{"resource_id":1808,"title":"释名","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"敘卷一釋天第一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"釋地第二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","title":"釋山第三","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","title":"釋水第四釋丘第五","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","title":"釋道第六","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","title":"釋州國第七","paragraphs":["釋形體第八卷二釋姿容第九"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","title":"釋長幼第十","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","title":"釋親屬第十一","paragraphs":["釋言語第十二釋飲食第十三"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","title":"釋彩帛第十四","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","title":"釋首飾第十五","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","title":"卷三釋衣服第十六","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-12","title":"釋宮室第十七","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-13","title":"釋床帳第十八","paragraphs":["釋書契第十九釋典藝第二十"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-14","title":"卷四釋用器第二十一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-15","title":"釋樂器第二十二","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-16","title":"釋兵第二十三","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-17","title":"釋車第二十四釋船第二十五","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-18","title":"釋疾病第二十六","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-19","title":"釋喪制第二十七","paragraphs":["釋名敘","熙以為自古造化制器立象有物以來迄於近代或典禮所制或出自民庶名號雅俗各方名殊聖人於時就而弗改以成其器著於既往哲夫巧士以為之名故興於其用而不易其舊所以崇易簡省事功也夫名之於實各有義類百姓日稱而不知其所以之意故撰天地陰陽四時邦國都鄙車服喪紀下及民庶應用之器論敘指歸謂之釋名凡二十七篇至於事類未能究備凡所不載亦欲智者以類求之博物君子其答難解惑王父幼孫朝夕侍問以塞可謂之士聊可省諸劉熙成撰"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-20","title":"釋名卷一","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-21","title":"釋天第一","paragraphs":["天豫司兗冀以舌腹言之天顯也在上高顯也青徐以舌頭言之天垣也垣然高而遠也春曰蒼天陽氣始髮色蒼蒼也夏曰昊天其氣佈散皓皓也秋曰旻天旻閔也物就枯落可閔傷也冬曰上天其氣上騰與地絕也故月令曰天氣上騰地氣下降易謂之乾乾也行不息也又謂之元元懸也如懸物在上也","日實也光明盛實也","月缺也滿則缺也","光晃也晃晃然也亦言廣也所照廣遠也","景境也明所照處有境限也","晷規也如規畫也","曜耀也光明照耀也","星散也列位佈散也","宿宿也星各止宿其處也","氣餼也餼然有聲而無形也","風兗豫司橫口合唇言之風汜也其氣博汜而動物也青徐言風踧口開唇推氣言之風放也氣放散也","陰蔭也氣在內奧蔭也","陽揚也氣在外發揚也","寒捍也捍挌也","暑煮也熱如煮物也","熱爇也如火所燒爇也","雨羽也如鳥羽動則散也","春蠢也動而生也","夏假也寬假萬物使生長也","秋緧也緧迫品物使時成也","冬終也物終成也","四時四方各一時時期也物之生死各應節期而止也","年進也進而前也","歲越也越故限也唐虞曰載載生物也殷曰祀祀巳也新氣升故氣巳也","五行者五氣也於其方各施行也","金禁也其氣剛嚴能禁制也","木冒也華葉自覆冒也","水準也準平物也","火化也消化物也亦言毀也物入中皆毀壞也","土吐也能吐生萬物也","子孳也陽氣始萌孳生於下也