{"resource_id":5767,"title":"古今图书集成10","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"古今圖書整合10","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["鄉里部匯考一","禮記","曲禮","年長以倍則父事之十年以長則兄事之五年以長","則肩隨之群居五人則長者必異席","注","年長以倍謂年二十於四十者人年二十弱冠","成人有為人父之端今四十於二十者有子道內","則曰年二十惇行孝弟肩隨者與之並行差退席","以四人為節因宜有所尊","疏","此謂鄉里之中非親","非友但年長倍己則以父道事之即父黨隨行也","人年三十而娶於後乃有子則三十於六十乃是","倍年今鄭言二十於四十者但加冠責以為人父","為人子之禮雖未有妻子有為人父之端以二十","未合有子有子道也年二十於三十者半倍故兄","事之則止差退而雁行也若二十於二十五者肩","隨之則齊於雁行也群居謂朋友居處法也古者","地敷橫席而容四人四人則推長者居席端若有","五人會應一人別席因推長者異席若賓主禮席","皆無同坐故鄉飲酒賓介異席又云眾賓之席皆","不屬焉鄉射眾賓之席繼而西謂相連屬也燕禮","及大射公三重大夫再重是皆異席也","集","說","廬陵胡","氏曰此謂鄉里之中父兄之黨也","入裡必式","注","入裡必式不誣十室也","疏","二十五家為裡裡巷","首有門入裡則必式而禮之","集","說","馬氏曰詩曰維桑","與梓必恭敬止此入裡必式之意也石慶入里門","不下車而其父責之張湛望里門則步君子多之","則入裡必式者父母國之道也","周禮","天官","小宰之職以官府之八成經邦治三曰聽閭里以版","圖","疏","在六鄉則二十五家為閭在六遂則二十五家","為里閭裡之中有爭訟則以戶籍之版土地之圖","聽決之","地官","大司徒施教法於邦國都鄙使之各以教其所治民","令五家為比使之相保五比為閭使之相受四閭為","族使之相葬五族為黨使之相救五黨為州使之相","賙五州為鄉使之相賓","注","此所以勸民者也使之者皆謂立其長而教令","使之保猶任也救救兇災也賓賓客其賢者受者","宅舍有故相受寄託也賙者禮物不備相給足也","閭二十五家族百家黨五百家州二千五百家鄉","萬二千五百家","疏","立長謂若比長閭胥至鄉大夫","等","訂","義","項氏曰人之生有天屬有人屬天屬則不待","教而相親至於人屬無事則相往來有事則相棄","背非上之人有以教之不可是故先王為比為閭","則必有以令之相保相受則必有以使之令之則","不容於或遺使之則不容於或背　陳君舉曰百","家之中不幸有死者相與辦其葬事不使五家與","二十五家供之者以百家然後眾輕易舉也大利","害大患難非百家所可御必五百家然後足以相","救水旱凶荒欲以相賙又非五百家所能辦惟二","千五百家則其地必闊必無皆水皆旱之理庶幾","有無可以相通　王昭禹曰鄉遂之制始於五家","之寡而終於萬有二千五百家之眾居雖異室而","從容若一家體雖異腹而和合若一心司徒以安","之則相為愷悌焉司馬以用之則相為憂患焉","小司徒凡民訟以地比正之","疏","六鄉之民有爭訟之事是非難辨故以地之比","鄰知其是非者共正斷之","鄉師之職各掌其所治鄉之教而聽其治以國比之","法以時稽其夫家眾寡辨其老幼貴賤廢疾馬牛之","物辨其可任者與其施捨者掌其戒令糾禁聽其獄","訟","訂","義","鄭諤曰小司徒有九比之法以稽夫家之數謂","之比法鄉師用法則謂之國比之法言其法乃國","之法而非鄉師之所制也　