{"resource_id":5788,"title":"古今图书集成31","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"古今圖書整合31","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["朋友部匯考","禮記","曲禮","寡婦之子非有見焉弗與為友","陳","注","有見才能卓異也若非有好德之實則難以避","好色之嫌故謹之","又","父母存不許友以死","陳","注","不許友以死謂不為其友報讎也親在而以身","許人是有忘親之心","檀弓","曾子曰朋友之墓有宿草而不哭焉","陳","注","草根陳宿是期年之外可無哭矣","周禮","天官","太宰以九兩系邦國之民八曰友以任得民","注","鄉田同井合志之友能保任民自不忍棄故以","任得民","疏","友以任使知人道之交不可間也","地官","大司徒以本俗六安萬民五曰聯朋友","注","鄉田同井學校同藝","疏","同師曰朋同志曰友朋","友之交在師儒以下但朋疏而多友親而少尚書","泰誓我友邦冢君是謂諸侯為友洛誥雲孺子其","朋謂群臣為朋也","又","以鄉三物教萬民二曰六行孝友睦□任恤","注","任信於朋友","疏","朋友有道德者則任信之","以鄉八刑糾萬民五曰不任之刑","師氏掌教國子三行二曰友行以尊賢良","注","君子以友輔仁故友行次之","司諫掌糾萬民之德而勸之朋友正其行而強之道","藝巡問而觀察之以時書其德行道藝辨其能而可","任於國事者以考鄉里之治以詔廢置以行赦宥","注","司諫以道諫正人之行者德成於朋友糾其德","而使之無謬戾勸之朋友則使之致力以相輔也","疏","勸之朋友欲其同志以輔仁也","□","朋友部總論","易經","豫卦","九四由豫大有得勿疑朋盍簪","程","傳","四居大臣之位獨當上之倚任而下□同德之","助所以疑也惟當盡其至誠勿有疑慮則朋類自","當益聚","復卦","復亨出入□疾朋來□咎","程","傳","君子之道既消而復豈能便勝於小人必待其","朋類漸盛則能協力以勝之也","大","全","或問復一陽動","於下而云朋來□咎何也朱子曰方一陽生未有","朋類畢竟是陽長將次並進以其為君子之道故","亨通而□咎也","解卦","九四解而拇朋至斯孚","程","傳","居上位而親小人則賢人正士遠退矣斥去小","人則君子之党進而誠相得也四能解去初六之","陰柔則君子之朋來至而誠合矣","東巖","易傳","四德不若","震初之陽朋陽之來明德益修五動以應誠意交","通然後生化之功自是興也嗚呼大臣居解惟患","不得其朋而已得我朋也而□之遠之則非但不","能格君心中才之君豈能無疑於我哉戒之哉","象曰解而拇未當位也","程","傳","解者本合而離之也必解拇而後朋孚蓋君子","之交而小人容於其間是與君子之誠未至也","兌卦","象曰麗澤兌君子以朋友講習","程","傳","兩澤相麗交相浸潤互有滋益之象故君子觀","其象而以朋友講習互相益也先儒謂天下之可","說莫若朋友講習講習固可說之大者然當明相","益之象","大","全","進齋徐氏曰天下之至可說者□如朋","友講習講而不習則言語徒詳綢繹□得雖曰為","學亦將枯燥生澀而□可嗜之味危殆杌捏而□","可即之安矣豈能終悅懌於心乎故必從容論說","以講之於先又必切實體驗以習之於後則心與","理相涵而所知者益精身與事相安而所能者益","固麗澤之益庶乎其有相資之實而真說在我矣","禮記","緇衣","子曰唯君子能好其正小人毒其正故君子之朋友","有鄉其惡有方是故邇者不惑而遠者不疑也詩云","君子好仇","注","