{"resource_id":4921,"title":"农桑衣食撮要","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"《農桑衣食撮要》　　（元）魯明善 撰","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"欽定四庫全書","paragraphs":["子部四","農家類","農桑衣食撮要二卷"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"提要","paragraphs":["臣等謹案農桑衣食撮要二卷元魯明善撰明善元史無傳其始末未詳此本有其幕僚導江張慄序一篇稱明善輝和爾【舊作畏吾兒今依元國語解改正】人以父字魯為氏名鐵柱以字行於延佑甲寅出監壽陽郡始撰是書且鋟諸梓又有明善自序則稱叨憲紀之任取所蔵農桑撮要刋之學宮末署至順元年六月蓋自壽陽刋板之後閱十有七年而重付剞劂者也考豳風所紀皆陳物候夏小正所紀亦多切田功古來四民月令四時纂要諸書蓋其遺意而今多不傳至元中頒行農桑輯要扵耕種樹畜之法言之頗詳而歲用雜事僅列為卷末一篇未為賅備明善此書分十二月令件繫條別簡明易曉使種藝斂蔵之節開卷瞭然蓋以陰補農桑輯要所未備亦可謂留心民事講求實用者矣","乾隆四十六年九月恭校上","總纂官 （臣）紀昀 （臣）陸錫熊 （臣）孫士毅","總校官 （臣）陸費墀"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","title":"●魯明善農桑衣食撮要原序","paragraphs":["農桑衣食之本務農桑則衣食足衣食足則民可教以禮義民可教以禮義則家國天下可久安長治也虞夏殷周之興罔不由此秦漢而降知恤鮮哉我世祖皇帝中統建元之初首詔有司歲時勸課以厚民生立大司農司以專其任列聖相承式遵祖訓凡我臣子孰敢不虔乃者叨蒙憲紀之任因思衣食之本取所藏農桑撮要刋之學宮所以欽承上意而教民務本也凡天時地利之宜種植斂藏之法纖悉無遺具在是書茍為民者人習其業則生財足食之道仰事俯育之資將隨取而隨足庶乎教可行而民安於下矣固久安長治之策也其可以農圃細事而忽之哉雖然遊末是趨舍是書而不務以自取貧困固吾民之罪而奪其時以落其事使是書為徒設則有司之咎也於戲時和歲豐家給人足與吾民相忘於謡衢擊壤之域顧不美歟謹題其篇端以告來者庶牧民者知所勸也至順元年六月甲申謹敘"]}]},{"id":"chapter-2","title":"欽定四庫全書","sections":[{"id":"chapter-2-section-1","title":"農桑衣食撮要捲上","paragraphs":["（元）魯明善 撰","○正月　元旦宜齋戒焚香點燭拜謝天地日月星辰國王水土祖宗父母社稷六神勿興惡念每月若遇朔望之日依上焚香拜謝福徳必厚驗","歲朝","一日雞二日犬三日豕四日羊五日牛六日馬七日人八日榖日色晴明溫暖則蕃息安泰風雨陰寒慘冽則疾病衰耗以各日驗之","驗歲草","薺菜先生歲欲甘葶藶先生歲欲苦藕先生歲欲雨蒺藜先生歲欲旱蓬先生歲欲荒水藻先生歲欲惡艾先生歲欲病皆孟春佔之","教牛","牛者農之本為家長者須當留心提調每日水草不可失時水牛夏間下水坑不可觸熱冬間要溫暖切忌雪霜凍餓家有一牛可代七人力雖然畜類性與人同切宜愛惜保養","嫁樹","元日五更點火把照桑棗果木等樹則無蟲以刀斧班駁敲打樹身則結實此謂之嫁樹","移栽諸色果木樹","古人云移樹無時莫教樹知多留宿土記取南枝宜寛深開掘用少糞水和之成泥漿根有宿土者栽於泥中候水吃定次日方用土覆蓋根無宿土者深栽於泥中輕提起樹根與地平則根舒暢易得活三四日後方可用水澆灌上半月移栽則多實宜愛護勿令動