項氏曰小司徒先貴","賤鄉師先老幼蓋朝廷莫如爵鄉黨莫如齒可任","為軍所謂可任者家三人之類戒之使謹令之使","行糾之使不肆禁之使勿為","大役則帥民徒而至治其政令既役則受州里之役","要以考司空之闢以逆其役事","訂","義","玉昭禹曰大役任眾力役之大者若城郭溝渠","之役州里州所裡也五黨為州民所居曰裡而所","役之民出於州里役要役數之要書欲知役數之","多寡　項氏曰司空掌役州里出役即州里所遣","役之本數以考司空治役之章程則役事可得而","鉤考矣","凡邦事令作秩敘","訂","義","王昭禹曰凡有所興治皆謂之事言邦事則非","鄉里之自興治者也秩則制其常賜之多寡敘則","差其事治之先後作秩敘者鄉吏也鄉師令之而","已","大祭祀羞牛牲共茅蒩大軍旅會同正治其徒役與","其輦輦戮其犯命者大喪用役則帥其民而至遂治","之及葬執纛以與匠師御而治役及窆執斧以□","匠師凡四時之田前期出田法於州里簡其鼓鐸旗","物兵器修其卒伍及期以司徒之大旗致眾庶而陳","之以旗物辨鄉邑而治其政令刑禁巡其前後之屯","而戮其犯命者斷其爭禽之訟凡四時之徵令有常","者以木鐸徇於市朝以歲時巡國及野而賙萬民之","厄以王命施惠歲終則考六鄉之治以詔廢置正","歲稽其鄉器比共吉凶二服閭共祭器族共喪器黨","共射器州共賓器鄉共吉凶禮樂之器","訂","義","鄭鍔曰先王之世宮室車輿以為居衣裳冕弁","以為服尊爵俎豆以為器金石絲竹以為樂非特","用之朝廷又用之閭里民日從事於其間耳聞而","目見之所以知禮樂之意而成粹美之俗竊疑閭","裡之間何從有是器而用之及考鄉師然後知六","鄉之民俱合眾財以為之人眾則財用足財用足","則器用備故觀其人所聚之眾寡各因其財力使","制其器比五家耳財適足以制吉凶弔祭之二服","故比集財為之而一比共用焉器則未能備也閭","二十五家財適足以制簠簋鼎俎之器故閭集財","以為之而一閭共用焉族之百家財適足以制夷","盤輁軸之器故族集財以為之而一族共用焉至","於射器則定其位有物課其功有算詔之有旌節","之有鼓有弓有矢有侯有布用財多故合五百家","之財而為之賓器則六十者三豆七十者四豆八","十者五豆九十者六豆有爵有罍有笙有瑟其用","尤多故合二千五百家之財而為之然後共用也","吉凶禮樂之器即閭里黨州所共者是已　王昭","禹曰吉器非必祭器凡飲食冠昏之屬皆是兇器","非必喪器凡干戈戚揚之屬皆是禮樂之器非必","賓射之器凡有其具於禮樂者皆是吉凶禮樂之","器眾矣故集一鄉之財為之然後足以供也","若國大比則考教察辭稽器展事以詔誅賞","訂","義","王昭禹曰六鄉之吏各主教其所屬之民或書","其敬敏任恤或書其孝悌睦□有學者或書其德","行道藝或考其德行道藝而勸之若此之屬無非","教矣然教之不明也常起於辭之不正辭苟不正","則言偽而辨順非而澤飾智以驚愚訛言以惑眾","將至於不可御矣","鄉老二鄉則公一人鄉大夫每鄉卿一人","訂","義","王氏曰鄉老公也尊之於鄉憲其言行不累以","事故稱老鄉老於司徒之官非屬而無職　黃氏","曰鄉大夫猶有職掌鄉老惟大比興賢能獻書於","王則與焉所謂師也父兄也　陳君舉曰鄉大夫","卿也謂之大夫卿知進止之義大夫以智帥人者","也進止所以事人帥人所以臨下列職於朝名之","曰卿正其位也分治六鄉名之曰大夫非卑之也","蓋掌鄉之政教禁令非以智帥人不可鄉大夫之","職所以異於地官者以此","鄉大夫之職各掌其鄉之政教禁令","注","鄭司農曰萬二千五百家為鄉","正月之吉受教法於司徒退而頒之於其鄉吏使各","以教其所治以考其德行察其道藝以歲時登其夫","家之眾寡辨其可任者國中自七尺以及六十野自","六尺以及六十有五皆徵之","訂","義","王昭禹曰族師職卑所統者寡故使之校其數","然後登上其籍鄉大夫職尊所統者眾"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"古今圖書整合10","section_title":"正文","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 