{"resource_id":14681,"title":"八十一难经","format":"md","encoding":"utf-8","chapters":[{"id":"chapter-1","title":"八十一難經","sections":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","title":"正文","paragraphs":["八十一難經 西漢 扁鵲"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","title":"從一難至二十二難論經脈","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","title":"一難","paragraphs":["一難曰：十二經皆有動脈，獨取寸口，以決五臟六腑死生吉凶之法，何謂也？然：寸口者，脈之大會，手太陰之脈動也。","人一呼，脈行三寸，一吸脈行三寸，呼吸定息，脈行六寸。人一日一夜，凡一萬三千五百息，脈行五十度，周於身。漏水下百刻，榮衛行陽二十五度，行陰亦二十五度，為一週也。故五十度復會於手太陰。寸口者，五臟六腑之所終始，故法取於寸口也。"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","title":"從一難至二十二難論經脈","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","title":"二難","paragraphs":["二難曰：脈有尺寸，何謂也？然：尺寸者，脈之大要會也。","從關至尺，是尺內，陰之所治也：從關至魚際，是寸口內，陽之所治也。","故分寸為尺，分尺為寸。","故陰得尺內一寸，陽得寸內九分。","尺寸終始一寸九分，故曰尺寸也。"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","title":"從一難至二十二難論經脈","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","title":"三難","paragraphs":["三難曰：脈有太過，有不及，有陰陽相乘，有覆有溢，有關有格，何謂也？然：關之前者，陽之動也，脈當見九分而浮。過者，法曰太過；減者，法曰不及。","遂上魚為溢，為外關內格，此陰乘之脈也。","關以後者，陰之動也，脈當見一寸而沉。過者，法曰太過；減者，法曰不及。","遂入尺為覆，為內關外格，此陽乘之脈也。","故曰覆溢。","是其真髒之脈，人不病而死也。"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","title":"從一難至二十二難論經脈","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","title":"四難","paragraphs":["四難曰：脈有陰陽之法，何謂也？然：撥出心與肺，吸入腎與肝，呼吸之間：脾受谷味也，其脈在中。","浮者陽也，沉者陰也，故曰陰陽也。","心肺俱浮，何以別之？然：浮而大散者心也；浮而短澀者肺也。腎肝俱沉，何以別之？然：牢而長者肝也；按之濡，舉指來實者腎也。脾者中州，故其脈在中，是陰陽之法也。","脈有一陰一陽，一陰二陽，一陰三陽；有一陽一陰，一陽二陰，一陽三陰。如此之言，寸口有六脈俱動邪？然：此言者，非有六脈俱動也，謂浮沉長短滑澀也。浮者陽也，滑者陽也，長者陽也；沉者陰也，短者陰也，澀者陰也。所謂一陰一陽者，謂脈來沉而滑也；一陰二陽者，謂脈來沉滑而長也；一陰三陽者，謂脈來浮滑而長，時一沉也。所謂一陽一陰者，謂脈來浮而澀也；一陽二陰者，謂脈來長而沉澀也；一陽三陰者，謂脈來沉澀而短，時一浮也。各以其經所在，名病逆順也。"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-10","title":"從一難至二十二難論經脈","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-11","title":"五難","paragraphs":["五難曰：脈有輕重，何謂也？然：初持脈，如三菽之重，與皮毛相得者，肺部也，如六菽之重，與血脈相得者，心部也，如九菽之重，與肌肉相得者，脾部也。如十二菽之重，與筋平者，肝部也。按之至骨，舉指來疾者，腎部也，故曰輕重也。"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-12","title":"從一難至二十二難論經脈","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-13","title":"六難","paragraphs":["六難曰：脈有陰盛陽虛，陽盛陰虛，何謂也？