揺","騸諸色果木樹","樹芽未生之時於根傍掘土須要寛深尋纂心釘地根截去留四邉亂根勿動卻用土覆蓋築令實則結果肥大勝挿接者謂之騸樹","栽桑樹","耕地宜熟移栽時行須用寛橫行闊八歩長行相離四歩對栽桑行中間可用牛耕故田不廢桑不致荒二月內移栽亦可臘月亦得","移栽諸樹","自朔暨晦可移松栢槐榆等樹二三月亦得","修桑","削去枯枝及低小亂枝條根傍開掘用糞土培壅與臘月同此月不修理則葉生遲而薄","種麻","古人云十耕蘿蔔九耕麻地要肥熟以土灰拌種或撒子以土灰和腐草蓋宻則細疎則粗布葉則刪耘宜帯露撒灰耘糞三兩次二三月皆可種之宜早不宜遲臘月八日亦得","種茄匏冬瓜葫蘆黃瓜菜瓜","此月預先以糞和灰土以瓦盆盛或桶盛貯候發熱過以瓜茄子挿於灰中常以水灑之日間朝日景夜間収於灶側暖處候生甲時分種於肥地常以少糞水澆灌上用低棚蓋之待長茂帶土移栽則易活社後亦可種之","芋秧","先將園地鉏過一遍又以新黃土覆在鉏過地上卻將芋芽向上宻排種之用草覆蓋候發出三四葉約四五寸髙於三月間移栽之","修諸色果木樹","削去低小亂枝條勿令分力結果自然肥大","栽蔥韭薤","去冗須微曬乾踈行宻排栽之宜雞糞培壅","種苦蕒萵苣生菜芥","二三月皆可移種宜用盫過熟灰糞培壅之","合小豆醤","小豆蒸爛冷定團成餅盫出黃衣穿掛當風處至三四月內用黒豆或黃豆炒過磨去皮簸淨煑熟撈出每小豆黃子一斗熟豆一石用鹽四十餘斤拌勻搗爛入甕每日攪動曬過七日後便可食用合醤時斟酌豆黃用之","修農具","築牆圍","開溝渠","修蠶屋","整屋漏","移栽諸般花窠","織蠶箔","○二月　月內三夘有則宜豆無則早種禾農家每歲經驗之言　驚蟄日以石灰摻於門限牆壁外則闢除諸般蟲蟻","種舊椹","宜熟耕地打成畦以舊椹撒於畦中常用水澆灌候芽出時如法愛護冬間附地割去其窠用柴草薄蓋以走火燒過火大則傷根糞草蓋至春杷耬去糞草用水澆灌每一窠出芽數枝留旺者一枝餘枝削去至秋長五六尺來春可移於熟地內相對作大寛行栽之","籖諸色菓木","揀好嫩枝條籖於芋頭或蘿蔔頭上栽易活腦上用箬葉包之若籖諸般花枝接頭亦得","種黍穄","新開荳田為上一畝用子四升春分前後宜用灰土和子種頻鉏三五窠作一叢書曰黍心未生雨灌其心心傷無實黍心初生畏天露次日早用苘麻散絟長繩上令兩人對持於黍上牽拽抹去其露則不傷黍刈穄欲早黍欲晚諺曰穄青喉黍折頭黍穄熟時炊飯又可釀酒搗碎蒸餻以備日用春後皆可種","種椒","擇溼潤肥地深耕杷勻取上年元埋地中椒子種之用灰糞和細土覆蓋則易生來年依時分開每株約離七八尺地用麻籸灰糞栽之忌水浸根三年後換嫩枝方結實闢蛇吃椒宜種香白芷或以髪纒樹根種生菜亦得","種茶","宜斜坡陰地走水處用糠與焦土種每一圏可用六七十粒覆土厚一寸出時不要耘草旱以米泔澆常以小便糞水或蠶沙壅之水浸根必死三年後可採茶相離二尺種一叢","種西瓜","宜肥地種掘地作坑如斗大每坑納瓜子四枚多種則漫撒苗出後根下壅作土盆多鉏則饒子不鉏則無實餘蔓花搯去則瓜肥大","種葫蘆黃瓜菜瓜冬瓜茄子","宜晴明日中種之每日早以少糞水澆灌此月下旬栽五月中旬結實若三月種之已遲","種藕蓮","取藕接頭時就用帶草溼泥包裹卻於池塘中栽之或用煑酒缾頭上泥栽種當年開花種蓮子用堅黒者於磚石上磨蓮子頭令皮薄則易生取墐土作泥包裹蓮子在內蓮子頭上作尖様約三指大長二寸底下務要平重候泥干時擲於池中重頭沉下自然周正","摘茶","畧蒸色小變攤開搧氣通用手揉以竹箬燒煙火氣焙乾以箬葉収諺雲茶是草箬是寳","種蘿蔔菘菜","上旬撒種三月中旬可食宜肥地以熟糞蓋","種蜀葵","院內路傍牆畔種之候花開盡帶青収其秸勿令枯槁水中漚一二日取皮作繩索用度","挿芙蓉","候芙蓉花"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"《農桑衣食撮要》　　