{"resource_id":5040,"title":"论衡校释","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"論衡校釋","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"自序","paragraphs":["例略"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"劉盼遂集解自序","paragraphs":["論衡校釋"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","title":"第一卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","title":"逢遇第一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","title":"累害第二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","title":"命祿第三","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","title":"氣壽第四","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","title":"第二卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","title":"幸偶第五","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","title":"命義第六","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","title":"無形第七","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-12","title":"率性第八","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-13","title":"吉驗第九","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-14","title":"第三卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-15","title":"偶會第十","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-16","title":"骨相第十一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-17","title":"初稟第十二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-18","title":"本性第十三","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-19","title":"物勢第十四","paragraphs":["奇怪第十五本篇題雲「奇怪」。各本並同。"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-20","title":"第四卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-21","title":"書虛第十六","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-22","title":"變虛第十七","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-23","title":"第五卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-24","title":"異虛第十八","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-25","title":"感虛第十九","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-26","title":"第六卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-27","title":"福虛第二十","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-28","title":"禍虛第二十一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-29","title":"龍虛第二十二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-30","title":"雷虛第二十三","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-31","title":"第七卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-32","title":"道虛第二十四","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-33","title":"語增第二十五","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-34","title":"第八卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-35","title":"儒增第二十六","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-36","title":"藝增第二十七","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-37","title":"第九卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-38","title":"問孔第二十八","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-39","title":"第十卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-40","title":"非韓第二十九","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-41","title":"刺孟第三十","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-42","title":"第十一卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-43","title":"談天第三十一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-44","title":"說日第三十二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-45","title":"答佞第三十三","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-46","title":"第十二卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-47","title":"程材第三十四","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-48","title":"量知第三十五","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