{"resource_id":1810,"title":"马氏文通","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"馬氏文通","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"目錄","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"馬氏文通\t1","paragraphs":["目錄\t1","文通序\t5","後序\t6","上冊付印題記\t7","例言\t8","正名卷之一\t9","字類\t9","句讀\t13","字類及句讀示例\t18","實字卷之二\t19","名字二之一\t19","公名、本名\t19","群名、通名\t20","通名假借\t20","名字辨音\t21","名字諸式\t24","代字二之二\t27","代字總論\t27","指名代字二之三\t29","接讀代字二之四\t48","詢問代字二之五\t62","指示代字二之六\t71","實字卷之三\t83","主次三之一\t83","偏次三之二\t84","賓次三之三\t92","同次三之四\t97","【3.4.2】同次之例有二。\t99","靜字三之五\t108","靜字總論\t108","象靜\t108","滋靜三之六\t118","表詞三之七\t123","論比三之八\t131","實字卷之四\t140","外動字四之一\t140","動字總論：內動與外動\t140","外動字與轉詞\t141","外動字與止詞\t149","受動字四之二\t158","內動字四之三\t166","名字狀動字\t176","內動字用若外動字\t178","同動助動四之四\t179","助動字\t186","無屬動字四之五\t193","實字卷之五\t194","動字假借五之一\t194","動字辨音五之二\t200","動字駢列\t209","動字相承五之三\t210","散動諸式五之四\t225","實字卷之六\t228","狀字諸用六之一\t228","狀字假借六之二\t232","狀字諸式六之三\t233","狀字別義六之四\t236","虛字卷之七\t253","介字\t253","之字之用七之一\t254","於字之用七之二\t263","以字之用七之三\t271","與字之用七之四\t278","為字之用七之五\t282","由用微自諸字七之六\t285","虛字卷之八\t288","連字總論\t288","提起連字\t288","承接連字八之二\t293","承接連字八之三\t309","轉捩連字八之四\t326","推拓連字八之五\t331","虛字卷之九\t338","助字總論\t338","傳信助字九之一\t340","傳信助字九之二\t352","「也」助實字\t357","傳言助字九之三\t360","已、耳、爾\t367","傳信助字九之四\t370","者\t383","傳疑助字九之五\t383","合助助字九之六\t402","嘆字\t407","論句讀卷之十\t410","彖一\t410","系一\t411","系二\t413","系三\t413","系四\t414","系五\t415","系六\t415","系七\t416","彖二\t417","系一\t418","系二\t419","系三\t419","系四\t420","系五\t420","彖三\t421","系一\t422","系二\t426","系三\t427","系四\t427","彖四\t428","系一\t428","系二\t429","系三\t430","彖五\t431","彖六\t438","彖七\t455","詞語索引\t469","A\t469","B\t469","C\t470","D\t472","E\t474","F\t475","G\t476","H\t477","J\t478","K\t481","L\t482","M\t482","N\t483","P\t484","Q\t484","R\t486","S\t487","T\t490","W\t491","X\t493","Y\t494","Z\t500"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","title":"文通序","paragraphs":["昔古聖開物成務，廢結繩而造書契，於是文字興焉。夫依類象形之謂文，形聲相益之謂字，閱世遞變而相沿，訛謬至不可殫極。上古渺矣，漢承秦火，鄭許輩起，務究元本，而小學乃權興焉。自漢而降，小學旁分，各有專門。歐陽永叔曰：“《爾雅》出於漢世，正名物講說資之，於是有訓詁之學；許慎作《說文》，於是有偏旁之學；篆隸古文，為體各異，於是有字書之學；五聲異律，清濁相生，而孫炎始作字音，於是有音韻之學。”吳敬甫分三家，一曰體制，二曰訓詁，三曰音韻。胡元瑞則謂小學一端，門徑十數，有博於文者、義者、音者、跡者、考者、評者，統類而要刪之，不外訓詁、音韻、字書三者之學而已。","三者之學，至我朝始稱大備。