然：浮之損小，沉之實大，故曰陰盛陽虛；沉之損小，浮之實大，故曰陽盛陰虛。是陰陽虛實之意也。"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-14","title":"從一難至二十二難論經脈","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-15","title":"七難","paragraphs":["七難曰：經言少陽之至，乍大乍小，乍短乍長；陽明之至，浮大而短；太陽之至，洪大而長；太陰之至，緊大而長；少陰之至，緊細而微；厥陰之至，沉短而敦。此六者，是平脈邪？將病脈邪？然：皆王脈也。","其氣以何月，各王幾日？然：冬至之後，得甲子少陽王。復得甲子陽明王。復得甲子太陽王。","復得甲子太陰王。復得甲子少陰王。復得甲子厥陰王。王各六十日，六六三百六十日，以成一歲。","此三陽三陰之王時日大要也。"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-16","title":"從一難至二十二難論經脈","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-17","title":"八難","paragraphs":["八難曰：寸口脈平而死者，何謂也？然：諸十二經脈者，皆繫於生氣之原。所謂生氣之原者，謂十二經之根本也，謂腎間動氣也。此五臟六腑之本，十二經脈之根。呼吸之門，三焦之原，一名守邪之神。故氣者，人之根本也，根絕則莖葉枯矣。寸口脈平而死者，生氣獨絕於內也。"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-18","title":"從一難至二十二難論經脈","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-19","title":"九難","paragraphs":["九難曰：何以別知臟腑之病耶？然：數者腑也，遲者髒也。數則為熱，遲則為寒。諸陽為熱，諸陰為寒，故以別知臟腑之病也。"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-20","title":"從一難至二十二難論經脈","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-21","title":"十難","paragraphs":["十難曰：一脈為十變者，何謂也？然：五邪剛柔相逢之意也。假令心脈急甚者，肝邪幹心也；心脈微急者，膽邪幹小腸也：心脈大甚者，心邪自幹心也；心脈微大者，小腸邪自幹小腸也。心脈緩甚者，脾邪幹心也；心脈微緩者，胃邪幹小腸也。心脈澀甚者，肺邪幹心也；心脈微澀者，大腸邪幹小腸也。心脈沉甚者，腎邪幹心也；心脈微沉者，膀胱邪幹小腸也。五臟各有剛柔邪，故令一脈輒變為十也。"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-22","title":"從一難至二十二難論經脈","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-23","title":"十一難","paragraphs":["十一難曰：經言脈不滿五十動而一止，一髒無氣者，何髒也？然：人吸者隨陰入，呼者因陽出。今吸不能至腎，至肝而還，故知一髒無氣者，腎氣先盡也。"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-24","title":"從一難至二十二難論經脈","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-25","title":"十二難","paragraphs":["十二難曰：經言五臟脈已絕於內，用針者反實其外：五臟脈已絕於外，用針者反實其內。內外之絕，何以別之？然：五臟脈已絕於內者，腎肝氣已絕於內也，而醫反補其心肺；五臟脈已絕於外者，其心肺脈已絕於外也，而醫反補其腎肝。陽絕補陰，陰絕補陽，是謂實實虛虛，損不足益有餘，如此死者，醫殺之耳。"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-26","title":"從一難至二十二難論經脈","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-27","title":"十三難","paragraphs":["十三難曰：經言見其色而不得其脈，反得相勝之脈者即死；得相生之脈者，病即自已。色之與脈當參相應，為之奈何？然：五臟有五色，皆見於面，亦當與寸口尺內相應。假令色青，其脈當弦而急；色赤，其脈浮大而散；色黃，其脈中緩而大；色白，其脈浮澀而短；色黑，其脈沉濡而滑。