-49","title":"謝短第三十六","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-50","title":"第十三卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-51","title":"效力第三十七","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-52","title":"別通第三十八","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-53","title":"超奇第三十九","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-54","title":"第十四卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-55","title":"狀留第四十","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-56","title":"寒溫第四十一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-57","title":"譴告第四十二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-58","title":"第十五卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-59","title":"變動第四十三","paragraphs":["招致第四十四闕"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-60","title":"明雩第四十五","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-61","title":"順鼓第四十六","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-62","title":"第十六卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-63","title":"亂龍第四十七","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-64","title":"遭虎第四十八","paragraphs":["商蟲第四十九當作「適蟲」。說詳本篇。"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-65","title":"講瑞第五十","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-66","title":"第十七卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-67","title":"指瑞第五十一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-68","title":"是應第五十二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-69","title":"治期第五十三","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-70","title":"第十八卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-71","title":"自然第五十四","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-72","title":"感類第五十五","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-73","title":"齊世第五十六","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-74","title":"第十九卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-75","title":"宣漢第五十七","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-76","title":"恢國第五十八","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-77","title":"驗符第五十九","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-78","title":"第二十卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-79","title":"須頌第六十","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-80","title":"佚文第六十一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-81","title":"論死第六十二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-82","title":"第二十一卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-83","title":"死偽第六十三","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-84","title":"第二十二卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-85","title":"紀妖第六十四","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-86","title":"訂鬼第六十五","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-87","title":"第二十三卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-88","title":"言毒第六十六","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-89","title":"薄葬第六十七","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-90","title":"四諱第六十八","paragraphs":["□時第六十九"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-91","title":"第二十四卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-92","title":"譏日第七十","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-93","title":"卜筮第七十一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-94","title":"辨祟第七十二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-95","title":"難歲第七十三","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-96","title":"第二十五卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-97","title":"詰術第七十四","