凡詁釋之難，點畫之細，音韻之微，靡不詳稽旁證，求其至當。然其得失之異同，匿庸與嗜奇者，又往往互相主奴，聚訟紛紜，莫衷一是。則以字形字聲，閱世而不能不變，今欲於屢變之後以返求夫變之先，難矣。蓋所以證其未變之形與聲者，第據此已變者耳；藉令沿源討流，悉其元本所是正者，一字之疑、一音之訛、一畫之誤已耳。殊不知古先造字，點畫音韻，千變萬化，其賦以形而命以聲者，原無不變之理；而所以形其形而聲其聲，以神其形聲之用者，要有一成之律貫乎其中，歷千古而無或少變。蓋形與聲之最易變者，就每字言之；而形聲變而猶有不變者，就集字成句言之也。易曰：‘艮其輔，言有序。’詩曰：‘出言有章。’曰「有序」，曰「有章」，即此有形有聲之字，施之於用各得其宜，而著為文者也。傳曰：‘物相雜故曰文。’釋名謂‘會集眾採以成錦繡，會集眾字以成詞誼，如文繡然也。’今字形字聲之最易變者，則載籍極博，轉使學者無所適從矣；而會集眾字以成文，其道終不變者，則古無傳焉。","士生今日而不讀書為文章則已，士生今日而讀書為文章，將發古人之所未發而又與學者以易知易能，其道奚從哉？學記謂‘比年入學，中年考校，一年視離經辨志。’其疏雲：‘離經，謂離析經理，使章句斷絕也。’通雅引作‘離經辨句’，謂‘麗子六經使時習之，先辨其句讀也。’（[讀]徐邈音豆。）皇甫茂正雲：‘讀書未知句度，下視服杜。’ 「度」即「讀」，所謂句心也。然則古人小學，必先講解經理、斷絕句讀也明矣。夫知所以斷絕句讀，必先知所以集字成句成讀之義。劉氏文心雕龍雲：‘夫人之立言，因字而生句，積句而成章，積章而成篇。篇之彪炳，章無疵也；章之明靡，句無玷也；句之清英，字不妄也。振本而末從，知一而萬畢矣。’顧振本知一之故，劉氏亦未有發明。","慨夫蒙子入塾，首授以四子書，聽其終日伊吾；及少長也，則為之師者，就書衍說。至於逐字之部分類別，與夫字與字相配成句之義，且同一字也，有弁於句首者，有殿於句尾者，以及句讀先後參差之所以然，塾師固昧然也。而一二經師自命與攻乎古文詞者，語之及此，罔不曰此在神而明之耳，未可以言傳也。噫{口戲}！此豈非循其當然而不求其所以然之蔽也哉！後生學者，將何考藝而問道焉？","上稽經史，旁及諸子百家，下至志書小說，凡借字遣辭，茍可以述吾心中之意以示今而傳後者，博引相參，要皆有一成不變之例。愚苵罔揣固陋，取四書、三傳、史、漢、韓文為歷代文詞升降之宗，兼及諸子、語、策，為之字櫛句比，繁稱博引，比例而同之，觸類而長之，窮古今之簡篇，字裡行間，渙然冰釋，皆有以得其會通，輯為一書，名曰文通。部分為同。首正名。天下事之可學者各自不同，而其承用之名，"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"馬氏文通","section_title":"目錄","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"馬氏文通","section_title":"馬氏文通\t1","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","chapter_title":"馬氏文通","section_title":"文通序","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 馬氏文通\n## 目錄\n## 馬氏文通\t1\n目錄\t1\n文通序\t5\n後序\t6\n上冊付印題記\t7\n例言\t8\n正名卷之一\t9\n字類\t9\n句讀\t13\n字類及句讀示例\t18\n實字卷之二\t19\n名字二之一\t19\n公名、本名\t19\n群名、通名\t20\n通名假借\t20\n名字辨音\t21\n名字諸式\t24\n代字二之二\t27\n代字總論\t27\n指名代字二之三\t29\n接讀代字二之四\t48\n詢問代字二之五\t62\n指示代字二之六\t71\n實字卷之三\t83\n主次三之一\t83\n偏次三之二\t84\n賓次三之三\t92\n同次三之四\t97\n【3.4.2】同次之例有二。\t99\n靜字三之五\t108\n靜字總論\t108\n象靜\t108\n滋靜三之六\t118\n表詞三之七\t123\n論比三之八\t131\n實字卷之四\t140\n外動字四之一\t140\n動字總論：內動與外動\t140\n外動字與轉詞\t141\n外動字與止詞\t149\n受動字四之二\t158\n內動字四之三\t166\n名字狀動字\t176\n內動字用若外動字\t178\n同動助動四之四\t179\n助動字\t186\n無屬動字四之五\t193\n實字卷之五\t194\n動字假借五之一\t194\n動字辨音五之二\t200\n動字駢列\t209\n動字相承五之三\t210\n散動諸式五之四\t225\n實字卷之六\t228\n狀字諸用六之一\t228\n狀字假借六之二\t232\n狀字諸式六之三\t233\n狀字別義六之四\t236\n虛字卷之七\t253\n介字\t253\n之字之用七之一\t254\n於字之用七之二\