此所謂五色之與脈，當參相應也。","脈數，尺之皮膚亦數；脈急，尺之皮膚亦急；脈緩。尺之皮膚亦緩；脈澀，尺之皮膚亦澀，脈滑，尺之皮膚亦滑。","五臟各有聲色臭味，當與寸口尺內相應，其不應者病也，假令色青，其脈浮澀而短，若大而緩為相勝；浮大而散，若小而滑為相生也。","經言知一為下工，知二為中工，知三為上工。上工者十全九，中工者十全七，下工者十全六。此之謂也。"]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-28","title":"從一難至二十二難論經脈","paragraphs":[]},{"id":"chapter-1-section-29","title":"十四難","paragraphs":["十四難曰：脈者損至，何謂也？然：至之脈，一呼再至曰平，三至曰離經，四至曰奪精，五至曰死，六至曰命絕，此至之脈也。何謂損？一呼一至曰離經，再呼一至曰奪精，三呼一至曰死，四呼一至曰命絕，此損之脈也。至脈從下上，損脈從上下也。","損脈之為病奈何？然：一損損於皮毛，皮聚而毛落；二損損於血脈，血脈虛少，不能榮於五臟六腑；三損損於肌肉，肌肉消瘦，飲食不能為肌膚；四損損於筋，筋緩不能自收持；五損損於骨，骨痿不能起於床。","反此者，至於收病也。從上下者，骨痿不能起於床者死；從下上者，"]}]}],"toc":[{"id":"chapter-1-section-1","chapter_title":"八十一難經","section_title":"正文","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-2","chapter_title":"八十一難經","section_title":"從一難至二十二難論經脈","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-3","chapter_title":"八十一難經","section_title":"一難","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-4","chapter_title":"八十一難經","section_title":"從一難至二十二難論經脈","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-5","chapter_title":"八十一難經","section_title":"二難","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-6","chapter_title":"八十一難經","section_title":"從一難至二十二難論經脈","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-7","chapter_title":"八十一難經","section_title":"三難","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-8","chapter_title":"八十一難經","section_title":"從一難至二十二難論經脈","is_available":true},{"id":"chapter-1-section-9","chapter_title":"八十一難經","section_title":"四難","is_available":true},{"id":"chap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八十一難經\n八十一難經 西漢 扁鵲\n## 從一難至二十二難論經脈\n## 一難\n一難曰：十二經皆有動脈，獨取寸口，以決五臟六腑死生吉凶之法，何謂也？然：寸口者，脈之大會，手太陰之脈動也。\n人一呼，脈行三寸，一吸脈行三寸，呼吸定息，脈行六寸。人一日一夜，凡一萬三千五百息，脈行五十度，周於身。漏水下百刻，榮衛行陽二十五度，行陰亦二十五度，為一週也。故五十度復會於手太陰。寸口者，五臟六腑之所終始，故法取於寸口也。\n## 從一難至二十二難論經脈\n## 二難\n二難曰：脈有尺寸，何謂也？然：尺寸者，脈之大要會也。\n從關至尺，是尺內，陰之所治也：從關至魚際，是寸口內，陽之所治也。\n故分寸為尺，分尺為寸。\n故陰得尺內一寸，陽得寸內九分。\n尺寸終始一寸九分，故曰尺寸也。\n## 從一難至二十二難論經脈\n## 三難\n三難曰：脈有太過，有不及，有陰陽相乘，有覆有溢，有關有格，何謂也？然：關之前者，陽之動也，脈當見九分而浮。過者，法曰太過；減者，法曰不及。\n遂上魚為溢，為外關內格，此陰乘之脈也。\n關以後者，陰之動也，脈當見一寸而沉。過者，法曰太過；減者，法曰不及。\n遂入尺為覆，為內關外格，此陽乘之脈也。\n故曰覆溢。\n是其真髒之脈，人不病而死也。