{"resource_id":5772,"title":"古今图书集成15","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"同學部總論","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"禮記","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"學記","paragraphs":["三年視敬業樂群","七年視論學取友","疏","業謂藝業長者敬而親之樂群謂朋友善者願","而樂之取友謂選擇好人與之為友","獨學而無友則孤陋而寡聞燕朋逆其師燕闢廢其","學","疏","燕朋為燕朋友不相尊敬則違業師之教道"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","title":"前輩部總論","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","title":"禮記","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","title":"曲禮","paragraphs":["謀於長者必操几杖以從之長者問不辭讓而對非","禮也","疏","操執持也杖可以策身幾可以扶己俱是養尊","者之物故於謀議之時持就也","又","長者與之提攜則兩手奉長者之手負劍辟咡詔之","則掩口而對","注","習其扶持尊者提攜謂牽將行負謂置之於背","劍謂挾之於旁辟咡詔之謂傾頭與語口旁曰咡","掩口而對習其鄉尊者屏氣也說藍田呂氏曰長","者與之提攜則兩手奉長者之手以長者之意不","可以不承也負劍辟咡詔之則掩口而對以氣之","逼人人或惡之也古之佩劍者挾之於旁負劍即","佩劍也童子之幼者長者或旁挾之如負劍然故","謂之負劍也　馬氏曰就而攜之則奉其手近而","詔之則掩口而對者皆事長之禮也古之成人有","德小子有造者豈一朝一夕之習哉蓋自幼稚而","已知禮讓矣少而習之壯而行之老而安之古人","年彌高而德彌劭者蓋出於此也","從於先生不越路而與人言遭先生於道趨而進正","立拱手先生與之言則對不與之言則趨而退","注","不越路與人言尊不二也先生老人教學者拱","手為有教使趨退為其不欲與己並行","集","說","馬氏曰","先生者齒長而有德之稱古之冠者見於鄉大夫","鄉先生鄉飲酒之禮主人就先生而謀賓尊爵貴","德之義也孟子以先生目宋牼而自謂長者蓋長","者長於彼而未必有德先生德齒俱高矣尊者體","舒卑者體蹙進退必趨者卑以自處也　永嘉戴","氏曰禮無二敬從先生而越路與人言則敬有所","分矣趨進者懼先生之有教令也趨退者不敢與","先生並行也道遇長者而引避雖足以致敬而非","所以承命也長者不與之言而隨行不置亦非所","謂承意也進退之際其難如此可不謹哉","從長者而上丘陵則必鄉長者所視","集","說","永嘉戴氏曰從長者而升高非以遠覽也所以","承教也違長者所視則志在覽物敬長之意失矣","況長者欲有所問乎"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","title":"同學部藝文一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","title":"同學一首別子固　　　　　宋王安石","paragraphs":["江之南有賢人焉字子固非今所謂賢人者予慕而","友之淮之南有賢人焉字正之非今所謂賢人者予","慕而友之二賢人者足未嘗相過也口未嘗相語也","辭幣未嘗相接也其師若友豈盡同哉予考其言行","其不相似者何其少也曰學聖人而已矣學聖人則","其師若友必學聖人者聖人之言行豈有二哉其相","似也適然予在淮南為正之道子固正之不予疑也","還江南為子固道正之子固亦以為然予又知所謂","賢人者既相似又相信不疑也子固作懷友一首遺","予其大略欲相扳以至乎中庸而後已正之蓋亦嘗","云爾夫安驅徐行中庸之庭而造於其堂舍二賢","人者而誰哉予昔非敢自必其有至也亦顯從事於","左右焉爾輔而進之其可也噫官有守私有系會合","不可以常也作同學一首別子固以相警且相慰雲"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","title":"明經會約　　　　　　　　