"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"古今圖書整合42","section_title":"正文","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"古今圖書整合42","section_title":"劉向新序","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 古今圖書整合42\n讒謗部總論\n易經\n繫辭下\n誣善之人其辭遊\n大\n全\n誣善者謂謗善為惡言語不實如物在水上浮\n遊不定\n書經\n虞書舜典\n帝曰龍朕堲讒說殄行震驚朕師\n大\n全\n堲疾殄絕也殄行者謂傷絕善人之事也師眾\n也謂其言之不正而能變亂黑白以駭眾聽也陳\n氏經曰讒人無世無之雖唐虞極治而巧言孔壬\n猶所可畏豈可謂此時遂無此事\n爾雅\n釋訓\n謔謔謞謞崇讒慝也\n注\n樂禍助虐增譖惡也\n疏\n崇增也慝惡也舍人曰\n謔謔謞謞皆盛烈貌孫炎曰厲王暴虐大臣謔謔\n謞謞然盛以興讒惡也\n韓詩外傳\n舌端\n傳曰鳥之美羽勾啄者鳥畏之魚之侈口垂腴者魚\n畏之人之利口贍辭者人畏之是以君子避三端避\n文士之筆端避武士之鋒端避辯士之舌端詩曰我\n友敬矣讒言其興\n淮南子\n說山訓\n滅非者戶告之曰我實不與我諛亂謗乃愈起止言\n以言止事以事譬猶揚堁而弭塵抱薪而救火流言\n雪汙譬猶以涅拭素也\n陸賈新語\n輔政篇\n天道以大制小以重顛輕以小治大亂度幹貞讒夫\n似賢美言似信聽之者惑觀之者冥故蘇秦尊於諸\n侯商鞅顯於西秦世無賢知之君孰能別其形故堯\n放歡兜仲尼誅少正卯甘言之所嘉\n缺\n一字\n不為之傾\n惟堯知其實仲尼見其情故甘聖王者誅遏言君者\n刑遭凡王者貴觸亂世者榮鄭儋亡齊而歸魯齊有\n九合之名而魯有干時之恥夫據千乘之國而信讒\n佞之計未有不亡者也故詩云讒人罔極交亂四國\n眾邪合黨以回人君邦危民亡不亦宜乎\n## 劉向新序\n雜事\n人君莫不求賢以自輔然而國以亂亡者所謂賢者\n不賢也或使賢者為之與不肖者議之使智者圖之\n與愚者謀之不肖嫉賢愚者嫉智是賢者之所以隔\n蔽也所以千載不合者也或不肖用賢而不能久也\n或久而不能終也或不肖子廢賢父之忠臣其禍敗\n難一二錄也然其要在於己不明而聽眾口譖訴不\n行斯為明也魏龐恭與太子質於邯鄲謂魏王曰今\n一人來言市中有虎王信之乎王曰否曰二人言王\n信之乎曰寡人疑矣曰三人言王信之乎曰寡人信\n之矣龐恭曰夫市之無虎明矣三人言而成虎今邯\n鄲去魏遠於市議臣者過三人願王察之魏王曰寡\n人知之矣及龐恭自邯鄲反讒口果至遂不得見\n王充論衡\n累害\n凡人仕宦有稽留不進行節有毀傷不全罪過有累\n積不除聲名有闇昧不明才非下行非悖也又知非\n昏策非昧也逢遭外禍累害之也非惟人行萬物皆\n然生動之類鹹被累害累害自外不由其內夫不本\n累害所從生起而徒歸責於被累害者知不明闇塞\n於理者也物以春生人保之以秋成人必不能保之\n卒然牛馬踐根刀鐮割莖生者不育至秋不成不成\n之類遇害不遂不得生也夫鼠涉飯中捐而不食捐\n飯之味與彼不汙者鈞以鼠為害棄而不御君子之\n累害與彼不育之物不御之飯同一實也俱由外來\n故為累害修身正行不能來福戰慄戒慎不能避禍\n禍福之至幸不幸也故曰得非己力故謂之福來不\n由我故謂之禍不由我者謂之何由由鄉里與朝廷\n也夫鄉里有三累朝廷有三害累生於鄉里害發於\n朝廷古今才洪行淑之人遇此多矣何謂三累三害\n凡人操行不能慎擇友友同心恩篤異心疏薄疏薄\n怨恨毀傷其行一累也人才高下不能鈞同同時並\n進高者得榮下者慚恚毀