（元）魯明善 撰","section_title":"欽定四庫全書","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"《農桑衣食撮要》　　（元）魯明善 撰","section_title":"提要","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","chapter_title":"《農桑衣食撮要》　　（元）魯明善 撰","section_title":"●魯明善農桑衣食撮要原序","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-2-section-1","chapter_title":"欽定四庫全書","section_title":"農桑衣食撮要捲上","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 《農桑衣食撮要》　　（元）魯明善 撰\n## 欽定四庫全書\n子部四\n農家類\n農桑衣食撮要二卷\n## 提要\n臣等謹案農桑衣食撮要二卷元魯明善撰明善元史無傳其始末未詳此本有其幕僚導江張慄序一篇稱明善輝和爾【舊作畏吾兒今依元國語解改正】人以父字魯為氏名鐵柱以字行於延佑甲寅出監壽陽郡始撰是書且鋟諸梓又有明善自序則稱叨憲紀之任取所蔵農桑撮要刋之學宮末署至順元年六月蓋自壽陽刋板之後閱十有七年而重付剞劂者也考豳風所紀皆陳物候夏小正所紀亦多切田功古來四民月令四時纂要諸書蓋其遺意而今多不傳至元中頒行農桑輯要扵耕種樹畜之法言之頗詳而歲用雜事僅列為卷末一篇未為賅備明善此書分十二月令件繫條別簡明易曉使種藝斂蔵之節開卷瞭然蓋以陰補農桑輯要所未備亦可謂留心民事講求實用者矣\n乾隆四十六年九月恭校上\n總纂官 （臣）紀昀 （臣）陸錫熊 （臣）孫士毅\n總校官 （臣）陸費墀\n## ●魯明善農桑衣食撮要原序\n農桑衣食之本務農桑則衣食足衣食足則民可教以禮義民可教以禮義則家國天下可久安長治也虞夏殷周之興罔不由此秦漢而降知恤鮮哉我世祖皇帝中統建元之初首詔有司歲時勸課以厚民生立大司農司以專其任列聖相承式遵祖訓凡我臣子孰敢不虔乃者叨蒙憲紀之任因思衣食之本取所藏農桑撮要刋之學宮所以欽承上意而教民務本也凡天時地利之宜種植斂藏之法纖悉無遺具在是書茍為民者人習其業則生財足食之道仰事俯育之資將隨取而隨足庶乎教可行而民安於下矣固久安長治之策也其可以農圃細事而忽之哉雖然遊末是趨舍是書而不務以自取貧困固吾民之罪而奪其時以落其事使是書為徒設則有司之咎也於戲時和歲豐家給人足與吾民相忘於謡衢擊壤之域顧不美歟謹題其篇端以告來者庶牧民者知所勸也至順元年六月甲申謹敘\n# 欽定四庫全書\n## 農桑衣食撮要捲上\n（元）魯明善 撰\n○正月　元旦宜齋戒焚香點燭拜謝天地日月星辰國王水土祖宗父母社稷六神勿興惡念每月若遇朔望之日依上焚香拜謝福徳必厚驗\n歲朝\n一日雞二日犬三日豕四日羊五日牛六日馬七日人八日榖日色晴明溫暖則蕃息安泰風雨陰寒慘冽則疾病衰耗以各日驗之\n驗歲草\n薺菜先生歲欲甘葶藶先生歲欲苦藕先生歲欲雨蒺藜先生歲欲旱蓬先生歲欲荒水藻先生歲欲惡艾先生歲欲病皆孟春佔之\n教牛\n牛者農之本為家長者須當留心提調每日水草不可失時水牛夏間下水坑不可觸熱冬間要溫暖切忌雪霜凍餓家有一牛可代七人力雖然畜類性與人同切宜愛惜保養\n嫁樹\n元日五更點火把照桑棗果木等樹則無蟲以刀斧班駁敲打樹身則結實此謂之嫁樹\n移栽諸色果木樹\n古人云移樹無時莫教樹知多留宿土記取南枝宜寛深開掘用少糞水和之成泥漿根有宿土者栽於泥中候水吃定次日方用土覆蓋根無宿土者