明林希恩","paragraphs":["林子曰古之為師者教人以修道今之為師者教人","以學文今諸生之所以從我者固專其道而我之所","以與諸生者必兼以文獨不觀之仲尼之徒乎問政","為邦仕魯仕衛蓋幼學壯行聖人所不廢也況科舉","之興出自國制而仲尼之聖亦曰從周是知古之君","子未嘗不仕而明經之學亦當時之載質也其惟正","心修身以為兼善之地業舉遵制以為進身之階斯","謂之有體有用之學大中至正之道也條列於左諸","生其惟遵而行之","一作文以四九日為期每期作文一篇辰候至午候","而止諸生所習之經不同會日俱作四書文經文隨","便自作","一作文以理為主氣輔之平淡中取奇詞苑之巨匠","也蘇子瞻曰凡作文字少小時須令氣象崢嶸采色","絢爛漸老漸熟乃造平淡其實不是平淡乃絢爛之","極也真可謂文章之評矣近來做文者不會漢人六","代之意漫襲漢人六代之詞自以為高古美麗又有","一等專用新奇之字文以艱深之詞斷手截足令人","難句為高是皆才不足而氣不昌故不得已假此以","取名爾今後作文理要精微氣要昌大轉折處亦要","圓活然此非可以易言也蓋由養之於內既至而後","發之於詞自順矣故曰有德者必有言諸生毋徒求","之文字之間可也","一看書每日上午四書下午本經各一葉半所看書","白文務要熟誦小注亦要熟誦","一讀書每十日義二篇論策表各一篇","一每月四九日下午會齊明經堂先將本日所作之","文私相筆削批點然後呈覽覽畢聽掣籤背經書白","文得籤者即背首五句依次左旋各背五句周而復","始至所看書畢而止次掣籤講說經書每掣二人相","為問難若講解不明另舉一人再講餘者靜坐以聽","毋得噪言以亂規矩其所講者只要發明本文及體","貼小注截段明白若有疑者先書於起止簿上俟講","書畢時問難且便掣籤時查考又次掣籤背義論策","表只掣三人務要應聲朗誦十數句","一各備起止簿書所讀某義論策表若干所看某經","書若干以便查考","一會日俱早膳後來午膳要回家不必輪流辦會務","以恬淡省事為主","一遇期有事預先稟明","一自立會之後除會期外不必相為往來其親友之","禮所不可廢者朔望寬假一日免看經書","一背書掣籤若有事時或令人代攝","一書程甚簡中間有不能自解經旨欲從他師及私","加作論策表等文讀五經性理通鑑綱目者聽之","一諸生務要除去惡習私齋中不許招集外人及議","人是非長短","一言語貴簡當以忠信為主衣服貴莊又以質素為","先","一不許飲酒及街坊遊戲以蕩心性以妨書程","一讀書以有常為貴不宜困憊精神諸生於大暑三","伏之時夜分不必讀書務要靜坐養心餘時至一鼓","而止一鼓之後亦要靜坐養心","一崇禮堂條示諸生者與外人相為往來雲若會中","有吉事或召燕更宜恬淡不宜殺牲每席務要四人","五餚二菜湯一行食二碟清酒一壺先期惟具","單帖至期自來毋俟催速凡吉凶大禮眾惟具一果","酌行之所謂君子之交淡若水也諸生其體之","一奭召公名也而周公乃曰君奭貴其質也後世因","字而諱其名復因號而諱其字今後須以字相呼其","惟於少者則字之於長者則字而兄之此亦古人之","質也","一諸生實有弟兄之義坐次不必分主客惟以齒為","序若不便於他賓則因時而異其理可","一朔望日下午或登東山及附郭之有勝境者以效","曾點浴沂風雩之樂晚膳後俱至明經堂或誦四書","一章或歌詩一篇要皆切我心性者"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","title":"讀書社約　　　　　　　　　丁奇遇","paragraphs":["社曷不以文命而以讀書命子輿氏所稱文會正讀","書也今人止以操觚為會是猶獵社田而忘簡賦食","社飯而忘粢盛本之不治其能興乎吾黨二三士既","有社以誓眾矣苟美賦不興將於吾黨問焉其何辭","之有董子讀書不窺園幼安讀書席著膝處穿二子","者一為兩漢之精兵一為儉歲之嘉穀願吾黨效之","有以應世也故特結為讀書之社今當申約二三士","其明聽焉約曰一定讀書之志記曰宵雅肄三官其","始也古人之志明在事君但徒懷貪慕非為有志今","須如求饔餐毋或暫忘如守災畬毋為虛望廂月築","聲溪璜自出中有潛通之者吾黨勖"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"同學部總論","section_title":"禮記","