於易為坎坎險也","醜紐也寒氣自屈紐也於易為艮艮限也時未可聽物生限止之也","卯冒也載冒土而出也於易為震二月之時雷始震也","辰伸也物皆伸舒而出也","巳巳也陽氣畢布巳也於易為巽巽散也物皆生布散也","午仵也陰氣從下上與陽相仵逆也於易為離離麗也物皆附麗陽氣以茂也","未昧也日中則昃向幽昧也","申身也物皆成其身體各申束之使備成也","西秀也秀者物皆成也於易為兌兌悅也物得備足皆喜悅也","戌恤也物當收斂矜恤之也亦言脫也落也","亥核也收藏百物核取其好惡真偽也亦言物成皆堅核也","甲孚也萬物解孚甲而生也","乙軋也自抽軋而出也","丙炳也物生炳然皆著見也","丁壯也物體皆丁壯也","戊茂也物皆茂盛也","巳紀也皆有定形可紀識也","庚猶更也庚堅強貌也","辛新也物初新者皆收成也","壬妊也陰陽交物懷妊也至子而萌也","癸揆也揆度而生乃出之也","霜喪也其氣慘毒物皆喪也","露慮也覆慮物也","雪綏也水下遇寒氣而凝綏綏然也","霰星也水雪相搏如星而散也","霂小雨也言裁歷沾漬如人沐頭惟及其上枝而根不濡也","雲猶云云眾盛意也又言運也執行也","雷硍也如轉物有所硍雷之聲也","電殄也乍見則殄滅也","震戰也所擊輒破若攻戰也又曰闢歷闢折也所歷皆破折也","雹炮也其所中物皆摧折如人所盛咆也","虹攻也純陽攻陰氣也又曰蝃蝀其見每於日在西而見於東啜飲東方之水氣也見於西方曰升朝日始升而出見也又曰美人陰陽不和婚姻錯亂淫風流行男美於女女美於男□相奔隨之時則此氣盛故以盛時名之也","霓齧也其體斷絕見於非時此災氣也傷害於物如有所食齧也","暈卷也氣在外卷結之也日月俱然","陰而風曰曀曀翳也言掩翳日光使不明也","風而雨土日霾霾晦也言如物塵晦之色也","珥氣在日兩旁之名也珥耳也言似人耳之在面旁也","日月虧曰食稍稍侵虧如蟲食草木葉也","晦灰也火死為灰月光盡似之也","朔蘇也月死復甦生也","弦月半之名也其形一旁曲一旁直若張弓施弦也望月滿之名也月大十六日小十五日日在東月在西遙相望也","昏損也陽精損滅也","晨伸也旦而日光復伸見也","祲侵也赤黑之氣相侵也","氛粉也潤氣著草木因寒凍凝色白若粉之形也","彗星光稍似彗也","孛蒲沒切星星旁氣孛孛然也","筆星星氣有一枝末銳似筆也","流星星轉行如流水也","枉矢齊魯謂光景為枉矢言其光行若射矢之所至也亦言其氣枉暴有所災害也","厲疾氣也中人如磨厲傷物也","疫役也言有鬼行疫也","□截也氣傷人如有斷截也","災也火所燒滅之餘曰言其於物如是也","害割也如割削物也","異者異於常也","青痟也如病者痟瘦也","慝態也有奸態也","妖夭也夭害物也","孽孽也過之如物見髡孽也"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-22","title":"釋地第二","paragraphs":["地者底也其體底下載萬物也亦言諦也五土所生莫不信諦也易謂之坤坤順也上順幹也","土吐也吐生萬物也","巳耕者曰田田填也五稼填滿其中也","壤瀼也肥濡意也","廣平曰原原元也如元氣廣大也","高平曰陸陸漉也水流漉而去也","下平曰衍言漫衍也","下溼曰隰隰蟄也蟄溼意也","下而有水曰澤言潤澤也","地不生物曰滷滷爐也如爐火處也","徐州貢土五色有青黃赤白黑也","土青曰黎似黎草色也","土黃而細密曰埴埴膩也黏如脂之膩也","土赤曰鼠肝似鼠肝色也","土白曰漂漂輕飛散也","土黑曰盧盧然解散也"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-23","title":"釋山第三","paragraphs":["山產也產生物也土山曰阜阜厚也言高厚也大阜曰陵陵隆也體高隆也","山頂曰冢冢腫也言腫起也山旁曰陂言陂也","山脊曰岡岡亢也在上之言也","山旁隴間曰湧湧猶桶桶挾而長也","山大而高曰嵩嵩竦也亦高稱也","山小高曰岑岑嶄也嶄然也","土銳而長曰嶠形作橋也","小山別大山曰□音彥□甑也甑一孔者□形孤出處似之也","山多小石曰磝磝堯也每石堯堯獨處而出見也","山多大石曰礐礐學也大石之形學學然也","山有草木曰岵岵怙也人所怙取以為事用也","山無草木曰屺屺圯也無所出生也","山上有水曰垺垺脫也脫而下流也","石載土曰岨岨臚然也土載石曰崔嵬因形名之也","山東曰朝陽山西曰夕陽隨日所照而名之也","山下根之受霤處曰圳圳吮也吮得山之肥潤也","山中藂木曰林林森也森森然也","山足曰麓麓陸也言水流順陸燥也","山體曰石石格也堅捍格也","小石曰礫礫料也小石相枝柱其間料料然出內氣也"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-24","title":"釋水第四","paragraphs":["天下大水四謂之四瀆江河淮濟是也","瀆獨也各獨出其所而入海也","江公也小水流入其中公共也","淮圍也圍繞揚州北界東至海也","河下也隨地下處而通流也","濟濟也源出河北濟河而南也","川穿也穿地而流也","山夾水曰澗澗間也言在兩山之間也","水正出曰濫泉濫銜也如人口有所銜口闓則"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"敘卷一釋天第一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋地第二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋山第三","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋水第四釋丘第五","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋道第六","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋州國第七","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋長幼第十","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋親屬第十一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋彩帛第十四","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋首飾第十五","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"卷三釋衣服第十六","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-12","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋宮室第十七","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-13","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋床帳第十八","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-14","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"卷四釋用器第二十一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-15","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋樂器第二十二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-16","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋兵第二十三","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-17","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋車第二十四釋船第二十五","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-18","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋疾病第二十六","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-19","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋喪制第二十七","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-20","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋名卷一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-21","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋天第一","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-22","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋地第二","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-23","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋山第三","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-24","chapter_title":"釋名[漢]劉熙撰","section_title":"釋水第四","is_available":true}],"plain_text":"# 釋名[漢]劉熙撰\n## 敘卷一釋天第一\n## 釋地第二\n## 釋山第三\n## 釋水第四釋丘第五\n## 釋道第六\n## 釋州國第七\n釋形體第八卷二釋姿容第九\n## 釋長幼第十\n## 釋親屬第十一\n釋言語第十二釋飲食第十三\n## 釋彩帛第十四\n## 釋首飾第十五\n## 卷三釋衣服第十六\n## 釋宮室第十七\n## 釋床帳第十八\n釋書契第十九釋典藝第二十\n## 卷四釋用器第二十一\n## 釋樂器第二十二\n## 釋兵第二十三\n## 釋車第二十四釋船第二十五\n## 釋疾病第二十六\n## 釋喪制第二十七\n釋名敘\n熙以為自古造化制器立象有物以來迄於近代或典禮所制或出自民庶名號雅俗各方名殊聖人於時就而弗改以成其器著於既往哲夫巧士以為之名故興於其用而不易其舊所以崇易簡省事功也夫名之於實各有義類百姓日稱而不知其所以之意故撰天地陰陽四時邦國都鄙車服喪紀下及民庶應用之器論敘指歸謂之釋名凡二十七篇至於事類未能究備凡所不載亦欲智者以類求之博物君子其答難解惑王父幼孫朝夕侍問以塞可謂之士聊可省諸劉熙成撰\n## 