古今圖書整合10\n鄉里部匯考一\n禮記\n曲禮\n年長以倍則父事之十年以長則兄事之五年以長\n則肩隨之群居五人則長者必異席\n注\n年長以倍謂年二十於四十者人年二十弱冠\n成人有為人父之端今四十於二十者有子道內\n則曰年二十惇行孝弟肩隨者與之並行差退席\n以四人為節因宜有所尊\n疏\n此謂鄉里之中非親\n非友但年長倍己則以父道事之即父黨隨行也\n人年三十而娶於後乃有子則三十於六十乃是\n倍年今鄭言二十於四十者但加冠責以為人父\n為人子之禮雖未有妻子有為人父之端以二十\n未合有子有子道也年二十於三十者半倍故兄\n事之則止差退而雁行也若二十於二十五者肩\n隨之則齊於雁行也群居謂朋友居處法也古者\n地敷橫席而容四人四人則推長者居席端若有\n五人會應一人別席因推長者異席若賓主禮席\n皆無同坐故鄉飲酒賓介異席又云眾賓之席皆\n不屬焉鄉射眾賓之席繼而西謂相連屬也燕禮\n及大射公三重大夫再重是皆異席也\n集\n說\n廬陵胡\n氏曰此謂鄉里之中父兄之黨也\n入裡必式\n注\n入裡必式不誣十室也\n疏\n二十五家為裡裡巷\n首有門入裡則必式而禮之\n集\n說\n馬氏曰詩曰維桑\n與梓必恭敬止此入裡必式之意也石慶入里門\n不下車而其父責之張湛望里門則步君子多之\n則入裡必式者父母國之道也\n周禮\n天官\n小宰之職以官府之八成經邦治三曰聽閭里以版\n圖\n疏\n在六鄉則二十五家為閭在六遂則二十五家\n為里閭裡之中有爭訟則以戶籍之版土地之圖\n聽決之\n地官\n大司徒施教法於邦國都鄙使之各以教其所治民\n令五家為比使之相保五比為閭使之相受四閭為\n族使之相葬五族為黨使之相救五黨為州使之相\n賙五州為鄉使之相賓\n注\n此所以勸民者也使之者皆謂立其長而教令\n使之保猶任也救救兇災也賓賓客其賢者受者\n宅舍有故相受寄託也賙者禮物不備相給足也\n閭二十五家族百家黨五百家州二千五百家鄉\n萬二千五百家\n疏\n立長謂若比長閭胥至鄉大夫\n等\n訂\n義\n項氏曰人之生有天屬有人屬天屬則不待\n教而相親至於人屬無事則相往來有事則相棄\n背非上之人有以教之不可是故先王為比為閭\n則必有以令之相保相受則必有以使之令之則\n不容於或遺使之則不容於或背　陳君舉曰百\n家之中不幸有死者相與辦其葬事不使五家與\n二十五家供之者以百家然後眾輕易舉也大利\n害大患難非百家所可御必五百家然後足以相\n救水旱凶荒欲以相賙又非五百家所能辦惟二\n千五百家則其地必闊必無皆水皆旱之理庶幾\n有無可以相通　王昭禹曰鄉遂之制始於五家\n之寡而終於萬有二千五百家之眾居雖異室而\n從容若一家體雖異腹而和合若一心司徒以安\n之則相為愷悌焉司馬以用之則相為憂患焉\n小司徒凡民訟以地比正之\n疏\n六鄉之民有爭訟之事是非難辨故以地之比\n鄰知其是非者共正斷之\n鄉師之職各掌其所治鄉之教而聽其治以國比之\n法以時稽其夫家眾寡辨其老幼貴賤廢疾馬牛之\n物辨其可任者與其施捨者掌其戒令糾禁聽其獄\n訟\n訂\n義\n鄭諤曰小司徒有九比之法以稽夫家之數謂\n之比法鄉師用法則謂之國比之法言其法乃國\n之法而非鄉師之所制也　