\n## 從一難至二十二難論經脈\n## 四難\n四難曰：脈有陰陽之法，何謂也？然：撥出心與肺，吸入腎與肝，呼吸之間：脾受谷味也，其脈在中。\n浮者陽也，沉者陰也，故曰陰陽也。\n心肺俱浮，何以別之？然：浮而大散者心也；浮而短澀者肺也。腎肝俱沉，何以別之？然：牢而長者肝也；按之濡，舉指來實者腎也。脾者中州，故其脈在中，是陰陽之法也。\n脈有一陰一陽，一陰二陽，一陰三陽；有一陽一陰，一陽二陰，一陽三陰。如此之言，寸口有六脈俱動邪？然：此言者，非有六脈俱動也，謂浮沉長短滑澀也。浮者陽也，滑者陽也，長者陽也；沉者陰也，短者陰也，澀者陰也。所謂一陰一陽者，謂脈來沉而滑也；一陰二陽者，謂脈來沉滑而長也；一陰三陽者，謂脈來浮滑而長，時一沉也。所謂一陽一陰者，謂脈來浮而澀也；一陽二陰者，謂脈來長而沉澀也；一陽三陰者，謂脈來沉澀而短，時一浮也。各以其經所在，名病逆順也。\n## 從一難至二十二難論經脈\n## 五難\n五難曰：脈有輕重，何謂也？然：初持脈，如三菽之重，與皮毛相得者，肺部也，如六菽之重，與血脈相得者，心部也，如九菽之重，與肌肉相得者，脾部也。如十二菽之重，與筋平者，肝部也。按之至骨，舉指來疾者，腎部也，故曰輕重也。\n## 從一難至二十二難論經脈\n## 六難\n六難曰：脈有陰盛陽虛，陽盛陰虛，何謂也？然：浮之損小，沉之實大，故曰陰盛陽虛；沉之損小，浮之實大，故曰陽盛陰虛。是陰陽虛實之意也。\n## 從一難至二十二難論經脈\n## 七難\n七難曰：經言少陽之至，乍大乍小，乍短乍長；陽明之至，浮大而短；太陽之至，洪大而長；太陰之至，緊大而長；少陰之至，緊細而微；厥陰之至，沉短而敦。此六者，是平脈邪？將病脈邪？然：皆王脈也。\n其氣以何月，各王幾日？然：冬至之後，得甲子少陽王。復得甲子陽明王。復得甲子太陽王。\n復得甲子太陰王。復得甲子少陰王。復得甲子厥陰王。王各六十日，六六三百六十日，以成一歲。\n此三陽三陰之王時日大要也。\n## 從一難至二十二難論經脈\n## 八難\n八難曰：寸口脈平而死者，何謂也？然：諸十二經脈者，皆繫於生氣之原。所謂生氣之原者，謂十二經之根本也，謂腎間動氣也。此五臟六腑之本，十二經脈之根。呼吸之門，三焦之原，一名守邪之神。故氣者，人之根本也，根絕則莖葉枯矣。寸口脈平而死者，生氣獨絕於內也。\n## 從一難至二十二難論經脈\n## 九難\n九難曰：何以別知臟腑之病耶？然：數者腑也，遲者髒也。數則為熱，遲則為寒。諸陽為熱，諸陰為寒，故以別知臟腑之病也。\n## 從一難至二十二難論經脈\n## 十難\n十難曰：一脈為十變者，何謂也？然：五邪剛柔相逢之意也。假令心脈急甚者，肝邪幹心也；心脈微急者，膽邪幹小腸也：心脈大甚者，心邪自幹心也；心脈微大者，小腸邪自幹小腸也。心脈緩甚者，脾邪幹心也；心脈微緩者，胃邪幹小腸也。心脈澀甚者，肺邪幹心也；心脈微澀者，大腸邪幹小腸也。心脈沉甚者，腎邪幹心也；心脈微沉者，膀胱邪幹小腸也。五臟各有剛柔邪，故令一脈輒變為十也。\n## 從一難至二十二難論經脈\n## 十一難\n十一難曰：經言脈不滿五十動而一止，一髒無氣者，何髒也？然：人吸者隨陰入，呼者因陽出。今吸不能至腎，至肝而還，故知一髒無氣者，腎氣先盡也。\n## 從一難至二十二難論經脈\n## 十二難\n十二難曰：經言五臟脈已絕於內，用針者反實其外：五臟脈已絕於外，用針者反實其內。內外之絕，何以別之？然：五臟脈已絕於內者，腎肝氣已絕於內也，而醫反補其心肺；五臟脈已絕於外者，其心肺脈已絕於外也，而醫反補其腎肝。陽絕補陰，陰絕補陽，是謂實實虛虛，損不足益有餘，如此死者，醫殺之耳。\n## 從一難至二十二難論經脈\n## 十三難\n十三難曰：經言見其色而不得其脈，反得相勝之脈者即死；得相生之脈者，病即自已。色之與脈當參相應，為之奈何？然：五臟有五色，皆見於面，亦當與寸口尺內相應。假令色青，其脈當弦而急；色赤，其脈浮大而散；色黃，其脈中緩而大；色白，其脈浮澀而短；色黑，其脈沉濡而滑。此所謂五色之與脈，當參相應也。\n脈數，尺之皮膚亦數；脈急，尺之皮膚亦急；脈緩。尺之皮膚亦緩；脈澀，尺之皮膚亦澀，脈滑，尺之皮膚亦滑。\n五臟各有聲色臭味，當與寸口尺內相應，其不應者病也，假令色青，其脈浮澀而短，若大而緩為相勝；浮大而散，若小而滑為相生也。\n經言知一為下工，知二為中工，知三為上工。上工者十全九，中工者十全七，下工者十全六。此之謂也。\n## 從一難至二十二難論經脈\n## 十四難\n十四難曰：脈者損至，何謂也？然：至之脈，一呼再至曰平，三至曰離經，四至曰奪精，五至曰死，六至曰命絕，此至之脈也。何謂損？一呼一至曰離經，再呼一至曰奪精，三呼一至曰死，四呼一至曰命絕，此損之脈也。至脈從下上，損脈從上下也。\n損脈之為病奈何？然：一損損於皮毛，皮聚而毛落；二損損於血脈，血脈虛少，不能榮於五臟六腑；三損損於肌肉，肌肉消瘦，飲食不能為肌膚；四損損於筋，筋緩不能自收持；五損損於骨，骨痿不能起於床。\n反此者，至於收病也。從上下者，骨痿不能起於床者死；從下上者，","is_preview":true,"preview_page_limit":10}