{"resource_id":5201,"title":"梦溪笔谈","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"序","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"卷一　故事一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","title":"卷二　故事二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","title":"卷三　辨證一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","title":"卷四　辨證二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","title":"卷五　樂律一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","title":"卷六　樂律二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","title":"卷七　象數一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","title":"卷八　象數二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","title":"卷九　人事一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","title":"卷十　人事二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-12","title":"卷十一　官政一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-13","title":"卷十二　官政二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-14","title":"卷十三　權智","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-15","title":"卷十四　藝文一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-16","title":"卷十五　藝文二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-17","title":"卷十六　藝文三","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-18","title":"卷十七　書畫","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-19","title":"卷十八　技藝","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-20","title":"卷十九　器用","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-21","title":"卷二十　神奇","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-22","title":"卷二十一　異事異疾附","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-23","title":"卷二十二　謬誤譎詐附","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-24","title":"卷二十三　譏謔","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-25","title":"卷二十四　雜誌一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-26","title":"卷二十五　雜誌二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-27","title":"卷二十六　藥議","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-28","title":"補筆談卷一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-29","title":"補筆談卷二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-30","title":"補筆談卷三","paragraphs":["續筆談十一篇"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-31","title":"序","paragraphs":["予退處林下，深居絕過從。思平日與客言者，時紀一事於筆，則若有所晤言，蕭然移日，所與談者，唯筆硯而已，謂之《筆談》。聖謨國政，及事近宮省，皆不敢私紀。至於系當日士大夫譭譽者，雖善亦不欲書，非止不言人惡而已。所錄唯山間木蔭，率意談噱，不繫人之利害者；下至閭巷之言，靡所不有。亦有得於傳聞者，其間不能無缺謬。以之為言，則甚卑，以予為無意於言可也。"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-32","title":"卷一　故事一","paragraphs":["上親郊郊廟，冊文皆曰“恭薦歳事”。先景靈宮，謂之“朝獻”；次太廟，謂之“朝饗”；末乃有事於南郊。