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"同學部總論","section_title":"學記","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","chapter_title":"同學部總論","section_title":"前輩部總論","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","chapter_title":"同學部總論","section_title":"禮記","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","chapter_title":"同學部總論","section_title":"曲禮","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","chapter_title":"同學部總論","section_title":"同學部藝文一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","chapter_title":"同學部總論","section_title":"同學一首別子固　　　　　宋王安石","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","chapter_title":"同學部總論","section_title":"明經會約　　　　　　　　明林希恩","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","chapter_title":"同學部總論","section_title":"讀書社約　　　　　　　　　丁奇遇","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 同學部總論\n## 禮記\n## 學記\n三年視敬業樂群\n七年視論學取友\n疏\n業謂藝業長者敬而親之樂群謂朋友善者願\n而樂之取友謂選擇好人與之為友\n獨學而無友則孤陋而寡聞燕朋逆其師燕闢廢其\n學\n疏\n燕朋為燕朋友不相尊敬則違業師之教道\n## 前輩部總論\n## 禮記\n## 曲禮\n謀於長者必操几杖以從之長者問不辭讓而對非\n禮也\n疏\n操執持也杖可以策身幾可以扶己俱是養尊\n者之物故於謀議之時持就也\n又\n長者與之提攜則兩手奉長者之手負劍辟咡詔之\n則掩口而對\n注\n習其扶持尊者提攜謂牽將行負謂置之於背\n劍謂挾之於旁辟咡詔之謂傾頭與語口旁曰咡\n掩口而對習其鄉尊者屏氣也說藍田呂氏曰長\n者與之提攜則兩手奉長者之手以長者之意不\n可以不承也負劍辟咡詔之則掩口而對以氣之\n逼人人或惡之也古之佩劍者挾之於旁負劍即\n佩劍也童子之幼者長者或旁挾之如負劍然故\n謂之負劍也　馬氏曰就而攜之則奉其手近而\n詔之則掩口而對者皆事長之禮也古之成人有\n德小子有造者豈一朝一夕之習哉蓋自幼稚而\n已知禮讓矣少而習之壯而行之老而安之古人\n年彌高而德彌劭者蓋出於此也\n從於先生不越路而與人言遭先生於道趨而進正\n立拱手先生與之言則對不與之言則趨而退\n注\n不越路與人言尊不二也先生老人教學者拱\n手為有教使趨退為其不欲與己並行\n集\n說\n馬氏曰\n先生者齒長而有德之稱古之冠者見於鄉大夫\n鄉先生鄉飲酒之禮主人就先生而謀賓尊爵貴\n德之義也孟子以先生目宋牼而自謂長者蓋長\n者長於彼而未必有德先生德齒俱高矣尊者體\n舒卑者體蹙進退必趨者卑以自處也　永嘉戴\n氏曰禮無二敬從先生而越路與人言則敬有所\n分矣趨進者懼先生之有教令也趨退者不敢與\n先生並行也道遇長者而引避雖足以致敬而非\n所以承命也長者不與之言而隨行不置亦非所\n謂承意也進退之際其難如此可不謹哉\n從長者而上丘陵則必鄉長者所視\n集\n說\n永嘉戴氏曰從長者而升高非以遠覽也所以\n承教也違長者所視則志在覽物敬長之意失矣\n況長者欲有所問乎\n## 同學部藝文一\n## 同學一首別子固　　　　　