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-98","title":"解除第七十五","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-99","title":"祀義第七十六","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-100","title":"祭意第七十七","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-101","title":"第二十六卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-102","title":"實知第七十八","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-103","title":"知實第七十九","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-104","title":"第二十七卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-105","title":"定賢第八十","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-106","title":"第二十八卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-107","title":"正說第八十一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-108","title":"書解第八十二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-109","title":"第二十九卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-110","title":"案書第八十三","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-111","title":"對作第八十四","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-112","title":"第三十卷","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-113","title":"自紀第八十五","paragraphs":["附編一","論衡佚文","附編二","王充年譜","附編三","論衡舊評","附編四","王充的論衡","附編五","論衡版本卷帙考","附編六"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-114","title":"論衡舊序","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-115","title":"宋慶曆楊刻本序","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-116","title":"宋刊元明補修本序","paragraphs":["程本序一","程本序二","明天啟本序一","明天啟本序二","明天啟本序三","明天啟本序四"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-117","title":"王本跋","paragraphs":["論衡集解附錄","後記"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-118","title":"自序","paragraphs":["論衡是中國哲學史上一部劃時代的著作。自從董仲舒治公羊，明天人相感之說，以為天是有意志的，與人的意識相感應。大小夏侯、眭孟、京房、翼奉、李尋、劉向等都推演其說。儒家到了此時，內部起了質的變化，披著巫祝圖讖的外衣，把天說得太神秘，太聰明，人的行動，是要受他的裁判，這就是一班漢儒所說的陰陽災異的理論。","這種荒謬的迷信的理論，把儒家改裝成為帶有宗教性的儒教，自漢武帝時起到光武時止，一直支援了一百多年，才能有小小的反動：即鄭興、尹敏、桓譚一班人。但他們只知道攻擊圖讖的荒謬，對這些儒教徒所持天人感應說的原理，還不能根本上擊破，或者還相信這原理。到了仲任，才大膽的有計劃的作正式的攻擊，用道家的自然主義攻擊這儒教的天人感應說，使中古哲學史上揭開一大波瀾。","論衡全書就是披露這天人感應說的妄誕。用自然主義為其理論的出發點。現在把論衡全書，就他的思想體系，列為六組：","第一組是說性命的。","甲、性命說所依據的理論：","物勢十四。","乙、說性的：","本性十三。率性八。","丙、說命的：","初稟十二。無形七。偶會十。命祿三。氣壽四。命義六。逢遇一。累害二。幸偶五。吉驗六。","丁、性和命在骨體上的表徵：","骨相十一。","〔注〕物勢篇說：「天地合氣，人偶自生。」此為仲任以性命定於初稟自然之氣（初稟篇語。）所據之理。骨相篇說：「非徒命有骨法，性亦有骨法。」是仲任的意思：性命稟於自然，現於骨法。各篇排列的順序，不依原書目次，是以其理論的體系之先後為據。","第二組是說天人的關係。","甲、天人關係說所依據的理論：","自然五四。","乙、評當時儒家陰陽災異天人感應諸說違天道自然之義：","寒溫四一。譴告四二。變動四三。招致四四。闕。感類五五。","丙、論當時災異變動：","明雩四五。順鼓四六。亂龍四七。遭虎四八。商蟲四九。","丁、論當時瑞應：","治期五三。齊世五六。講瑞五十。指瑞五一。是應五二。宣漢五七。恢國五八。驗符五九。須頌六十。佚文六一。","〔注〕仲任說災變符瑞，以「適偶」代替「感應」，以自然主義為宗。","第三組論人鬼關係及當時禁忌。","甲、論人鬼關係：","論死六二。死偽六二。紀妖六四。訂鬼六五。言毒六六。薄葬六七。祀義七六。祭意七七。","乙、論當時禁忌：","四諱六八。□時六九。譏日七十。卜筮七一。辨祟七二。難歲七三。詰術七四。解除七五。","〔注〕人稟天地自然之氣，偶適而生，（見物勢、初稟、無形等篇。）人死則精氣滅，（論死篇語。）故人死不能為鬼。無鬼，則祭祀只緣生事死而已，無歆享之義。（祀義、祭意篇語。）吉凶禍福，皆遭適偶然，（偶會篇語。）故不信一切禁忌。","第四組論書傳中關於感應之說違自然之義和虛妄之言。","甲、評書傳中關於天人感應說的：","變虛十七。異虛十八。感虛十九。福虛二十。禍虛二一。龍虛二二。雷虛二三。","乙、評書傳中虛妄之言：","奇怪十五。書虛十六。道虛二四。語增二五。儒增二六。藝增二七。問孔二八。非韓二九。刺孟三十。談天三一。說日三二。實知七八。知實七九。定賢八十。正說八一。書解八二。案書八三。","第五組是程量賢佞才知的。","答佞三三。程材三四。量知三五。謝短三六。效力三七。別通三八。超奇三九。狀留四十。","第六組當作自序和自傳的。","對作八四。自紀八五。","這八十五篇書，今缺招致一篇。反覆詰辯，不離其宗，真是一部有體系的著作。可惜這部大著，宋以後的人就忽略它了。","從漢到現在，大家對於這部書的認識，可以分作三期：","一從漢到唐　如謝夷吾、蔡邕、王朗、虞翻、抱朴子、劉知幾等，都認為是一代的偉著。詳後舊評。","二宋　帶著道學的習氣，認為論衡是一部離經叛道的書。如晁公武、高似孫、陳振孫、王應麟、葛勝仲、呂南公、黃震等是。詳後舊評。","三明、清　取其辯博，但對於問孔、刺孟仍沿宋人成見，罵他是非聖無法。如熊伯龍、無何集。沈雲楫、虞淳熙、閻光表、施莊、劉光鬥、傅嚴、見後舊序。劉熙載、陳鱣、周廣業、章太炎先生見後舊評。都是極力表張此書。四庫全書目錄提要、乾隆讀論衡跋、譚宗浚、王鳴盛、梁玉繩等見後舊評。皆詆訾此書，或譭譽參半。","對論衡有真正的認識，還是最近二十多年的事。因為諸子是研究思想史的寶藏，研究諸子的興趣，不減於經史。治諸子的人，盡革前儒一孔之見，實事求是，作體系的歷史的探討。