予集《郊式》時，曾預討論，常疑其次序，若先為尊，則效不應在廟後；若後為尊，則景靈宮不應在太廟之先。求共所從來，蓋有所因。按唐故事，凡有事地上帝，則百神皆預遣使祭告，唯太清宮、太廟則皇帝親行。其冊祝皆曰“取某月某日有事於某所，不敢不告。”宮、廟謂之“奏告”，餘皆謂之“祭告”。唯有事於南郊，方為“正祠”。至天寶九載，乃下詔曰：“‘告’者，上告下之詞。今後太清宮宜稱‘朝獻’，太廟稱‘朝饗’。”自此遂失“奏告”之名，冊文皆為“正祠”。","正衙法座，香木為之，加金飾，四足，墮角，其前小偃，織藤冒之。每車駕出幸，則使老內臣馬上抱之，曰“駕頭”。輦後曲蓋謂之“筤”。兩扇夾心，通謂之“扇筤”。皆繡，亦有銷金者，即古之華蓋也。","唐翰林院在禁中，乃人主燕居之所，玉堂、承明、金鑾殿皆在其間。應供奉之人，自學士已下，工伎群官司隸籍其間者，皆稱翰林，如今之翰林醫官、翰林待詔之類是也。唯翰林茶酒司止稱“翰林司”，蓋相承闕文。唐制，自宰相而下，初命皆無宣召之禮，惟學士宣召。蓋學士院在禁中，非內臣宣召，無因得入，故院門別設復門，亦以其通禁庭也。又學士院北扉者，為其在浴堂之南，便於應召。今學士初拜，自東華門入，至左承天門下馬；待詔、院吏自左承天門雙引至門。此亦用唐故事也。唐宣召學士，自東門入者，彼時學士院在西掖，故自翰林院東門赴召，非若今之東華門也。至如挽鈴故事，亦緣其在禁中，雖學士院吏，亦止於玉堂門外，則其嚴密可知。如今學士院在外，與諸司無異，亦設鈴索，悉皆文具故事而已。","學士院玉堂，太宗皇帝曾親倖。至今唯學士上日許正坐，他日皆不敢獨坐。故事：堂中設視草臺，每草制，則具衣冠據臺而坐。今不復如此，但存空臺而已。玉堂東承旨子窗格上有火然處。太宗嘗夜幸玉堂，蘇易簡為學士，已寢，遽起，無燭具衣冠，宮嬪自窗格引燭入照之。至今不欲更易，以為玉堂一盛事。","東西頭供奉官，本唐從官之名。自永微以後，人主多居大明宮，別置從官，謂之“東頭供奉官”。西內具員不廢，則謂之“西頭供奉官”。","唐制，兩省供奉官東西對立，謂之“蛾眉班”。國初，供奉班於百官前橫列。王溥罷相為東宮，一品班在供奉班之後，遂令供奉班依舊分立。慶曆賈安公為中丞，以東西班對拜為非禮，復令橫行。至今初敘班分立；百官班定，乃轉班橫行；參罷，復分立；百官班退，乃出。參用舊制也。","衣冠故事，多無著令，但相承為例；如學士舍人躡履見丞相，往還用平狀，扣階乘馬之類，皆用故事也。近歳多用靴簡。章子厚為學士日，因事論列，今則遂為著令矣。","中國衣冠，自北齊以來，乃全用胡服。窄袖、緋綠短衣、長靿靴、有鞢帶，皆胡服也。窄袖利於馳射，短衣、長靿皆便於涉草。胡人樂茂草，常寢處其間，予使北時皆見之。雖王庭亦在深薦中。予至胡庭日，新雨過，涉草，衣褲皆濡，唯胡人都無所沾。帶衣所垂蹀躞，蓋欲佩帶弓劍、帉帨、算囊、刀礪之類。自後雖去蹀躞，而猶存其環，環所以銜蹀躞，如馬之鞧根，即今之帶銙也。天子必以十三環為節，唐武德貞觀時猶爾。開元之後，雖仍舊俗，而稍褒博矣。然帶鉤尚穿帶本為孔，本朝加順折，茂人文也。幞頭一謂之四腳，乃四帶也。二帶系腦後垂之，二帶反系頭上，令曲折附頂，故亦謂之“折上巾”。唐制，唯人主得用硬腳。晚唐方鎮擅命，始僭用硬腳。本朝幞頭有直腳、局腳、交腳、朝天、順風，凡五等。唯直腳貴賤通服之。又庶人所戴頭巾，唐人亦謂之“四腳”，蓋兩腳系腦後，兩腳系頷下，取其服勞不脫也。無事則反繫於頂上。今人不復系頷下，兩帶遂為虛設。","唐中書指揮事謂之“堂帖子”，曾見唐人堂帖，宰相簽押，格如今之堂劄子也。","予及史館檢討時，議樞密院劄子問宣頭所起。餘按唐故事，中書舍人職堂語詔，皆寫四本：一本為底，一本為宣。此“宣”謂行出耳，未以名書也。晚唐樞密使自禁中受旨，出付中書，即謂之“宣”。中書承受，錄之於籍，謂之“宣底”。今史館中尚有故《宣底》二卷，如今之《聖語簿》也。梁朝初置崇仁院，專行密命。至後唐莊宗復樞密使，使郭崇韜、安重誨為之，始分領政事，不關由中書直行下者謂之“宣”，如中書之“敕”。小事則發頭子，擬堂貼也。至今樞密院用宣及頭子，本朝樞密院亦用劄子。但中書劄子，宰相押字在上，次相及參政以次向下；樞密院劄子，樞長押字在下，副貳以次向上：以此為別。頭子唯給驛馬之類用之。","百官於中書見宰相，九卿而下，即省吏高聲唱一聲“屈”，則趨而入。宰相揖及進茶，皆抗聲贊喝，謂之“屈揖”。待制以上見，則言“請某官”，更不屈揖，臨退仍進湯，皆於席南橫設百官之位，升朝則坐，京官已下皆立。後殿引臣寮，則待制已上宣名拜舞；庶官但贊拜，不宣名，不舞蹈。中書略貴者，示與之抗也。上前則略微者，殺禮也。","唐制，丞郎拜官，即籠門謝。今三司副使已上拜官，則拜舞於子階上；百官拜於階下，而不舞蹈。此亦籠門故事也。","學士院第三廳學士子，當前有一巨槐，素號“槐廳”。舊傳居此者，多至入相。學士爭槐廳，至有抵徹前人行李而強據之者。餘為"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"序","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷一　故事一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷二　故事二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷三　辨證一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷四　辨證二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷五　樂律一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷六　樂律二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷七　象數一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷八　象數二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷九　人事一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷十　