項氏曰小司徒先貴\n賤鄉師先老幼蓋朝廷莫如爵鄉黨莫如齒可任\n為軍所謂可任者家三人之類戒之使謹令之使\n行糾之使不肆禁之使勿為\n大役則帥民徒而至治其政令既役則受州里之役\n要以考司空之闢以逆其役事\n訂\n義\n玉昭禹曰大役任眾力役之大者若城郭溝渠\n之役州里州所裡也五黨為州民所居曰裡而所\n役之民出於州里役要役數之要書欲知役數之\n多寡　項氏曰司空掌役州里出役即州里所遣\n役之本數以考司空治役之章程則役事可得而\n鉤考矣\n凡邦事令作秩敘\n訂\n義\n王昭禹曰凡有所興治皆謂之事言邦事則非\n鄉里之自興治者也秩則制其常賜之多寡敘則\n差其事治之先後作秩敘者鄉吏也鄉師令之而\n已\n大祭祀羞牛牲共茅蒩大軍旅會同正治其徒役與\n其輦輦戮其犯命者大喪用役則帥其民而至遂治\n之及葬執纛以與匠師御而治役及窆執斧以□\n匠師凡四時之田前期出田法於州里簡其鼓鐸旗\n物兵器修其卒伍及期以司徒之大旗致眾庶而陳\n之以旗物辨鄉邑而治其政令刑禁巡其前後之屯\n而戮其犯命者斷其爭禽之訟凡四時之徵令有常\n者以木鐸徇於市朝以歲時巡國及野而賙萬民之\n厄以王命施惠歲終則考六鄉之治以詔廢置正\n歲稽其鄉器比共吉凶二服閭共祭器族共喪器黨\n共射器州共賓器鄉共吉凶禮樂之器\n訂\n義\n鄭鍔曰先王之世宮室車輿以為居衣裳冕弁\n以為服尊爵俎豆以為器金石絲竹以為樂非特\n用之朝廷又用之閭里民日從事於其間耳聞而\n目見之所以知禮樂之意而成粹美之俗竊疑閭\n裡之間何從有是器而用之及考鄉師然後知六\n鄉之民俱合眾財以為之人眾則財用足財用足\n則器用備故觀其人所聚之眾寡各因其財力使\n制其器比五家耳財適足以制吉凶弔祭之二服\n故比集財為之而一比共用焉器則未能備也閭\n二十五家財適足以制簠簋鼎俎之器故閭集財\n以為之而一閭共用焉族之百家財適足以制夷\n盤輁軸之器故族集財以為之而一族共用焉至\n於射器則定其位有物課其功有算詔之有旌節\n之有鼓有弓有矢有侯有布用財多故合五百家\n之財而為之賓器則六十者三豆七十者四豆八\n十者五豆九十者六豆有爵有罍有笙有瑟其用\n尤多故合二千五百家之財而為之然後共用也\n吉凶禮樂之器即閭里黨州所共者是已　王昭\n禹曰吉器非必祭器凡飲食冠昏之屬皆是兇器\n非必喪器凡干戈戚揚之屬皆是禮樂之器非必\n賓射之器凡有其具於禮樂者皆是吉凶禮樂之\n器眾矣故集一鄉之財為之然後足以供也\n若國大比則考教察辭稽器展事以詔誅賞\n訂\n義\n王昭禹曰六鄉之吏各主教其所屬之民或書\n其敬敏任恤或書其孝悌睦□有學者或書其德\n行道藝或考其德行道藝而勸之若此之屬無非\n教矣然教之不明也常起於辭之不正辭苟不正\n則言偽而辨順非而澤飾智以驚愚訛言以惑眾\n將至於不可御矣\n鄉老二鄉則公一人鄉大夫每鄉卿一人\n訂\n義\n王氏曰鄉老公也尊之於鄉憲其言行不累以\n事故稱老鄉老於司徒之官非屬而無職　黃氏\n曰鄉大夫猶有職掌鄉老惟大比興賢能獻書於\n王則與焉所謂師也父兄也　陳君舉曰鄉大夫\n卿也謂之大夫卿知進止之義大夫以智帥人者\n也進止所以事人帥人所以臨下列職於朝名之\n曰卿正其位也分治六鄉名之曰大夫非卑之也\n蓋掌鄉之政教禁令非以智帥人不可鄉大夫之\n職所以異於地官者以此\n鄉大夫之職各掌其鄉之政教禁令\n注\n鄭司農曰萬二千五百家為鄉\n正月之吉受教法於司徒退而頒之於其鄉吏使各\n以教其所治以考其德行察其道藝以歲時登其夫\n家之眾寡辨其可任者國中自七尺以及六十野自\n六尺以及六十有五皆徵之\n訂\n義\n王昭禹曰族師職卑所統者寡故使之校其數\n然後登上其籍鄉大夫職尊所統者眾","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}