不因為他問了孔子，刺了孟子，就減"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"論衡校釋","section_title":"自序","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"論衡校釋","section_title":"劉盼遂集解自序","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","chapter_title":"論衡校釋","section_title":"第一卷","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","chapter_title":"論衡校釋","section_title":"逢遇第一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","chapter_title":"論衡校釋","section_title":"累害第二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","ch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論衡校釋\n## 自序\n例略\n## 劉盼遂集解自序\n論衡校釋\n## 第一卷\n## 逢遇第一\n## 累害第二\n## 命祿第三\n## 氣壽第四\n## 第二卷\n## 幸偶第五\n## 命義第六\n## 無形第七\n## 率性第八\n## 吉驗第九\n## 第三卷\n## 偶會第十\n## 骨相第十一\n## 初稟第十二\n## 本性第十三\n## 物勢第十四\n奇怪第十五本篇題雲「奇怪」。各本並同。\n## 第四卷\n## 書虛第十六\n## 變虛第十七\n## 第五卷\n## 異虛第十八\n## 感虛第十九\n## 第六卷\n## 福虛第二十\n## 禍虛第二十一\n## 龍虛第二十二\n## 雷虛第二十三\n## 第七卷\n## 道虛第二十四\n## 語增第二十五\n## 第八卷\n## 儒增第二十六\n## 藝增第二十七\n## 第九卷\n## 問孔第二十八\n## 第十卷\n## 非韓第二十九\n## 刺孟第三十\n## 第十一卷\n## 談天第三十一\n## 說日第三十二\n## 答佞第三十三\n## 第十二卷\n## 程材第三十四\n## 量知第三十五\n## 謝短第三十六\n## 第十三卷\n## 效力第三十七\n## 別通第三十八\n## 超奇第三十九\n## 第十四卷\n## 狀留第四十\n## 寒溫第四十一\n## 譴告第四十二\n## 第十五卷\n## 變動第四十三\n招致第四十四闕\n## 明雩第四十五\n## 順鼓第四十六\n## 第十六卷\n## 亂龍第四十七\n## 遭虎第四十八\n商蟲第四十九當作「適蟲」。說詳本篇。\n## 講瑞第五十\n## 第十七卷\n## 指瑞第五十一\n## 是應第五十二\n## 治期第五十三\n## 第十八卷\n## 自然第五十四\n## 感類第五十五\n## 齊世第五十六\n## 第十九卷\n## 宣漢第五十七\n## 恢國第五十八\n## 驗符第五十九\n## 第二十卷\n## 須頌第六十\n## 佚文第六十一\n## 論死第六十二\n## 第二十一卷\n## 死偽第六十三\n## 第二十二卷\n## 紀妖第六十四\n## 訂鬼第六十五\n## 第二十三卷\n## 言毒第六十六\n## 薄葬第六十七\n## 四諱第六十八\n□時第六十九\n## 第二十四卷\n## 譏日第七十\n## 卜筮第七十一\n## 辨祟第七十二\n## 難歲第七十三\n## 第二十五卷\n## 詰術第七十四\n## 解除第七十五\n## 祀義第七十六\n## 祭意第七十七\n## 第二十六卷\n## 實知第七十八\n## 知實第七十九\n## 第二十七卷\n## 定賢第八十\n## 第二十八卷\n## 正說第八十一\n## 書解第八十二\n## 第二十九卷\n## 案書第八十三\n## 對作第八十四\n## 第三十卷\n## 自紀第八十五\n附編一\n論衡佚文\n附編二\n王充年譜\n附編三\n論衡舊評\n附編四\n王充的論衡\n附編五\n論衡版本卷帙考\n附編六\n## 論衡舊序\n## 宋慶曆楊刻本序\n## 宋刊元明補修本序\n程本序一\n程本序二\n明天啟本序一\n明天啟本序二\n明天啟本序三\n明天啟本序四\n## 王本跋\n論衡集解附錄\n後記\n## 自序\n論衡是中國哲學史上一部劃時代的著作。自從董仲舒治公羊，明天人相感之說，以為天是有意志的，與人的意識相感應。大小夏侯、眭孟、京房、翼奉、李尋、劉向等都推演其說。儒家到了此時，內部起了質的變化，披著巫祝圖讖的外衣，把天說得太神秘，太聰明，人的行動，是要受他的裁判，這就是一班漢儒所說的陰陽災異的理論。\n這種荒謬的迷信的理論，把儒家改裝成為帶有宗教性的儒教，自漢武帝時起到光武時止，一直支援了一百多年，才能有小小的反動：即鄭興、尹敏、桓譚一班人。但他們只知道攻擊圖讖的荒謬，對這些儒教徒所持天人感應說的原理，還不能根本上擊破，或者還相信這原理。到了仲任，才大膽的有計劃的作正式的攻擊，用道家的自然主義攻擊這儒教的天人感應說，使中古哲學史上揭開一大波瀾。\n論衡全書就是披露這天人感應說的妄誕。用自然主義為其理論的出發點。現在把論衡全書，就他的思想體系，列為六組：\n第一組是說性命的。\n甲、性命說所依據的理論：\n物勢十四。\n乙、說性的：\n本性十三。率性八。\n丙、說命的：\n初稟十二。無形七。偶會十。命祿三。氣壽四。命義六。逢遇一。累害二。幸偶五。吉驗六。\n丁、性和命在骨體上的表徵：\n骨相十一。\n〔注〕物勢篇說：「天地合氣，人偶自生。」此為仲任以性命定於初稟自然之氣（初稟篇語。）所據之理。骨相篇說：「非徒命有骨法，性亦有骨法。」是仲任的意思：性命稟於自然，現於骨法。各篇排列的順序，不依原書目次，是以其理論的體系之先後為據。\n第二組是說天人的關係。\n甲、天人關係說所依據的理論：\n自然五四。\n乙、評當時儒家陰陽災異天人感應諸說違天道自然之義：\n寒溫四一。譴告四二。變動四三。招致四四。闕。感類五五。\n丙、論當時災異變動：\n明雩四五。順鼓四六。亂龍四七。遭虎四八。商蟲四九。\n丁、論當時瑞應：\n治期五三。齊世五六。講瑞五十。指瑞五一。是應五二。宣漢五七。恢國五八。驗符五九。須頌六十。佚文六一。\n〔注〕仲任說災變符瑞，以「適偶」代替「感應」，以自然主義為宗。\n第三組論人鬼關係及當時禁忌。\n甲、論人鬼關係：\n論死六二。死偽六二。紀妖六四。訂鬼六五。言毒六六。薄葬六七。祀義七六。祭意七七。\n乙、論當時禁忌：\n四諱六八。□時六九。譏日七十。卜筮七一。辨祟七二。難歲七三。詰術七四。解除七五。\n〔注〕人稟天地自然之氣，偶適而生，（見物勢、初稟、無形等篇。）人死則精氣滅，（論死篇語。）故人死不能為鬼。無鬼，則祭祀只緣生事死而已，無歆享之義。（祀義、祭意篇語。）吉凶禍福，皆遭適偶然，（偶會篇語。）故不信一切禁忌。\n第四組論書傳中關於感應之說違自然之義和虛妄之言。\n甲、評書傳中關於天人感應說的：\n變虛十七。異虛十八。感虛十九。福虛二十。禍虛二一。龍虛二二。雷虛二三。\n乙、評書傳中虛妄之言：\n奇怪十五。書虛十六。道虛二四。語增二五。儒增二六。藝增二七。問孔二八。非韓二九。刺孟三十。談天三一。說日三二。實知七八。知實七九。定賢八十。正說八一。書解八二。案書八三。\n第五組是程量賢佞才知的。\n答佞三三。程材三四。量知三五。謝短三六。效力三七。別通三八。超奇三九。狀留四十。\n第六組當作自序和自傳的。\n對作八四。自紀八五。\n這八十五篇書，今缺招致一篇。反覆詰辯，不離其宗，真是一部有體系的著作。可惜這部大著，宋以後的人就忽略它了。\n從漢到現在，大家對於這部書的認識，可以分作三期：\n一從漢到唐　如謝夷吾、蔡邕、王朗、虞翻、抱朴子、劉知幾等，都認為是一代的偉著。詳後舊評。\n二宋　帶著道學的習氣，認為論衡是一部離經叛道的書。如晁公武、高似孫、陳振孫、王應麟、葛勝仲、呂南公、黃震等是。詳後舊評。\n三明、清　取其辯博，但對於問孔、刺孟仍沿宋人成見，罵他是非聖無法。如熊伯龍、無何集。沈雲楫、虞淳熙、閻光表、施莊、劉光鬥、傅嚴、見後舊序。劉熙載、陳鱣、周廣業、章太炎先生見後舊評。都是極力表張此書。四庫全書目錄提要、乾隆讀論衡跋、譚宗浚、王鳴盛、梁玉繩等見後舊評。皆詆訾此書，或譭譽參半。\n對論衡有真正的認識，還是最近二十多年的事。因為諸子是研究思想史的寶藏，研究諸子的興趣，不減於經史。治諸子的人，盡革前儒一孔之見，實事求是，作體系的歷史的探討。不因為他問了孔子，刺了孟子，就減","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}