正當為匹匹謂知識朋友鄉方喻輩類也小人","僥利其友無常也邇近也仇匹也","疏","此一節明其","朋匹之事以下雲君子好仇故此正為匹也君子","所親朋友及所惡之人皆有輩類故善者與之交","不以榮枯為異不善者則憎惡之言有常也好惡","有定可望貌而知故近不惑而遠不疑也","集","說","藍田","呂氏曰鄉人皆好之未可也鄉人皆惡之未可也","不如鄉人之善者好之其不善者惡之蓋善者好","之由君子所好者善也不善者惡之由君子所惡","者不善也君子之好不可以非其人故曰朋友有","鄉所惡不可以及善人故曰其惡有方蓋君子所","好者皆正小人所惡亦皆正故曰君子能好其正","小人毒其正好惡既明亦歸於一此遠邇所以不","疑惑也詩云君子好仇讎匹也其匹者皆好也先","儒以好其正毒其正皆當為匹只作正字亦可","長樂陳氏曰君子周而不比其取友也必端故言","能好其正小人比而不周其交也皆其類而已故　毒其正蓋君子小人道相異也故君子好之而小","人毒之鄉也方也皆言其所聚善惡各以類而善","不同於惡惡不同於善故能成其信是以朋友之","邇於我者信我之深而不惑其遠於我者亦信之","而不疑矣邇者不惑儒行所謂並立則樂相下不","厭也遠者不疑儒行所謂久不相見聞流言不信","其行也　嚴陵方氏曰君子非特其身正而已於","正人又能好而與之小人非特身不正而已於正","人又且毒而害之此君子小人好惡之辨也朋友","有鄉其惡有方者以言取捨之有常也　馬氏曰","君子之朋友有鄉所謂直也諒也多聞也其惡有","方所謂便辟也善柔也便佞也朋友有鄉君子所","以致其好也其惡有方君子所以致其惡也　廬","陵胡氏曰君子正直是與故好之小人惡直醜正","故毒之故曰君子居必擇鄉遊必擇士所以防邪","闢而近中正也","子曰輕絕貧賤而重絕富貴則好賢不堅而惡惡不","著也人雖曰不利吾不信也詩云朋友攸攝攝以威","儀","注","雖曰不利吾不信也言此近微利也攸所也言","朋友以禮義相攝正不以貧富貴賤之利也","疏","此","一節明朋友之道唯善是仇以威儀相攝佐也以","賢而貧賤則輕絕之是好賢不堅也而富貴則重","絕之是惡惡不著也如此者是貪利人","集","說","藍田呂","氏曰此章又申言前章好惡不可不明也以為可","賢而重絕以為不足賢而輕絕則不當有富貴貧","賤之異矣均可絕也富貴未絕貧賤者先絕則惡","惡不著均未可絕也貧賤者先絕富貴者未絕則","好賢不堅推是心也謂之不利於富貴則不可信","也詩云朋友攸攝攝以威儀言朋友以禮義相正","豈以貧賤富貴易其心哉　嚴陵方氏曰可友者","以其賢可絕者以其惡然賢者不必富貴惡者不","必貧賤苟輕絕貧賤而重絕富貴則勢利之交而","已","儒行","儒有合志同方營道同術並立則樂相下不厭久不","相見聞流言不信其行本方立義同而進不同而退","其交友有如此者","疏","方法也經營道藝同齊於術同術則同方也但","合志同方據所懷志意營道同術據所習道藝並","立謂同仕朋友久不相見聞流謗之言欲譖毀之","己則不信也其行所本必方正所立必存義朋友","所為與己同則進而從之不與己同則退而避之","集","說","藍田呂氏曰所以任舉其交友者則好惡憂樂","與之同也然盡交友之分則理義必與之同君子","之道或出或處或默或語二人同心其利斷金同","心之言其臭如蘭凡所謂同者理也義也出於人","心之所同然賢者能存而勿喪之故不患乎不同","也合志同方則志同好矣營道同術則學同道矣","並立則樂相下不厭好同則同體矣久不相見聞","流言不信學同則信其行矣其行本方立者立行","本其志之所同方也行同則學同矣義同而進不","同而退同斯義以進退也進退同則同好矣交友","之分至於無一不同者學一於理而不惑也　