人事二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-12","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷十一　官政一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-13","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷十二　官政二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-14","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷十三　權智","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-15","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷十四　藝文一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-16","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷十五　藝文二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-17","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷十六　藝文三","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-18","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷十七　書畫","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-19","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷十八　技藝","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-20","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷十九　器用","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-21","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷二十　神奇","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-22","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷二十一　異事異疾附","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-23","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷二十二　謬誤譎詐附","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-24","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷二十三　譏謔","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-25","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷二十四　雜誌一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-26","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷二十五　雜誌二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-27","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷二十六　藥議","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-28","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"補筆談卷一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-29","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"補筆談卷二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-30","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"補筆談卷三","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-31","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"序","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-32","chapter_title":"《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括","section_title":"卷一　故事一","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 《夢溪筆談》北宋 沈括\n## 序\n## 卷一　故事一\n## 卷二　故事二\n## 卷三　辨證一\n## 卷四　辨證二\n## 卷五　樂律一\n## 卷六　樂律二\n## 卷七　象數一\n## 卷八　象數二\n## 卷九　人事一\n## 卷十　人事二\n## 卷十一　官政一\n## 卷十二　官政二\n## 卷十三　權智\n## 卷十四　藝文一\n## 卷十五　藝文二\n## 卷十六　藝文三\n## 卷十七　書畫\n## 卷十八　技藝\n## 卷十九　器用\n## 卷二十　神奇\n## 卷二十一　異事異疾附\n## 卷二十二　謬誤譎詐附\n## 卷二十三　譏謔\n## 卷二十四　雜誌一\n## 卷二十五　雜誌二\n## 卷二十六　藥議\n## 補筆談卷一\n## 補筆談卷二\n## 補筆談卷三\n續筆談十一篇\n## 序\n予退處林下，深居絕過從。