宋王安石\n江之南有賢人焉字子固非今所謂賢人者予慕而\n友之淮之南有賢人焉字正之非今所謂賢人者予\n慕而友之二賢人者足未嘗相過也口未嘗相語也\n辭幣未嘗相接也其師若友豈盡同哉予考其言行\n其不相似者何其少也曰學聖人而已矣學聖人則\n其師若友必學聖人者聖人之言行豈有二哉其相\n似也適然予在淮南為正之道子固正之不予疑也\n還江南為子固道正之子固亦以為然予又知所謂\n賢人者既相似又相信不疑也子固作懷友一首遺\n予其大略欲相扳以至乎中庸而後已正之蓋亦嘗\n云爾夫安驅徐行中庸之庭而造於其堂舍二賢\n人者而誰哉予昔非敢自必其有至也亦顯從事於\n左右焉爾輔而進之其可也噫官有守私有系會合\n不可以常也作同學一首別子固以相警且相慰雲\n## 明經會約　　　　　　　　明林希恩\n林子曰古之為師者教人以修道今之為師者教人\n以學文今諸生之所以從我者固專其道而我之所\n以與諸生者必兼以文獨不觀之仲尼之徒乎問政\n為邦仕魯仕衛蓋幼學壯行聖人所不廢也況科舉\n之興出自國制而仲尼之聖亦曰從周是知古之君\n子未嘗不仕而明經之學亦當時之載質也其惟正\n心修身以為兼善之地業舉遵制以為進身之階斯\n謂之有體有用之學大中至正之道也條列於左諸\n生其惟遵而行之\n一作文以四九日為期每期作文一篇辰候至午候\n而止諸生所習之經不同會日俱作四書文經文隨\n便自作\n一作文以理為主氣輔之平淡中取奇詞苑之巨匠\n也蘇子瞻曰凡作文字少小時須令氣象崢嶸采色\n絢爛漸老漸熟乃造平淡其實不是平淡乃絢爛之\n極也真可謂文章之評矣近來做文者不會漢人六\n代之意漫襲漢人六代之詞自以為高古美麗又有\n一等專用新奇之字文以艱深之詞斷手截足令人\n難句為高是皆才不足而氣不昌故不得已假此以\n取名爾今後作文理要精微氣要昌大轉折處亦要\n圓活然此非可以易言也蓋由養之於內既至而後\n發之於詞自順矣故曰有德者必有言諸生毋徒求\n之文字之間可也\n一看書每日上午四書下午本經各一葉半所看書\n白文務要熟誦小注亦要熟誦\n一讀書每十日義二篇論策表各一篇\n一每月四九日下午會齊明經堂先將本日所作之\n文私相筆削批點然後呈覽覽畢聽掣籤背經書白\n文得籤者即背首五句依次左旋各背五句周而復\n始至所看書畢而止次掣籤講說經書每掣二人相\n為問難若講解不明另舉一人再講餘者靜坐以聽\n毋得噪言以亂規矩其所講者只要發明本文及體\n貼小注截段明白若有疑者先書於起止簿上俟講\n書畢時問難且便掣籤時查考又次掣籤背義論策\n表只掣三人務要應聲朗誦十數句\n一各備起止簿書所讀某義論策表若干所看某經\n書若干以便查考\n一會日俱早膳後來午膳要回家不必輪流辦會務\n以恬淡省事為主\n一遇期有事預先稟明\n一自立會之後除會期外不必相為往來其親友之\n禮所不可廢者朔望寬假一日免看經書\n一背書掣籤若有事時或令人代攝\n一書程甚簡中間有不能自解經旨欲從他師及私\n加作論策表等文讀五經性理通鑑綱目者聽之\n一諸生務要除去惡習私齋中不許招集外人及議\n人是非長短\n一言語貴簡當以忠信為主衣服貴莊又以質素為\n先\n一不許飲酒及街坊遊戲以蕩心性以妨書程\n一讀書以有常為貴不宜困憊精神諸生於大暑三\n伏之時夜分不必讀書務要靜坐養心餘時至一鼓\n而止一鼓之後亦要靜坐養心\n一崇禮堂條示諸生者與外人相為往來雲若會中\n有吉事或召燕更宜恬淡不宜殺牲每席務要四人\n五餚二菜湯一行食二碟清酒一壺先期惟具\n單帖至期自來毋俟催速凡吉凶大禮眾惟具一果\n酌行之所謂君子之交淡若水也諸生其體之\n一奭召公名也而周公乃曰君奭貴其質也後世因\n字而諱其名復因號而諱其字今後須以字相呼其\n惟於少者則字之於長者則字而兄之此亦古人之\n質也\n一諸生實有弟兄之義坐次不必分主客惟以齒為\n序若不便於他賓則因時而異其理可\n一朔望日下午或登東山及附郭之有勝境者以效\n曾點浴沂風雩之樂晚膳後俱至明經堂或誦四書\n一章或歌詩一篇要皆切我心性者\n## 讀書社約　　　　　　　　　丁奇遇\n社曷不以文命而以讀書命子輿氏所稱文會正讀\n書也今人止以操觚為會是猶獵社田而忘簡賦食\n社飯而忘粢盛本之不治其能興乎吾黨二三士既\n有社以誓眾矣苟美賦不興將於吾黨問焉其何辭\n之有董子讀書不窺園幼安讀書席著膝處穿二子\n者一為兩漢之精兵一為儉歲之嘉穀願吾黨效之\n有以應世也故特結為讀書之社今當申約二三士\n其明聽焉約曰一定讀書之志記曰宵雅肄三官其\n始也古人之志明在事君但徒懷貪慕非為有志今\n須如求饔餐毋或暫忘如守災畬毋為虛望廂月築\n聲溪璜自出中有潛通之者吾黨勖","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}