t263\n以字之用七之三\t271\n與字之用七之四\t278\n為字之用七之五\t282\n由用微自諸字七之六\t285\n虛字卷之八\t288\n連字總論\t288\n提起連字\t288\n承接連字八之二\t293\n承接連字八之三\t309\n轉捩連字八之四\t326\n推拓連字八之五\t331\n虛字卷之九\t338\n助字總論\t338\n傳信助字九之一\t340\n傳信助字九之二\t352\n「也」助實字\t357\n傳言助字九之三\t360\n已、耳、爾\t367\n傳信助字九之四\t370\n者\t383\n傳疑助字九之五\t383\n合助助字九之六\t402\n嘆字\t407\n論句讀卷之十\t410\n彖一\t410\n系一\t411\n系二\t413\n系三\t413\n系四\t414\n系五\t415\n系六\t415\n系七\t416\n彖二\t417\n系一\t418\n系二\t419\n系三\t419\n系四\t420\n系五\t420\n彖三\t421\n系一\t422\n系二\t426\n系三\t427\n系四\t427\n彖四\t428\n系一\t428\n系二\t429\n系三\t430\n彖五\t431\n彖六\t438\n彖七\t455\n詞語索引\t469\nA\t469\nB\t469\nC\t470\nD\t472\nE\t474\nF\t475\nG\t476\nH\t477\nJ\t478\nK\t481\nL\t482\nM\t482\nN\t483\nP\t484\nQ\t484\nR\t486\nS\t487\nT\t490\nW\t491\nX\t493\nY\t494\nZ\t500\n## 文通序\n昔古聖開物成務，廢結繩而造書契，於是文字興焉。夫依類象形之謂文，形聲相益之謂字，閱世遞變而相沿，訛謬至不可殫極。上古渺矣，漢承秦火，鄭許輩起，務究元本，而小學乃權興焉。自漢而降，小學旁分，各有專門。歐陽永叔曰：“《爾雅》出於漢世，正名物講說資之，於是有訓詁之學；許慎作《說文》，於是有偏旁之學；篆隸古文，為體各異，於是有字書之學；五聲異律，清濁相生，而孫炎始作字音，於是有音韻之學。”吳敬甫分三家，一曰體制，二曰訓詁，三曰音韻。胡元瑞則謂小學一端，門徑十數，有博於文者、義者、音者、跡者、考者、評者，統類而要刪之，不外訓詁、音韻、字書三者之學而已。\n三者之學，至我朝始稱大備。凡詁釋之難，點畫之細，音韻之微，靡不詳稽旁證，求其至當。然其得失之異同，匿庸與嗜奇者，又往往互相主奴，聚訟紛紜，莫衷一是。則以字形字聲，閱世而不能不變，今欲於屢變之後以返求夫變之先，難矣。蓋所以證其未變之形與聲者，第據此已變者耳；藉令沿源討流，悉其元本所是正者，一字之疑、一音之訛、一畫之誤已耳。殊不知古先造字，點畫音韻，千變萬化，其賦以形而命以聲者，原無不變之理；而所以形其形而聲其聲，以神其形聲之用者，要有一成之律貫乎其中，歷千古而無或少變。蓋形與聲之最易變者，就每字言之；而形聲變而猶有不變者，就集字成句言之也。易曰：‘艮其輔，言有序。’詩曰：‘出言有章。’曰「有序」，曰「有章」，即此有形有聲之字，施之於用各得其宜，而著為文者也。傳曰：‘物相雜故曰文。’釋名謂‘會集眾採以成錦繡，會集眾字以成詞誼，如文繡然也。’今字形字聲之最易變者，則載籍極博，轉使學者無所適從矣；而會集眾字以成文，其道終不變者，則古無傳焉。\n士生今日而不讀書為文章則已，士生今日而讀書為文章，將發古人之所未發而又與學者以易知易能，其道奚從哉？學記謂‘比年入學，中年考校，一年視離經辨志。’其疏雲：‘離經，謂離析經理，使章句斷絕也。’通雅引作‘離經辨句’，謂‘麗子六經使時習之，先辨其句讀也。’（[讀]徐邈音豆。）皇甫茂正雲：‘讀書未知句度，下視服杜。’ 「度」即「讀」，所謂句心也。然則古人小學，必先講解經理、斷絕句讀也明矣。夫知所以斷絕句讀，必先知所以集字成句成讀之義。劉氏文心雕龍雲：‘夫人之立言，因字而生句，積句而成章，積章而成篇。篇之彪炳，章無疵也；章之明靡，句無玷也；句之清英，字不妄也。振本而末從，知一而萬畢矣。’顧振本知一之故，劉氏亦未有發明。\n慨夫蒙子入塾，首授以四子書，聽其終日伊吾；及少長也，則為之師者，就書衍說。至於逐字之部分類別，與夫字與字相配成句之義，且同一字也，有弁於句首者，有殿於句尾者，以及句讀先後參差之所以然，塾師固昧然也。而一二經師自命與攻乎古文詞者，語之及此，罔不曰此在神而明之耳，未可以言傳也。噫{口戲}！此豈非循其當然而不求其所以然之蔽也哉！後生學者，將何考藝而問道焉？\n上稽經史，旁及諸子百家，下至志書小說，凡借字遣辭，茍可以述吾心中之意以示今而傳後者，博引相參，要皆有一成不變之例。愚苵罔揣固陋，取四書、三傳、史、漢、韓文為歷代文詞升降之宗，兼及諸子、語、策，為之字櫛句比，繁稱博引，比例而同之，觸類而長之，窮古今之簡篇，字裡行間，渙然冰釋，皆有以得其會通，輯為一書，名曰文通。部分為同。首正名。天下事之可學者各自不同，而其承用之名，","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}