思平日與客言者，時紀一事於筆，則若有所晤言，蕭然移日，所與談者，唯筆硯而已，謂之《筆談》。聖謨國政，及事近宮省，皆不敢私紀。至於系當日士大夫譭譽者，雖善亦不欲書，非止不言人惡而已。所錄唯山間木蔭，率意談噱，不繫人之利害者；下至閭巷之言，靡所不有。亦有得於傳聞者，其間不能無缺謬。以之為言，則甚卑，以予為無意於言可也。\n## 卷一　故事一\n上親郊郊廟，冊文皆曰“恭薦歳事”。先景靈宮，謂之“朝獻”；次太廟，謂之“朝饗”；末乃有事於南郊。予集《郊式》時，曾預討論，常疑其次序，若先為尊，則效不應在廟後；若後為尊，則景靈宮不應在太廟之先。求共所從來，蓋有所因。按唐故事，凡有事地上帝，則百神皆預遣使祭告，唯太清宮、太廟則皇帝親行。其冊祝皆曰“取某月某日有事於某所，不敢不告。”宮、廟謂之“奏告”，餘皆謂之“祭告”。唯有事於南郊，方為“正祠”。至天寶九載，乃下詔曰：“‘告’者，上告下之詞。今後太清宮宜稱‘朝獻’，太廟稱‘朝饗’。”自此遂失“奏告”之名，冊文皆為“正祠”。\n正衙法座，香木為之，加金飾，四足，墮角，其前小偃，織藤冒之。每車駕出幸，則使老內臣馬上抱之，曰“駕頭”。輦後曲蓋謂之“筤”。兩扇夾心，通謂之“扇筤”。皆繡，亦有銷金者，即古之華蓋也。\n唐翰林院在禁中，乃人主燕居之所，玉堂、承明、金鑾殿皆在其間。應供奉之人，自學士已下，工伎群官司隸籍其間者，皆稱翰林，如今之翰林醫官、翰林待詔之類是也。唯翰林茶酒司止稱“翰林司”，蓋相承闕文。唐制，自宰相而下，初命皆無宣召之禮，惟學士宣召。蓋學士院在禁中，非內臣宣召，無因得入，故院門別設復門，亦以其通禁庭也。又學士院北扉者，為其在浴堂之南，便於應召。今學士初拜，自東華門入，至左承天門下馬；待詔、院吏自左承天門雙引至門。此亦用唐故事也。唐宣召學士，自東門入者，彼時學士院在西掖，故自翰林院東門赴召，非若今之東華門也。至如挽鈴故事，亦緣其在禁中，雖學士院吏，亦止於玉堂門外，則其嚴密可知。如今學士院在外，與諸司無異，亦設鈴索，悉皆文具故事而已。\n學士院玉堂，太宗皇帝曾親倖。至今唯學士上日許正坐，他日皆不敢獨坐。故事：堂中設視草臺，每草制，則具衣冠據臺而坐。今不復如此，但存空臺而已。玉堂東承旨子窗格上有火然處。太宗嘗夜幸玉堂，蘇易簡為學士，已寢，遽起，無燭具衣冠，宮嬪自窗格引燭入照之。至今不欲更易，以為玉堂一盛事。\n東西頭供奉官，本唐從官之名。自永微以後，人主多居大明宮，別置從官，謂之“東頭供奉官”。西內具員不廢，則謂之“西頭供奉官”。\n唐制，兩省供奉官東西對立，謂之“蛾眉班”。國初，供奉班於百官前橫列。王溥罷相為東宮，一品班在供奉班之後，遂令供奉班依舊分立。慶曆賈安公為中丞，以東西班對拜為非禮，復令橫行。至今初敘班分立；百官班定，乃轉班橫行；參罷，復分立；百官班退，乃出。參用舊制也。\n衣冠故事，多無著令，但相承為例；如學士舍人躡履見丞相，往還用平狀，扣階乘馬之類，皆用故事也。近歳多用靴簡。章子厚為學士日，因事論列，今則遂為著令矣。\n中國衣冠，自北齊以來，乃全用胡服。窄袖、緋綠短衣、長靿靴、有鞢帶，皆胡服也。窄袖利於馳射，短衣、長靿皆便於涉草。胡人樂茂草，常寢處其間，予使北時皆見之。雖王庭亦在深薦中。予至胡庭日，新雨過，涉草，衣褲皆濡，唯胡人都無所沾。帶衣所垂蹀躞，蓋欲佩帶弓劍、帉帨、算囊、刀礪之類。自後雖去蹀躞，而猶存其環，環所以銜蹀躞，如馬之鞧根，即今之帶銙也。天子必以十三環為節，唐武德貞觀時猶爾。開元之後，雖仍舊俗，而稍褒博矣。然帶鉤尚穿帶本為孔，本朝加順折，茂人文也。幞頭一謂之四腳，乃四帶也。二帶系腦後垂之，二帶反系頭上，令曲折附頂，故亦謂之“折上巾”。唐制，唯人主得用硬腳。晚唐方鎮擅命，始僭用硬腳。本朝幞頭有直腳、局腳、交腳、朝天、順風，凡五等。唯直腳貴賤通服之。又庶人所戴頭巾，唐人亦謂之“四腳”，蓋兩腳系腦後，兩腳系頷下，取其服勞不脫也。無事則反繫於頂上。今人不復系頷下，兩帶遂為虛設。\n唐中書指揮事謂之“堂帖子”，曾見唐人堂帖，宰相簽押，格如今之堂劄子也。\n予及史館檢討時，議樞密院劄子問宣頭所起。餘按唐故事，中書舍人職堂語詔，皆寫四本：一本為底，一本為宣。此“宣”謂行出耳，未以名書也。晚唐樞密使自禁中受旨，出付中書，即謂之“宣”。中書承受，錄之於籍，謂之“宣底”。今史館中尚有故《宣底》二卷，如今之《聖語簿》也。梁朝初置崇仁院，專行密命。至後唐莊宗復樞密使，使郭崇韜、安重誨為之，始分領政事，不關由中書直行下者謂之“宣”，如中書之“敕”。小事則發頭子，擬堂貼也。至今樞密院用宣及頭子，本朝樞密院亦用劄子。但中書劄子，宰相押字在上，次相及參政以次向下；樞密院劄子，樞長押字在下，副貳以次向上：以此為別。頭子唯給驛馬之類用之。\n百官於中書見宰相，九卿而下，即省吏高聲唱一聲“屈”，則趨而入。宰相揖及進茶，皆抗聲贊喝，謂之“屈揖”。待制以上見，則言“請某官”，更不屈揖，臨退仍進湯，皆於席南橫設百官之位，升朝則坐，京官已下皆立。後殿引臣寮，則待制已上宣名拜舞；庶官但贊拜，不宣名，不舞蹈。中書略貴者，示與之抗也。上前則略微者，殺禮也。\n唐制，丞郎拜官，即籠門謝。今三司副使已上拜官，則拜舞於子階上；百官拜於階下，而不舞蹈。此亦籠門故事也。\n學士院第三廳學士子，當前有一巨槐，素號“槐廳”。舊傳居此者，多至入相。學士爭槐廳，至有抵徹前人行李而強據之者。餘為","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}