傷其行二累也人之交遊\n不能常歡歡則相親忿則疏遠疏遠怨恨毀傷其行\n三累也位少人眾仕者爭進進者爭位見將相毀增\n加傅致將昧不明然納其言一害也將吏異好清濁\n殊操清吏增鬱郁之白舉涓涓之言濁吏懷恚恨徐\n求其過因纖微之謗被以罪罰二害也將或幸佐吏\n之身納信其言佐吏非清節必拔人越次迕失其意\n毀之過度清正之士抗行伸志遂為所憎毀傷於將\n三害也夫未進也身被三累已用也身蒙三害雖孔\n丘墨翟不能自免顏回曾參不能全身也動百行作\n萬事嫉妒之人隨而云起枳棘鉤掛容體□蠆之黨\n啄螫懷操豈徒六哉六者章章世曾不見夫不原士\n之操行有三累仕宦有三害身完全者謂之潔被毀\n謗者謂之辱官升進者謂之善位廢退者謂之惡完\n全升進幸也而稱之毀謗廢過不遇也而訾之用心\n若此必為三累三害也論者既不知累害者行賢潔\n也以塗搏泥以黑點繒孰有知之清受塵白取垢青\n蠅所汙常在練素處顛者危勢豐者虧頹墜之類常\n在懸垂屈平潔白邑犬群吠吠所怪也非俊疑傑固\n庸能也偉士坐以俊傑之才招致群吠之聲夫如是\n豈宜更勉奴下循不肖哉不肖奴下非所勉也豈宜\n更偶俗全身以弭謗哉偶俗全身則鄉原也鄉原之\n人行全無闕非之無舉刺之無刺也此又孔子之所\n罪孟軻之所愆也古賢美極無以衛身故循性行以\n俟累害者果賢潔之人也極累害之謗而賢潔之實\n見焉立賢潔之跡毀謗之塵安得不生弦者思折伯\n牙之指御者願摧王良之手何則欲專良善之名惡\n彼之勝己也是故魏女色豔鄭袖鼻之朝吳忠貞無\n忌逐之戚施彌妒籧除多佞是故溼堂不灑塵卑屋\n不蔽風風衝之物不得育水湍之岸不得峭如是牖\n裡陳蔡可得知而沈江蹈河也以軼才取容媚於俗\n求全功名干將不遭鄧析之禍取子胥之誅幸矣孟\n賁之屍人不刃者氣絕也死灰百斛人不沃者光滅\n也動身章智顯光氣於世奮志傲黨立卓異於俗固\n常通人所讒嫉也以方心偶俗之累求益反損蓋孔\n子所以憂心孟軻所以惆悵也德鴻者招謗為士者\n多口以休熾之聲彌口舌之患求無危傾之害遠矣\n臧倉之毀未嘗絕也公伯寮之訴未嘗滅也垤成丘\n山汙為江河毫髮之善小人不得有也以玷汙言之\n清受塵而白取垢以毀謗言之貞良見妒高奇見噪\n以遇罪言之忠言招患高行招恥以不純言之玉有\n瑕而珠有毀焦陳留君兄名稱兗州行完跡潔無纖\n芥之毀及其當為從事刺史焦康絀而不用夫未進\n也被三累已用也蒙三害雖孔丘墨翟不能自免顏\n回曾參不能全身也何則眾好純譽之人非真賢也\n公侯已下玉石雜糅賢士之行善惡相苞夫採玉者\n破石拔玉選士者棄惡取善夫如是累害之人負世\n以行指擊之者從何往哉\n答佞\n問曰佞與讒者同道乎有以異乎曰讒與佞俱小人\n也同道異材俱以嫉妒為性而施行發動之異讒以\n口害人佞以事危人讒人以直道不違佞人作違匿\n端讒人無詐慮佞人有術數故人君皆能遠讒親仁\n莫能知賢別佞難曰人君皆能遠讒親仁而莫能知\n賢別佞然則佞人意不可知乎曰佞可知人君不能\n知庸庸之君不能知賢不能知賢不能知佞惟聖賢\n之人以九德檢其行以事效考其言行不合於九德\n言不驗於事效人非賢則佞矣夫知佞以知賢知賢\n以知佞知佞則賢智自覺知賢則奸佞自得賢佞異\n行考之一驗情心不同觀之一實\n劉子\n傷讒\n譽者揚善之樞也毀者宣惡之機也揚善生於性美\n宣惡出於情妒性美以成物為情妒以傷人為務\n故譽以論善則辭以極善為功毀以譽過則言以窮\n惡為巧何者俗人好奇不奇不用也譽人不增其義\n則聞者不快於心毀人不益其惡則聽者不滿於耳\n代之善人少而惡人多則譽者寂寞而讒者喧譁是\n以洗垢求痕吹毛覓瑕揮空為有轉黑為白提輕當\n重引寸至尺墨子所以悲素絲楊朱所以泣岐路以","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}