深栽於泥中輕提起樹根與地平則根舒暢易得活三四日後方可用水澆灌上半月移栽則多實宜愛護勿令動揺\n騸諸色果木樹\n樹芽未生之時於根傍掘土須要寛深尋纂心釘地根截去留四邉亂根勿動卻用土覆蓋築令實則結果肥大勝挿接者謂之騸樹\n栽桑樹\n耕地宜熟移栽時行須用寛橫行闊八歩長行相離四歩對栽桑行中間可用牛耕故田不廢桑不致荒二月內移栽亦可臘月亦得\n移栽諸樹\n自朔暨晦可移松栢槐榆等樹二三月亦得\n修桑\n削去枯枝及低小亂枝條根傍開掘用糞土培壅與臘月同此月不修理則葉生遲而薄\n種麻\n古人云十耕蘿蔔九耕麻地要肥熟以土灰拌種或撒子以土灰和腐草蓋宻則細疎則粗布葉則刪耘宜帯露撒灰耘糞三兩次二三月皆可種之宜早不宜遲臘月八日亦得\n種茄匏冬瓜葫蘆黃瓜菜瓜\n此月預先以糞和灰土以瓦盆盛或桶盛貯候發熱過以瓜茄子挿於灰中常以水灑之日間朝日景夜間収於灶側暖處候生甲時分種於肥地常以少糞水澆灌上用低棚蓋之待長茂帶土移栽則易活社後亦可種之\n芋秧\n先將園地鉏過一遍又以新黃土覆在鉏過地上卻將芋芽向上宻排種之用草覆蓋候發出三四葉約四五寸髙於三月間移栽之\n修諸色果木樹\n削去低小亂枝條勿令分力結果自然肥大\n栽蔥韭薤\n去冗須微曬乾踈行宻排栽之宜雞糞培壅\n種苦蕒萵苣生菜芥\n二三月皆可移種宜用盫過熟灰糞培壅之\n合小豆醤\n小豆蒸爛冷定團成餅盫出黃衣穿掛當風處至三四月內用黒豆或黃豆炒過磨去皮簸淨煑熟撈出每小豆黃子一斗熟豆一石用鹽四十餘斤拌勻搗爛入甕每日攪動曬過七日後便可食用合醤時斟酌豆黃用之\n修農具\n築牆圍\n開溝渠\n修蠶屋\n整屋漏\n移栽諸般花窠\n織蠶箔\n○二月　月內三夘有則宜豆無則早種禾農家每歲經驗之言　驚蟄日以石灰摻於門限牆壁外則闢除諸般蟲蟻\n種舊椹\n宜熟耕地打成畦以舊椹撒於畦中常用水澆灌候芽出時如法愛護冬間附地割去其窠用柴草薄蓋以走火燒過火大則傷根糞草蓋至春杷耬去糞草用水澆灌每一窠出芽數枝留旺者一枝餘枝削去至秋長五六尺來春可移於熟地內相對作大寛行栽之\n籖諸色菓木\n揀好嫩枝條籖於芋頭或蘿蔔頭上栽易活腦上用箬葉包之若籖諸般花枝接頭亦得\n種黍穄\n新開荳田為上一畝用子四升春分前後宜用灰土和子種頻鉏三五窠作一叢書曰黍心未生雨灌其心心傷無實黍心初生畏天露次日早用苘麻散絟長繩上令兩人對持於黍上牽拽抹去其露則不傷黍刈穄欲早黍欲晚諺曰穄青喉黍折頭黍穄熟時炊飯又可釀酒搗碎蒸餻以備日用春後皆可種\n種椒\n擇溼潤肥地深耕杷勻取上年元埋地中椒子種之用灰糞和細土覆蓋則易生來年依時分開每株約離七八尺地用麻籸灰糞栽之忌水浸根三年後換嫩枝方結實闢蛇吃椒宜種香白芷或以髪纒樹根種生菜亦得\n種茶\n宜斜坡陰地走水處用糠與焦土種每一圏可用六七十粒覆土厚一寸出時不要耘草旱以米泔澆常以小便糞水或蠶沙壅之水浸根必死三年後可採茶相離二尺種一叢\n種西瓜\n宜肥地種掘地作坑如斗大每坑納瓜子四枚多種則漫撒苗出後根下壅作土盆多鉏則饒子不鉏則無實餘蔓花搯去則瓜肥大\n種葫蘆黃瓜菜瓜冬瓜茄子\n宜晴明日中種之每日早以少糞水澆灌此月下旬栽五月中旬結實若三月種之已遲\n種藕蓮\n取藕接頭時就用帶草溼泥包裹卻於池塘中栽之或用煑酒缾頭上泥栽種當年開花種蓮子用堅黒者於磚石上磨蓮子頭令皮薄則易生取墐土作泥包裹蓮子在內蓮子頭上作尖様約三指大長二寸底下務要平重候泥干時擲於池中重頭沉下自然周正\n摘茶\n畧蒸色小變攤開搧氣通用手揉以竹箬燒煙火氣焙乾以箬葉収諺雲茶是草箬是寳\n種蘿蔔菘菜\n上旬撒種三月中旬可食宜肥地以熟糞蓋\n種蜀葵\n院內路傍牆畔種之候花開盡帶青収其秸勿令枯槁水中漚一二日取皮作繩索用度\n挿芙蓉\n候芙蓉花","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}