嚴","陵方氏曰並立則樂以其無忌心相下不厭以其","有孫志久不相見聞流言不信以其久要不忘而","相信之篤本方者以方為本也道同則進而與之","交不同則退而與之辨夫道不同不相為謀而況","交友乎子貢問友子曰忠告而善道之不可則止"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"古今圖書整合31","section_title":"正文","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 古今圖書整合31\n朋友部匯考\n禮記\n曲禮\n寡婦之子非有見焉弗與為友\n陳\n注\n有見才能卓異也若非有好德之實則難以避\n好色之嫌故謹之\n又\n父母存不許友以死\n陳\n注\n不許友以死謂不為其友報讎也親在而以身\n許人是有忘親之心\n檀弓\n曾子曰朋友之墓有宿草而不哭焉\n陳\n注\n草根陳宿是期年之外可無哭矣\n周禮\n天官\n太宰以九兩系邦國之民八曰友以任得民\n注\n鄉田同井合志之友能保任民自不忍棄故以\n任得民\n疏\n友以任使知人道之交不可間也\n地官\n大司徒以本俗六安萬民五曰聯朋友\n注\n鄉田同井學校同藝\n疏\n同師曰朋同志曰友朋\n友之交在師儒以下但朋疏而多友親而少尚書\n泰誓我友邦冢君是謂諸侯為友洛誥雲孺子其\n朋謂群臣為朋也\n又\n以鄉三物教萬民二曰六行孝友睦□任恤\n注\n任信於朋友\n疏\n朋友有道德者則任信之\n以鄉八刑糾萬民五曰不任之刑\n師氏掌教國子三行二曰友行以尊賢良\n注\n君子以友輔仁故友行次之\n司諫掌糾萬民之德而勸之朋友正其行而強之道\n藝巡問而觀察之以時書其德行道藝辨其能而可\n任於國事者以考鄉里之治以詔廢置以行赦宥\n注\n司諫以道諫正人之行者德成於朋友糾其德\n而使之無謬戾勸之朋友則使之致力以相輔也\n疏\n勸之朋友欲其同志以輔仁也\n□\n朋友部總論\n易經\n豫卦\n九四由豫大有得勿疑朋盍簪\n程\n傳\n四居大臣之位獨當上之倚任而下□同德之\n助所以疑也惟當盡其至誠勿有疑慮則朋類自\n當益聚\n復卦\n復亨出入□疾朋來□咎\n程\n傳\n君子之道既消而復豈能便勝於小人必待其\n朋類漸盛則能協力以勝之也\n大\n全\n或問復一陽動\n於下而云朋來□咎何也朱子曰方一陽生未有\n朋類畢竟是陽長將次並進以其為君子之道故\n亨通而□咎也\n解卦\n九四解而拇朋至斯孚\n程\n傳\n居上位而親小人則賢人正士遠退矣斥去小\n人則君子之党進而誠相得也四能解去初六之\n陰柔則君子之朋來至而誠合矣\n東巖\n易傳\n四德不若\n震初之陽朋陽之來明德益修五動以應誠意交\n通然後生化之功自是興也嗚呼大臣居解惟患\n不得其朋而已得我朋也而□之遠之則非但不\n能格君心中才之君豈能無疑於我哉戒之哉\n象曰解而拇未當位也\n程\n傳\n解者本合而離之也必解拇而後朋孚蓋君子\n之交而小人容於其間是與君子之誠未至也\n兌卦\n象曰麗澤兌君子以朋友講習\n程\n傳\n兩澤相麗交相浸潤互有滋益之象故君子觀\n其象而以朋友講習互相益也先儒謂天下之可\n說莫若朋友講習講習固可說之大者然當明相\n益之象\n大\n全\n進齋徐氏曰天下之至可說者□如朋\n友講習講而不習則言語徒詳綢繹□得雖曰為\n學亦將枯燥生澀而□可嗜之味危殆杌捏而□\n可即之安矣豈能終悅懌於心乎故必從容論說\n以講之於先又必切實體驗以習之於後則心與\n理相涵而所知者益精身與事相安而所能者益\n固麗澤之益庶乎其有相資之實而真說在我矣\n禮記\n緇衣\n子曰唯君子能好其正小人毒其正故君子之朋友\n有鄉其惡有方是故邇者不惑而遠者不疑也詩云\n君子好仇\n注\n正當為匹匹謂知識朋友鄉方喻輩類也小人\n僥利其友無常也邇近也仇匹也\n疏\n此一節明其\n