釋名卷一\n## 釋天第一\n天豫司兗冀以舌腹言之天顯也在上高顯也青徐以舌頭言之天垣也垣然高而遠也春曰蒼天陽氣始髮色蒼蒼也夏曰昊天其氣佈散皓皓也秋曰旻天旻閔也物就枯落可閔傷也冬曰上天其氣上騰與地絕也故月令曰天氣上騰地氣下降易謂之乾乾也行不息也又謂之元元懸也如懸物在上也\n日實也光明盛實也\n月缺也滿則缺也\n光晃也晃晃然也亦言廣也所照廣遠也\n景境也明所照處有境限也\n晷規也如規畫也\n曜耀也光明照耀也\n星散也列位佈散也\n宿宿也星各止宿其處也\n氣餼也餼然有聲而無形也\n風兗豫司橫口合唇言之風汜也其氣博汜而動物也青徐言風踧口開唇推氣言之風放也氣放散也\n陰蔭也氣在內奧蔭也\n陽揚也氣在外發揚也\n寒捍也捍挌也\n暑煮也熱如煮物也\n熱爇也如火所燒爇也\n雨羽也如鳥羽動則散也\n春蠢也動而生也\n夏假也寬假萬物使生長也\n秋緧也緧迫品物使時成也\n冬終也物終成也\n四時四方各一時時期也物之生死各應節期而止也\n年進也進而前也\n歲越也越故限也唐虞曰載載生物也殷曰祀祀巳也新氣升故氣巳也\n五行者五氣也於其方各施行也\n金禁也其氣剛嚴能禁制也\n木冒也華葉自覆冒也\n水準也準平物也\n火化也消化物也亦言毀也物入中皆毀壞也\n土吐也能吐生萬物也\n子孳也陽氣始萌孳生於下也於易為坎坎險也\n醜紐也寒氣自屈紐也於易為艮艮限也時未可聽物生限止之也\n卯冒也載冒土而出也於易為震二月之時雷始震也\n辰伸也物皆伸舒而出也\n巳巳也陽氣畢布巳也於易為巽巽散也物皆生布散也\n午仵也陰氣從下上與陽相仵逆也於易為離離麗也物皆附麗陽氣以茂也\n未昧也日中則昃向幽昧也\n申身也物皆成其身體各申束之使備成也\n西秀也秀者物皆成也於易為兌兌悅也物得備足皆喜悅也\n戌恤也物當收斂矜恤之也亦言脫也落也\n亥核也收藏百物核取其好惡真偽也亦言物成皆堅核也\n甲孚也萬物解孚甲而生也\n乙軋也自抽軋而出也\n丙炳也物生炳然皆著見也\n丁壯也物體皆丁壯也\n戊茂也物皆茂盛也\n巳紀也皆有定形可紀識也\n庚猶更也庚堅強貌也\n辛新也物初新者皆收成也\n壬妊也陰陽交物懷妊也至子而萌也\n癸揆也揆度而生乃出之也\n霜喪也其氣慘毒物皆喪也\n露慮也覆慮物也\n雪綏也水下遇寒氣而凝綏綏然也\n霰星也水雪相搏如星而散也\n霂小雨也言裁歷沾漬如人沐頭惟及其上枝而根不濡也\n雲猶云云眾盛意也又言運也執行也\n雷硍也如轉物有所硍雷之聲也\n電殄也乍見則殄滅也\n震戰也所擊輒破若攻戰也又曰闢歷闢折也所歷皆破折也\n雹炮也其所中物皆摧折如人所盛咆也\n虹攻也純陽攻陰氣也又曰蝃蝀其見每於日在西而見於東啜飲東方之水氣也見於西方曰升朝日始升而出見也又曰美人陰陽不和婚姻錯亂淫風流行男美於女女美於男□相奔隨之時則此氣盛故以盛時名之也\n霓齧也其體斷絕見於非時此災氣也傷害於物如有所食齧也\n暈卷也氣在外卷結之也日月俱然\n陰而風曰曀曀翳也言掩翳日光使不明也\n風而雨土日霾霾晦也言如物塵晦之色也\n珥氣在日兩旁之名也珥耳也言似人耳之在面旁也\n日月虧曰食稍稍侵虧如蟲食草木葉也\n晦灰也火死為灰月光盡似之也\n朔蘇也月死復甦生也\n弦月半之名也其形一旁曲一旁直若張弓施弦也望月滿之名也月大十六日小十五日日在東月在西遙相望也\n昏損也陽精損滅也\n晨伸也旦而日光復伸見也\n祲侵也赤黑之氣相侵也\n氛粉也潤氣著草木因寒凍凝色白若粉之形也\n彗星光稍似彗也\n孛蒲沒切星星旁氣孛孛然也\n筆星星氣有一枝末銳似筆也\n流星星轉行如流水也\n枉矢齊魯謂光景為枉矢言其光行若射矢之所至也亦言其氣枉暴有所災害也\n厲疾氣也中人如磨厲傷物也\n疫役也言有鬼行疫也\n□截也氣傷人如有斷截也\n災也火所燒滅之餘曰言其於物如是也\n害割也如割削物也\n異者異於常也\n青痟也如病者痟瘦也\n慝態也有奸態也\n妖夭也夭害物也\n孽孽也過之如物見髡孽也\n## 釋地第二\n地者底也其體底下載萬物也亦言諦也五土所生莫不信諦也易謂之坤坤順也上順幹也\n土吐也吐生萬物也\n巳耕者曰田田填也五稼填滿其中也\n壤瀼也肥濡意也\n廣平曰原原元也如元氣廣大也\n高平曰陸陸漉也水流漉而去也\n下平曰衍言漫衍也\n下溼曰隰隰蟄也蟄溼意也\n下而有水曰澤言潤澤也\n地不生物曰滷滷爐也如爐火處也\n徐州貢土五色有青黃赤白黑也\n土青曰黎似黎草色也\n土黃而細密曰埴埴膩也黏如脂之膩也\n土赤曰鼠肝似鼠肝色也\n土白曰漂漂輕飛散也\n土黑曰盧盧然解散也\n## 釋山第三\n山產也產生物也土山曰阜阜厚也言高厚也大阜曰陵陵隆也體高隆也\n山頂曰冢冢腫也言腫起也山旁曰陂言陂也\n山脊曰岡岡亢也在上之言也\n山旁隴間曰湧湧猶桶桶挾而長也\n山大而高曰嵩嵩竦也亦高稱也\n山小高曰岑岑嶄也嶄然也\n土銳而長曰嶠形作橋也\n小山別大山曰□音彥□甑也甑一孔者□形孤出處似之也\n山多小石曰磝磝堯也每石堯堯獨處而出見也\n山多大石曰礐礐學也大石之形學學然也\n山有草木曰岵岵怙也人所怙取以為事用也\n山無草木曰屺屺圯也無所出生也\n山上有水曰垺垺脫也脫而下流也\n石載土曰岨岨臚然也土載石曰崔嵬因形名之也\n山東曰朝陽山西曰夕陽隨日所照而名之也\n山下根之受霤處曰圳圳吮也吮得山之肥潤也\n山中藂木曰林林森也森森然也\n山足曰麓麓陸也言水流順陸燥也\n山體曰石石格也堅捍格也\n小石曰礫礫料也小石相枝柱其間料料然出內氣也\n## 釋水第四\n天下大水四謂之四瀆江河淮濟是也\n瀆獨也各獨出其所而入海也\n江公也小水流入其中公共也\n淮圍也圍繞揚州北界東至海也\n河下也隨地下處而通流也\n濟濟也源出河北濟河而南也\n川穿也穿地而流也\n山夾水曰澗澗間也言在兩山之間也\n水正出曰濫泉濫銜也如人口有所銜口闓則","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}