朋匹之事以下雲君子好仇故此正為匹也君子\n所親朋友及所惡之人皆有輩類故善者與之交\n不以榮枯為異不善者則憎惡之言有常也好惡\n有定可望貌而知故近不惑而遠不疑也\n集\n說\n藍田\n呂氏曰鄉人皆好之未可也鄉人皆惡之未可也\n不如鄉人之善者好之其不善者惡之蓋善者好\n之由君子所好者善也不善者惡之由君子所惡\n者不善也君子之好不可以非其人故曰朋友有\n鄉所惡不可以及善人故曰其惡有方蓋君子所\n好者皆正小人所惡亦皆正故曰君子能好其正\n小人毒其正好惡既明亦歸於一此遠邇所以不\n疑惑也詩云君子好仇讎匹也其匹者皆好也先\n儒以好其正毒其正皆當為匹只作正字亦可\n長樂陳氏曰君子周而不比其取友也必端故言\n能好其正小人比而不周其交也皆其類而已故　毒其正蓋君子小人道相異也故君子好之而小\n人毒之鄉也方也皆言其所聚善惡各以類而善\n不同於惡惡不同於善故能成其信是以朋友之\n邇於我者信我之深而不惑其遠於我者亦信之\n而不疑矣邇者不惑儒行所謂並立則樂相下不\n厭也遠者不疑儒行所謂久不相見聞流言不信\n其行也　嚴陵方氏曰君子非特其身正而已於\n正人又能好而與之小人非特身不正而已於正\n人又且毒而害之此君子小人好惡之辨也朋友\n有鄉其惡有方者以言取捨之有常也　馬氏曰\n君子之朋友有鄉所謂直也諒也多聞也其惡有\n方所謂便辟也善柔也便佞也朋友有鄉君子所\n以致其好也其惡有方君子所以致其惡也　廬\n陵胡氏曰君子正直是與故好之小人惡直醜正\n故毒之故曰君子居必擇鄉遊必擇士所以防邪\n闢而近中正也\n子曰輕絕貧賤而重絕富貴則好賢不堅而惡惡不\n著也人雖曰不利吾不信也詩云朋友攸攝攝以威\n儀\n注\n雖曰不利吾不信也言此近微利也攸所也言\n朋友以禮義相攝正不以貧富貴賤之利也\n疏\n此\n一節明朋友之道唯善是仇以威儀相攝佐也以\n賢而貧賤則輕絕之是好賢不堅也而富貴則重\n絕之是惡惡不著也如此者是貪利人\n集\n說\n藍田呂\n氏曰此章又申言前章好惡不可不明也以為可\n賢而重絕以為不足賢而輕絕則不當有富貴貧\n賤之異矣均可絕也富貴未絕貧賤者先絕則惡\n惡不著均未可絕也貧賤者先絕富貴者未絕則\n好賢不堅推是心也謂之不利於富貴則不可信\n也詩云朋友攸攝攝以威儀言朋友以禮義相正\n豈以貧賤富貴易其心哉　嚴陵方氏曰可友者\n以其賢可絕者以其惡然賢者不必富貴惡者不\n必貧賤苟輕絕貧賤而重絕富貴則勢利之交而\n已\n儒行\n儒有合志同方營道同術並立則樂相下不厭久不\n相見聞流言不信其行本方立義同而進不同而退\n其交友有如此者\n疏\n方法也經營道藝同齊於術同術則同方也但\n合志同方據所懷志意營道同術據所習道藝並\n立謂同仕朋友久不相見聞流謗之言欲譖毀之\n己則不信也其行所本必方正所立必存義朋友\n所為與己同則進而從之不與己同則退而避之\n集\n說\n藍田呂氏曰所以任舉其交友者則好惡憂樂\n與之同也然盡交友之分則理義必與之同君子\n之道或出或處或默或語二人同心其利斷金同\n心之言其臭如蘭凡所謂同者理也義也出於人\n心之所同然賢者能存而勿喪之故不患乎不同\n也合志同方則志同好矣營道同術則學同道矣\n並立則樂相下不厭好同則同體矣久不相見聞\n流言不信學同則信其行矣其行本方立者立行\n本其志之所同方也行同則學同矣義同而進不\n同而退同斯義以進退也進退同則同好矣交友\n之分至於無一不同者學一於理而不惑也　嚴\n陵方氏曰並立則樂以其無忌心相下不厭以其\n有孫志久不相見聞流言不信以其久要不忘而\n相信之篤本方者以方為本也道同則進而與之\n交不同則退而與之辨夫道不同不相為謀而況\n交友乎子貢問友子曰忠告而善道之不可則止","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}